scholarly journals The metodical approaches to analysis of sustainable regional development with a focus on agritourism

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Barbora Kysilková ◽  
Helena Pavlíčková
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

Economies in rural regions are characterised by a wide range of economic activities and that in 1990 even in the most rural regions of economically developed countries the agricultural sector accounted for less than 20% of regional labour force (OECD). Non-agricultural activities become dominant in rural regions. Among others, rural tourism and agri-tourism belong to the most frequent types of these activities in rural areas. However prerequisites and conditions for sustainable regional development and rural and agri-tourism differ between countries economy with long tradition of market economy and countries with transition economies. There are many factors behind this difference, when intensive character of agricultural production even in less favourite areas, which was typical for these areas in transition economies still a few years ago, is one of decisive.The article addresses the problem of evaluation of sustainable regional development and evaluation of rural and agritourism in the context of various world regions. The three dimensions of sustainable development, the environmental, the economic and the social dimension are equally important and should not be ranked or separated.Indicator systems and evaluation methods have the potential to play a significant role in the decision making process at a regional level. They can form the basic information that is necessary to allow strategic planning as well as informed participatory processes for the decision among different pathways into the future.

The Impact of Awareness Regarding Environmental Protection Laws on Ecological Degradation

2022 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Atul Bamrara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Global environmental troubles are gaining significance because of the speedy and antagonistic speed of urbanization. Environmental degradation restricts the flow of environmental services. Dumping of pollutants in excess of its assimilative capacity into air, water, and soil results in deterioration of the quality of these vital resources. The nature of environmental problem depends upon the level of economic development and the geographical condition of the area under consideration. India being a developing economy with a low per capita income, high population density, agriculture-dependent labour force, and high percentage of rural areas, the problems here are different from those in developed countries. The chapter highlights the impact of knowledge regarding environmental protection issues on environmental degradation.

Globalization and health: An empirical investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishalkumar J Jani ◽  
Nisarg A Joshi ◽  
Dhyani J Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
The Impact

This article empirically examines the impact of globalization on the health status of countries by using panel data. Unlike previous studies, it has attempted to use three different dimensions of globalization and estimate their impact on health status measured by infant mortality rate and life expectancy. It also introduces an initial level of development status as an explanatory variable and found that it has an important role. The fixed effects panel data analysis shows that globalization has a positive impact on the health indicators. Out of the three dimensions of globalization, namely, economic, social and political, the first one has the highest influence on health for the less developed countries. However, as one moves up the ladder of development, social dimension becomes more important. Moreover, the pace of improvement in health indicators is faster in developed countries, indicating a divergence between the developed and the underdeveloped world.

scholarly journals Trend of Rural Employment and Wages in Pakistan

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4II) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The Masses

Trends in rural employment and wages are important in a number of ways. For example, a steady growth of job opportunities is a precondition for productive employment of labour force under rapid growth of population. Rising real wages of the working class would be essential for incessant improvements ih the standard of living of the masses. Lack of sufficient employment opportunities in rural areas together with the consequent stagnating (even declining) wages may be a potential cause of mass movement of rural labour to urban areas and attendant formidable economy-wide problems. Similarly, aggregate growth rates of employment and wages in contrast with those in productive sectors have an important bearing on trends in income distribution and poverty. Rapid growth of population, predominance of rural sector and a general lack of studies on rural labour market conditions in less developed countries, including Pakistan, call for a study such as the present one, which explores the trends of rural employment and wages in Pakistan. The paper carries four sections. Section 1 surveys the present state of the rural labour market. Section 2 reports trends in rural employment and discusses the various factors underlying those trends. Employment situation being the basic determinant, wage trends, especially those in agriculture, are highlighted in Section 3. Section 4 summarises the findings of the study and in their light makes some policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Achieving flexible competence: bridging the investment dichotomy between infectious diseases and cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003252
Author(s):  
C Norman Coleman ◽  
Monique K Mansoura ◽  
Maria Julia Marinissen ◽  
Surbhi Grover ◽  
Manjit Dosanjh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Range

Today’s global health challenges in underserved communities include the growing burden of cancer and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs); infectious diseases (IDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential such as COVID-19; and health effects from catastrophic ‘all hazards’ disasters including natural, industrial or terrorist incidents. Healthcare disparities in low-income and middle-income countries and in some rural areas in developed countries make it a challenge to mitigate these health, socioeconomic and political consequences on our globalised society. As with IDs, cancer requires rapid intervention and its effective medical management and prevention encompasses the other major NCDs. Furthermore, the technology and clinical capability for cancer care enables management of NCDs and IDs. Global health initiatives that call for action to address IDs and cancer often focus on each problem separately, or consider cancer care only a downstream investment to primary care, missing opportunities to leverage investments that could support broader capacity-building. From our experience in health disparities, disaster preparedness, government policy and healthcare systems we have initiated an approach we call flex-competence which emphasises a systems approach from the outset of program building that integrates investment among IDs, cancer, NCDs and disaster preparedness to improve overall healthcare for the local community. This approach builds on trusted partnerships, multi-level strategies and a healthcare infrastructure providing surge capacities to more rapidly respond to and manage a wide range of changing public health threats.

scholarly journals Integral rural development: Toward a more harmonious regional development

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Radovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village ◽  
Active Policy

The paper discusses the integral rural development and its importance for the policy of a more balanced regional development. Highly emphasized regional disproportions in almost all domains, as well as the long-standing lagging behind in the development of village and agriculture, resulted in faltering and stagnation of total development of the country. Overcoming, this problem calls for application of a more complex model of developmental policy for the village and rural society, which demand a multidisciplinary approach. Active policy and promotion of integral rural development is not only in the interest of rural communities, but of the society as a whole. This implies that investment in a wide range of economic branches in rural areas is of vital importance for increasing the attractiveness of rural areas, encouragement of sustainable development and creation of new possibilities for employment, especially of young educated people who are ready and capable to accept the new philosophy of development of these areas. Although rural areas in Serbia observed as a whole are highly heterogeneous with respect to economic development, according to the basic parameters of development degree, they lag behind urban and industrial centers considerably, and much more attention should be devoted to this phenomenon in the future.

scholarly journals Working in Regional Agro-food Networks – Strengthening Rural Development through Cooperation

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Burandt ◽  
Friederike Lang ◽  
Regina Schrader ◽  
Anja Thiem
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Constellation Analysis ◽  
Food Networks ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
Gain Access

Abstract Regional agro-food networks have an impact on the development of rural regions. Networks give small and medium sized enterprises the opportunity to gain access to further markets (e.g. through offering a wider common product range), to conduct more effective marketing or to synergize the variety of skills and knowhow of the network partners. Networks of the agricultural and food economy are also seen as a chance for rural regions because they can positively influence social and cultural lives as well as the natural and economic areas in regions. We analysed regional networks of the agricultural and food economy, investigated the strengths and weaknesses in the structure of agro-food networks and developed options for action to strengthen the collaboration within the networks and their regional marketing. In our paper we present the results of one case study in Eastern Germany. We show our findings of a strengths and weaknesses analysis and a constellation analysis. Therefore, success factors were identified and used to evaluate the networks qualitatively. In addition, we discuss how regional networks can support regional marketing and sustainable regional development.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Tackle Youth Needs with Agricultural and Rural Development Policies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8410
Author(s):  
Alen Mujčinović ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić ◽  
Emelj Tuna ◽  
Ivana Janeska Stamenkovska ◽  
Vesela Radović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Regional Development Policies ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Employment Education

Rural youth are influenced by a wide range of uncertainties regarding their personal and professional development. Rural youth and in particular rural NEETs (Not in Employment, Education or Training) are especially vulnerable and face higher risks of labour market, social and economic exclusion. This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the dynamics of rural NEETs in three post-transitional countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Serbia) compared to the EU-28 average and to Ireland as an example of an established EU member state with over 50% of its population living in rural areas that can act as a benchmark for effective policy implementation to address challenges of marginalized youth, during the 2009–2019 period. The dynamics of rural NEET status and the efficiency/adaptability of regional development policies are revealed through analysis of macro and socioeconomic factors as well as specific employment-related indicators disaggregated by gender and degree of urbanisation. The comparative analysis indicates deficiencies in regional development policies among post-transitional countries and the potential to adapt modern European practices and policies for improving the rural NEETs’ position.

scholarly journals THE TOURISM AND INFRASTRUCTURE POTENTIAL OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN COUNTRYSIDE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Кицис ◽  
Vyacheslav Kitsis ◽  
Алина ВАВИЛОВА ◽  
Alina VAVILOVA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ecological Tourism

The article studies the reasons for the emergence of ecological tourism, while attention is drawn to the rather favorable ecological situation in rural areas. Considering the interest of urban residents in recreation in rural areas, the article considers the possibility of organizing ecotourism in terms of providing these territories with infrastructure facilities. The notions “tourist infrastructure” and “infrastructure potential” are disclosed, the peculiarities of the tourist infrastructure in rural areas are characterized and such an important element as the ecological infrastructure is singled out. The tourism and infrastructure potential is one of the components of the infrastructure potential. The authors propose the system of indicators for its evaluation. Among the main indicators of the tourism and infrastructure potential, the article considers collective accommodation facilities, public catering facilities, transport availability of the districts, the forest cover of the territory, the density of the river network, etc. The conclusion is that the tourist infrastructure is extremely unevenly distributed in the regions of Mordovia, which reduces the tourist and infrastructure potential of rural regions, their attractiveness for the organization of ecological tourism, even in the presence of favorable natural and other prerequisites. The results the cluster analysis is division of all the regions of the republic into 4 groups according to the level of the tourist-infrastructural potential: low (up to 10), medium (10.1 to 15.0), above average (15.1 to 20.0) and high (over 20). Based on the research results of the authors have designed a map, reflecting the level of the tourist-infrastructural potential of the districts. The tourist-infrastructure potential of the republic is not fully used. In many areas there is a wide range of potentially attractive tourist sites, but their use for tourism and recreational is impossible without the creating necessary infrastructure.

scholarly journals Informalisation of Women's Work: Consequence for Fertility and Child Schooling in Urban Pakistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Kazi ◽  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Piece Rate

Female employment is considered an important means of lowering fertility through ways such as raising the age at marriage, through influencing desired family size and also through better knowledge and use of contraceptives. Increasing female labour force participation is frequently recommended as a critical policy measure for reducing the birth rate. However the significant inverse relationship between employment and fertility found for developed countries is weak or absent in the case of developing countries [Rodriguez and Cleland (1980)]. More recent evidence indicates that it is not so much employment per se but type of employment which is a critical determinant of reproductive behaviour [United Nations (1985)]. It has been shown that while high status professional jobs are associated with greater influence on women's domestic autonomy and fertility, low paying jobs lead to an increasing burden of work with entirely different implications for fertility and other household related behaviour. In the context of Pakistan, despite two decades of industrial growth and development, official data sources show stagnant and low levels of female labour force participation rates (LFPR) in urban Pakistan. The LFPR for urban women ranged between 3 and 5 percent for the period between 1971 and 1988. Data collection methods of government agencies are known to greatly underestimate female labour force participation (FLFP) particularly in rural areas and in the urban informal sector where the distinction between productive and domestic activities tends to be ambivalent. Evidence from micro surveys indicates, on the contrary, an increasing influx of women in the urban labour market, particularly in the informal sector [Sathar and Kazi (1988); Shaheed and Mumtaz (1981); Bilquees and Hamid (1989)]. A large number are shown to be working in home-based piece-rate employment while domestic service mainly as sweepers, washerwomen, maids, etc.................................

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