scholarly journals The impact of small terrestrial mammals on beech (Fagus sylvatica) plantations in spruce monoculture

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboš Purchart ◽  
Josef Suchomel
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Impact

Little is known about the impact of small terrestrial mammals on forest regeneration as yet. In order to determine the level of small rodent impact on artificial forest regeneration, 508 saplings have been researched in a spruce monoculture in the Drahany Uplands. With the objective to hone the interpretation of the data, small terrestrial rodents were trapped to help determine species spectrum. The occurrence of Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus was verified. In 52 cases damage to the trunk caused by small rodents was monitored (10.1% of all saplings). 8 specimens (1.6%) had their branches nibbled and 9 saplings (1.8%) had tips of branches or trunk tops browsed. Browsing by Lepus europaeus – 423 (83.3%) of all damaged specimens was significant.

scholarly journals Blood meal analysis: host-feeding patterns of biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae, Culicoides Latreille) in Slovakia

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kasičová ◽  
Andrea Schreiberová ◽  
Andrea Kimáková ◽  
Alica Kočišová
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Culicoides Obsoletus ◽  
Blood Meal Analysis ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Blood Meals

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are vectors of important pathogens affecting domestic and wild animals and have played a major role in the re-emergence of new outbreaks of bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg (SBV) viruses in Europe. To determine vector-host specificity, trophic preference from blood meal analysis is of major importance in the surveillance of arthropod-borne diseases. Of 28,752 specimens collected, we identified 17 Culicoides species and investigated a total of 48 host sequences from the blood meals. Culicoides obsoletus/C. scoticus, C. dewulfi, C. pulicaris, C. lupicaris, C. punctatus, C. newsteadi, C. riethi, and C. furcillatus were found to feed on mammals (cattle, horses, and humans), birds (domestic chickens), small rodents (Apodemus flavicollis), and hares (Lepus europaeus). To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating trophic preferences of Culicoides spp. in Slovakia. This study demonstrated that Culicoides species are able to feed on domesticated host vertebrates as well as birds, rodents, and humans.

Postdispersal fruit and seed removal by forest-dwelling rodents in a lowland rainforest in Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR SÁNCHEZ-CORDERO ◽  
ROBERTO MARTÍNEZ-GALLARDO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Brosimum Alicastrum

This study examined whether postdispersal fruit and seed removal by terrestrial mammals of common plant species was affected by the type of item, item density (low, medium, high), and habitat (gap, mid-succession, mature). Fruits of Brosimum alicastrum and Ficus yoponensi (Moraceae), Astrocaryum mexicanum (Palmae), and Nectandra ambigens (Lauraceae), and seeds of Omphalea oleifera (Euphorbiaceae) and Cymbopetalum baillonii (Annonaceae) were tested at the Los Tuxtlas rainforest in Mexico. Item removal from 108 experimental patches (N = 2340 fruits or seeds for each plant species tested) after 5 d was lower for F. yoponensis (6.6%) than for N. ambigens (68.8%), B. alicastrum (67.8%), C. baillonii (64.0%) and A. mexicanum (60.0%). No seeds of O. oleifera were removed. A higher fruit or seed removal was observed from high density than low density food patches in A. mexicanum, C. baillonii and N. ambigens, but not in B. alicastrum and F. yoponensis. A higher fruit or seed removal was observed from food patches in mature forest than in gaps in all plant species tested. Similar removal values between open (open to all terrestrial mammals) and caged (open to small rodents) fruit and seed patches, abundant rodent live-trapping, and a scarcity of large terrestrial mammals, indicated that forest-dwelling small rodents were the main postdispersal removal agents. Differences in plant species seedling recruitment resulting from small rodent food choices can partially determine long-term forest floristic composition at the Los Tuxtlas rainforest.

Impact of seed and seedling predation by small rodents on early regeneration establishment of black spruce

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2362-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Côté ◽  
Jean Ferron ◽  
Réjean Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Seedling Predation ◽  
Early Regeneration ◽  
The Impact

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) postdispersal seed and juvenile seedling predation by small rodents (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner), Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigor), and Phenacomys intermedius (Merriam)) was assessed in three boreal habitats over a 2-year period using an extensive exclosure–control experiment. Small rodent relative abundance was measured during six periods using snap trapping. We found that seed and juvenile seedling predation by small rodents varied according to habitat type and over time. Indeed, seed predation was higher in spruce–moss forests than in other habitats, notably during the winter of 2002. During this period, seedling predation was higher in recent burns. This period of higher seed and juvenile seedling predation corresponded to an increase in small rodent abundance in our study area. We suggest that seeds and juvenile seedlings can become important food sources for small rodents during winter when fresh and succulent vegetation is rare, as shown by results of seed predation. The impact of small rodents on the early regeneration of black spruce in the eastern Canadian boreal forest is thus an important factor to consider to better understand the forest regeneration process in this particular biome. Rodents can have a major effect on regeneration following a burn and can also contribute to poor seedling establishment from natural seed rain under mature cover.

scholarly journals Influence of forest fragmentation on the distribution of small terrestrial mammals in fir-beech commercial forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lešo ◽  
A. Lešová ◽  
R. Kropil
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Commercial Forest ◽  
The Given

Differences in abundance and spatial distribution of small terrestrial mammals were compared between the forest interior and clearing. In total, seven micromammalian species were detected. Of them, only three species were captured within the forest interior, whereas six species were recorded on the clearing. Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus were dominant species. Another five species were recorded scarcely. Abundance of Apodemus flavicollis reached significantly (P < 0.001) the highest value in the forest interior. On the contrary, Clethrionomys glareolus was significantly (P < 0.001) attracted by the clearing. The distribution of two dominant rodent species probably reflected the high beechnut supply in the given period. The relationships between food supply and microhabitat preferences of Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus were discussed.    

scholarly journals Effect of tree seed crop on small mammal populations and communities in oak and beech forests in the Drahany Upland (Czech Republic) 

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čermák ◽  
J. Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Reproduction Period

In 2002 (year with poor seed crop) and 2003 (year with good seed crop), the trapping of small mammals was carried out into standard snap-traps on transects situated in the area of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise, U buku locality (the Drahany Upland). The trapping was carried out in both years once a month in the period of September&ndash;November, in two types of forest of the community Querci-fageta: in a stand dominated by oak and in a stand dominated by beech. In total, 146 individuals were recorded, out of them 142 rodents &ndash; Apodemus flavicollis <br />(81 individuals), Apodemus sylvaticus (32), Clethrionomys glareolus (29) and 4 individuals of insectivores &ndash; Sorex araneus. Apodemus flavicollis dominated in both types of stands. In the most numerous Apodemus flavicollis, body dimensions were compared between oak and beech stands; the differences were not significant. Species diversity (owing to the presence of Sorex araneus) is slightly higher in oak stands (diversity index H&lsquo; = 1.60) as compared with beech stands (H&lsquo; = 1.43). From the aspect of faunistic similarity, it is the case of very similar communities (Re = 97.3; I<sub>BC</sub> = 0.79). In all trapped individuals, basic body parameters were measured. In the oak forest, a higher total abundance was determined in all species as compared with the beech forest. Rodent populations responded to the poor crop of beechnuts and acorns in 2002 by a decline in numbers and to the good seed crop in 2003 by an increase in numbers (Apodemus spp.). Another response was the prolongation of reproduction period. In stomachs of the rodents caught in 2003 the percentage of starch granules of consumed food was superior to 2003.

scholarly journals Los micromamíferos (Eulipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia y Lagomorpha) del yacimiento del Pleistoceno Superior de la cueva de El Sidrón (Asturias)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 076 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sesé ◽  
M. De la Rasilla ◽  
E. Duarte Matías
Keyword(s):  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Chionomys Nivalis ◽  
Eliomys Quercinus ◽  
Rhinolophus Euryale ◽  
Península Ibérica

En el yacimiento del Pleistoceno Superior de la cueva de El Sidrón, con una datación de ~49.000 ka, conocido por sus numerosos restos fósiles de neandertales, se han recuperado restos de micromamíferos cuyo estudio detallado se realiza en este trabajo. La asociación determinada es la siguiente: Sorex araneus–Sorex coronatus, Neomys cf. fodiens, Talpa sp., Rhinolophus euryale-Rhinolophus mehelyi, Marmota cf. marmota, Eliomys quercinus, Glis glis, Arvicola terrestris, Chionomys nivalis, Microtus arvalis-Microtus agrestis, Microtus lusitanicus, Microtus oeconomus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus sylvaticus-Apodemus flavicollis y Oryctolagus cuniculus. Estos taxones están presentes en la fauna actual de Asturias y de la región cantábrica excepto Microtus oeconomus que desapareció de la península ibérica en tiempos históricos y actualmente está en regiones euroasiáticas más septentrionales. La fauna de micromamíferos en conjunto parece indicar un medio predominantemente de espacios abiertos, generalmente de praderas de cierta humedad y desarrollo de la vegetación a nivel del suelo, aunque también habría zonas boscosas o arboladas de cierta entidad y algún curso de agua. La presencia, aunque con pocos restos, de algunas especies termófilas, y la ausencia de especies indicadores de clima frío, parecen indicar que el clima durante la formación de los depósitos fosilíferos del yacimiento sería relativamente templado y húmedo, probablemente similar al actual de la zona.

scholarly journals Rodent species in urban cemeteries of Chisinau city, Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Caraman ◽  
◽  
Galina Tikhonova ◽  
Igori Tikhonov ◽  
Elena Kotenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Microtus Rossiaemeridionalis

The research has been conducted in 3 biggest cemeteries of Chisinau city: Central (“Armenian”), “Saint Lazarus” (“Doina”) and Jewish. We found 9 species of small mammals (7 species of rodents and 2 shrews). Species of rodents were Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus and 2 shrew species – Sorex araneus and Crocidura suaveolens. A.sylvaticus was dominant species, followed by M. rossiaemeridionalis and A. flavicollis.

scholarly journals Small Mammal Community of Forest Stands in Drahanská vrchovina Upland (Czech Republic)

Beskydy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Čepelka ◽  
Luboš Purchart ◽  
Josef Suchomel
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
Southern Moravia

In the years 2006–2011 was studied community of small terrestrial mammals in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. There were compared four stands of different age and tree species composition (30 years old spruce stand; 105 years old spruce forest; 125 years old mixed stand, and 40 years old beech stand). Totally 276 individuals of small terrestrial mammals were trapped and analyzed. The vast majority of cases were Apodemus flavicollis (163), Clethrionomys glareolus (81 specimen), and Apodemus sylvaticus (28). Besides previous species has been confirmed Sorex araneus (2) and Microtus arvalis (1). At all sites the most numerous species was A. flavicollis. Changes in species abundance were synchronized not only among themselves, but also in comparison to southern Moravia. The smallest amplitude and thus the smallest variation showed a population of mammals in old mixed forest. The highest population densities were found in younger spruce stand. The highest biodiversity according to all aspects except the number of species has been found among spruce stands.

scholarly journals A pheasantry as the habitat of small terrestrial mammals (Rodentia, Insectivora) in southern Moravia (Czech Republic)

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
J. Suchomel ◽  
M. Heroldová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Interesting Species

Communities of small terrestrial mammals were studied in the specific environment of two pheasantries in southern Moravia with different intensity of pheasant management and different diversity of biotopes (RB &minus; intensive pheasantry, HJ &minus; extensive pheasantry). In total, ten species from the order Rodentia and Insectivora were found there in 2002&minus;2005. The rodents <i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>, <i>A. sylvaticus</i> and <i>Clethrionomys glareolus</i> dominated in these habitats. On the other hand, the populations of insectivores were very low, <i>Crocidura leucodon</i> and <i>C. suaveolens</i> being interesting species. RB with the higher variety of biotopes showed significantly higher diversity (<i>P</i> < 0.05) of small mammals (<i>H</i>&prime; = 1.284, ten species determined) than HJ (<i>H</i>&prime; = 1.112, five species determined). The higher intensity of management (the amount of chickens released per unit area and the amount of served food) in RB compared to HJ was not reflected in the relative abundance of the community of small terrestrial mammals (<i>rA</i> in RB = 11.82, in HJ = 11.85) nor in their evenness (<i>E</i>). The probability of difference was <i>P</i> > 0.05. A difference in the diversity of compared communities was conditioned by different diversity of biotopes.

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 5503-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alhasaniah ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt ◽  
Catherine A. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Impact

A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.

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