scholarly journals Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes and Reproductive System of Rats under Heat Stress Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-793
Author(s):  
Nur Akmar Nadhirah Mohd Nor ◽  
Connie Fay Komilus ◽  
Mohd Nizam Haron ◽  
Fathurrahman Lananan ◽  
Ha Hou Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Bee Bread

Exposure to extreme temperature during pregnancy was associated with abnormal birth outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight, and placental abortion. Bee bread is a natural product created by bees that is highly nutritional and was recommended for human consumption as a source of high energy and protein. Hence, this study aims to determine the effect of bee bread on pregnancy outcomes and the reproductive system of the ovary and uterus in rats exposed to heat stress. 

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associations between Green and Blue Spaces and Birth Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Akaraci ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
Thomas Suesse ◽  
Bin Jalaludin ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Meta Analyses

Previous studies suggest that green and blue spaces may promote several health outcomes including birth outcomes. However, no synthesis of previous work has specifically asked policy-relevant questions of how much and what type is needed in every neighborhood to elicit these benefits at the population level. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize thirty-seven studies on the association between residential green and blue spaces and pregnancy outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed for birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). Increase in residential greenness was statistically significantly associated with higher BW [β = 0.001, 95%CI: (<0.001, 0.002)] and lower odds of SGA [OR = 0.95, 95%CI: (0.92, 0.97)]. Associations between green space and LBW and PTB were as hypothesized but not statistically significant. Associations between blue spaces and pregnancy outcomes were not evident. No study explicitly examined questions of threshold, though some evidence of nonlinearity indicated that moderate amounts of green space may support more favorable pregnancy outcomes. Policy-relevant green and blue space exposures involving theory-driven thresholds warrant testing to ensure future investments in urban greening promote healthier pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Impact of Doulas on Healthy Birth Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Gruber ◽  
Susan H. Cupito ◽  
Christina F. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Childbirth Education ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Birth Complication ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Birth outcomes of two groups of socially disadvantaged mothers at risk for adverse birth outcomes, one receiving prebirth assistance from a certified doula and the other representing a sample of birthing mothers who elected to not work with a doula, were compared. All of the mothers were participants in a prenatal health and childbirth education program. Expectant mothers matched with a doula had better birth outcomes. Doula-assisted mothers were four times less likely to have a low birth weight (LBW) baby, two times less likely to experience a birth complication involving themselves or their baby, and significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding. Communication with and encouragement from a doula throughout the pregnancy may have increased the mother’s self-efficacy regarding her ability to impact her own pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Among Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Long-term Retrospective Analysis of Data from a Major Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Maxwell Dapar ◽  
Benjamin Joseph ◽  
Rotkangmwa Okunola ◽  
Josiah Mutihir ◽  
Moses Chingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
North Central ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background and Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection from a death sentence to a chronic syndrome, allowing infected individuals to lead near-normal lives, including achieving pregnancy and bearing children. Notwithstanding, concerns remain about the effects of ART in pregnancy. Previous studies suggested contradictory associations between ART and pregnancy. This study determined birth outcomes in pregnant women who accessed ART between 2004 and 2017 at a major tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 5,080 participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston. A pro forma for data abstraction was designed and used to collect data. Abstracted data were sorted and managed using SPSS® version 22. The Chi-square test was used to calculate the proportions of pregnancy outcomes. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the effect of antiretroviral drug regimens on mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery. All levels of significance were set at p 0.05. Results: Pregnancy outcomes were recorded as live birth (99.8%), stillbirth (0.2%), preterm delivery (6.6%), and low birth weight (23%). There was a statistically significant association between ART in pregnancy and low birth weight {χ2[(5, n = 3439) = 11.99, p = 0.04]}. The highest mean birth weights were recorded in participants who received drug combinations with protease inhibitors or efavirenz, in contrast to participants who received Nevirapine, stavudine and Emtricitabine/Tenofovirbased regimens. However, there was no significant difference in the gestational age of babies at birth for the six ART regimens in the study. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Findings support the benefits of ART in pregnancy, which is in line with the testing and treatment policies of the 90-90-90 targets for ending HIV by the year 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Dapar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Testicular Histopathology and Spermatogenesis in Mice with Scrotal Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuan Dang-Cong ◽  
Tung Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
And Function

Chronic heat stress-induced testicular damage and function therefore adversely affect their reproduction. Some research shows that heat stress has a negative effect on histopathological features of testicular tissue structure and spermatogenesis. An animal model was used to evaluate the effect of heat stress on testicular histology changes and spermatogenesis. The mouse model of heat stress was established by submerged in a pre-warmed incubator. The testes’ tissue was fixed and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) for quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis according to Johnson scoring system. Mice exposed to heat stress exhibited degenerated and disorganized features of spermatogenic epithelium and reduced spermatogenic cells. Heat stress exposure shows a significantly reduced Johnson score compared to the control condition. The percentage of high Johnsen score points was decreased in heat-stress exposure mice, while the ratio of low Johnsen score points was gradually increased. This chapter describes a mouse model for studying the male reproductive system and applies the Johnsen scores system to assess testicular histopathology in the seminiferous tubule cross-section. Collectively, this chapter indicated a negative impact of heat stress on mouse spermatogenesis as well as the human reproductive system.

scholarly journals Heat Stress-Associated Growth Retardation in the First 1000 Days Is Mitigated by Preconception Nutritional Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Meghan Ruebel ◽  
Jennifer Kemp ◽  
Jamie Westcott ◽  
Puujee Jambal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Objectives Understanding the interactions between nutrition and climate-driven health outcomes is increasingly necessary. Employing data from the Women First trial conducted in Thatta, Pakistan, we examined the interactions between maternal nutritional deficits and heat stress (HS) on birth outcomes. Methods Women of child-bearing age either consumed a small quantity lipid-based nutrition supplement (sqLNS) prior to conception (Arm 1), from 12 wk of gestation until delivery (Arm 2); or were not supplemented with sqLNS (Arm 3). At the Pakistan site, samples sizes with birth outcomes obtained within 48 h of delivery for Arms 1, 2 and 3 were 157,150 and 138, respectively. Daily maximal air temperatures were used to were compute the average daily maximal temperatures (Tmax) for each infant over four 90-day windows representing each trimester of gestation and 3 mo preconception. The number of days in each period when the Tmax was &gt; 39°C was computed to assess ‘heat stress days’. Results Linear regression models assessing the associations between heat exposure and outcome variables (gestational age adjusted Z-scores of birth length (LGAZ), birth weight (WGAZ) and head circumference (HCGAZ) revealed a striking negative association of both ambient temperature and HS days in the first trimester on birth length (LGAZ) and head circumference (HCGAZ) (p &lt; 0.005). For each 5°C increase in the Tmax in the first trimester, LGAZ decreased by 0.15 z-scores and HCGAZ decreased by 0.11 z-scores. Heat exposure (Tmax) in the second trimester also associated with HCGAZ (p = 0.02 and z-score of −0.11 for every 5°C) but not with birth length or birth weight. RNA-sequencing of placenta indicated a robust association of 1st trimester HS with genes involved in protein targeting to ER, protein biosynthesis, and cytoplasmic translation. Finally, while non-intervention groups (Arms 2 and 3) showed a robust negative association of excessive HS with LGAZ (p &lt; 0.05), preconception intervention with sqLNS (Arm 1) significantly mitigated heat-associated decreases in birth length. Conclusions These findings indicate that excessive HS in the first trimester is associated with decreased linear growth in utero. Importantly, sqLNS mitigated growth restriction in newborns implicating nutritional status as a driving force in resilience to HS. Funding Sources Supported by The BMGF and NICHD.

Pregnancy & Oral Health and Dental Management in Pregnant Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vishal Thakur ◽  
Dr. Reetika Thakur ◽  
Dr. Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Dr. Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Dr. Atul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Exciting Time

Pregnancy is a unique, exciting time in a woman's life, and there are so many changes going on in human body during pregnancy and mouth is no exception , so good oral hygiene is extremely important during pregnancy . Usually oral health is often the most neglected form of health during all stages of life & the most important cause for this neglection is lack of awareness among people & this problems also increases when a lady is pregnant because of mis-perceptions and mis-leading information in the society or due to lack of knowledge. But the fact is during pregnancy many complex physiologic changes occur in the women’s body, which can adversely affect oral health and in turn those oral health problems may lead to pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth or low birth weight. Proper oral care is of utmost importance during pregnancy to avoid these complications. Avoiding foods that may cause oral problems, proper brushing and flossing and having dental consultations on a regular basis are steps to ensure good oral health during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Regulation of inflammation during gestation and birth outcomes: Inflammatory cytokine balance predicts birth weight and length

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. e23245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley B. Ragsdale ◽  
Christopher W. Kuzawa ◽  
Judith B. Borja ◽  
Josephine L. Avila ◽  
Thomas W. McDade
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Balance

scholarly journals Mass incarceration and public health: the association between black jail incarceration and adverse birth outcomes among black women in Louisiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Dyer ◽  
Rachel Hardeman ◽  
Dovile Vilda ◽  
Katherine Theall ◽  
Maeve Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence is beginning to highlight how mass incarceration shapes inequalities in population health. Non-Hispanic blacks are disproportionately affected by incarceration and criminal law enforcement, an enduring legacy of a racially-biased criminal justice system with broad health implications for black families and communities. Louisiana has consistently maintained one of the highest rates of black incarceration in the nation. Concurrently, large racial disparities in population health persist. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all births among non-Hispanic black women in Louisiana in 2014 to identify associations between parish-level (county equivalent) prevalence of jail incarceration within the black population and adverse birth outcomes (N = 23,954). We fit a log-Poisson model with generalized estimating equations to approximate the relative risk of preterm birth and low birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in incarceration, controlling for confounders. In sensitivity analyses, we additionally adjusted for the parish-level index crime prevalence and analyzed regression models wherein white incarceration was used to predict the risk of adverse birth outcomes in order to quantify the degree to which mass incarceration may harm health above and beyond living in a high crime area. Results There was a significant 3% higher risk of preterm birth among black women associated with an interquartile range increase in the parish-level incarceration prevalence of black individuals, independent of other factors. Adjusting for the prevalence of index crimes did not substantively change the results of the models. Conclusion Due to the positive significant associations between the prevalence of black individuals incarcerated in Louisiana jails and estimated risk of preterm birth, mass incarceration may be an underlying cause of the persistent inequities in reproductive health outcomes experienced by black women in Louisiana. Not only are there economic and social impacts stemming from mass incarceration, but there may also be implications for population health and health inequities, including the persistence of racial disparities in preterm birth and low birth weight.

scholarly journals The tepary bean genome provides insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Mafi Moghaddam ◽  
Atena Oladzad ◽  
Chushin Koh ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
John P. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis A. Gray), native to the Sonoran Desert, is highly adapted to heat and drought. It is a sister species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume protein source for direct human consumption, and whose production is threatened by climate change. Here, we report on the tepary genome including exploration of possible mechanisms for resilience to moderate heat stress and a reduced disease resistance gene repertoire, consistent with adaptation to arid and hot environments. Extensive collinearity and shared gene content among these Phaseolus species will facilitate engineering climate adaptation in common bean, a key food security crop, and accelerate tepary bean improvement.

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