scholarly journals Comparison of breeding methods for forage yield in red clover

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Libor Jalůvka ◽  
Vítězslav Dostál ◽  
V. Meyer ◽  
B. Bayle ◽  
F. Lapage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Group B ◽  
Late Group

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared. Three types of 46 candivars1, developed by A) recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B) polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C) ge­no-phe­no­ty­pic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was ave­ra­ge yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

scholarly journals Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

Breeding red clover for improved persistence in Chile: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ortega ◽  
Leonardo Parra ◽  
Andrés Quiroz
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Breeding Methodology

The main limitation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) worldwide including in Chile is the lack of persistence related to the high mortality of plants due to a complex of biotic and abiotic factors. We have demonstrated in various trials in Chile that red clover plant population is highly correlated with forage yield once the plant population has dropped to a certain level, from the second or third season onward, depending on the environment of evaluation. We have also found that in the south of Chile, among the biotic and abiotic factors affecting red clover survival, the curculionid Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham) is the main deleterious factor. However, because persistence is a complex trait, we have used a practical approach in our breeding program. We selected for general adaptability under field conditions and used a modified among and within half-family selection methodology, evaluating at the same time families as swards and spaced plants. This breeding methodology and strategy have yielded reasonable genetic gains since we started our breeding program in 1989 at INIA Carillanca, Chile. Since then, we have conducted five cycles of recurrent selection, and two cultivars have been released to replace the old cultivar, Quiñequeli INIA. These are Redqueli INIA and, more recently, Superqueli INIA. Depending on location and trial, average forage yield of the newest cultivar Superqueli INIA has been 23–69% higher than Quiñequeli INIA and 5–36% higher than Redqueli INIA; this difference increases in the third and fourth seasons. Superqueli INIA had four times the yield of Quiñequeli INIA in the fourth season. Therefore, the average realised genetic gain has been 0.4–2.6% per year, depending on location, showing the effectiveness of the breeding methodology and approach used.

A comparison of silages made from red clover/grass, white clover/grass and high nitrogen grass swards for beef production

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stewart ◽  
I. I. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grass Sward

ABSTRACTSilage cut twice annually (June and August) from a tetraploid red clover/grass sward and three times annually (May, July and September) from a low nitrogen (N) and high N perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was fed in proportion to dry-matter yield from each cut, over a 10-week period, each winter for 3 years to castrated male cattle of initial live weight 401 kg in year 1 and 425 kg in years 2 and 3. The silages were supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg concentrate per head daily.Total dry-matter yield from the red clover/grass sward was similar to that from the perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (high N grass) receiving 360 kg N per ha but the digestibility, particularly of first cut material was much lower. Dry-matter production of the low N grass/white clover sward was 0·73 of high N grass sward and produced silages of similar digestibility and fermentation.Dry-matter intakes by the cattle were higher on the legume-based silages in years when clover made a worthwhile contribution to total yield, but this did not significantly improve utilization or animal performance compared with high N grass silage. Mean daily carcass gain per head on red clover/grass silage was 0·41 kg which was significantly less than the 0·61 kg on white clover/grass silage and 0·59 on high N grass (P < 0·001). Carcass output from red clover/grass silage was 618 kg/ha and 629 kg/ha from white clover/grass, both of which were significantly less than the 863 kg/ha from the high N grass silage (P < 0·001). Dressing proportion was also significantly poorer in animals fed red clover/grass silage compared with the other silage types.

Yield Performance and Content of Selected Organic Compounds in Trifolium pratense Treated with Various Biostimulants against the Background of Nitrogen Fertilisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Godlewska ◽  
G. A. Ciepiela
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Application Rate

The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of biostimulants of various origins and nitrogen regime on yield performance, chlorophyll content, protein content and soluble carbohydrate in red clover. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized subblock design (split-plot) in Poland in August 2013. The following factors were examined: type of biostimulant; nitrogen application rate: 0 (control) and 30 kg. ha-1. Biostimulants significantly increased red clover biomass yields. All the examined biostimulants contributed to an increase in the amount of organic components in red clover dry matter. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 30 kg. ha-1 significantly increased red clover yield, chlorophyll content in red clover leaves and protein compounds but it also significantly reduced soluble carbohydrates in the dry matter of test plants.

Single-cut red clover combined with late timothy may be valuable in short-term rotations

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
G. Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Short Term

Late-maturing cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) may be grown in short-term rotations with other crops and harvested for hay and silage. Harvesting forage in mid-summer is often advantageous for field curing, but the quality of mature forage may be low. We studied how harvests at different developmental stages affected yield, composition of herbage, and species persistence. The late-maturing single-cut red clover cultivar Altaswede and late timothy cultivar Farol were grown alone and in combination with and without applied N. Total forage, and red clover and timothy dry matter yields, increased between the first (27 June) and third (11 July) dates of harvest. Timothy grown alone or combined with red clover and fertilized with N produced greater forage yields than red clover alone or red clover + timothy without applied N. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter declined from 670 to 625 g kg−1 and crude protein from 134 to 109 g kg−1 between 27 June and 11 July. Water soluble carbohydrates in forage were low (36–66 g kg−1) in cuts 1 and 2. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were generally highest at the first date of harvest on 27 June. Nutrient concentrations in cut 2 were similar for the three harvest schedules. We conclude that growing late-maturing single-cut red clover combined with late timothy produced high yields with good nutritional quality even at advanced stages of maturity. Single-cut red clover persisted for the first production year making this combination suited for short-term rotations that involve late harvesting of the primary growth. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense, timothy, Phleum pratense, composition

CULTIVAR-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN RED CLOVER

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. CHOO ◽  
N. N. COULSON ◽  
J. E. LANGILLE ◽  
A. F. RAYMENT ◽  
J. S. BUBAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Interaction Variance

The performance of nine double-cut and three single-cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars was studied at five locations in Atlantic Canada. The single-cut clovers survived relatively well at all locations while the double-cut clovers did not survive well at one location during the first winter. An analysis of data for total dry-matter yield from five environments, i.e., location-year combinations, showed that the single-cut clovers outyielded the double-cut clovers in Newfoundland but yielded lower at the other locations. Among the double-cut cultivars, Florex, Lakeland, Tapiopoly, and Violetta were found to be desirable cultivars because they had a high mean yield and did not yield lower than the population average at any of the five environments. A large cultivar-environment interaction variance was detected for the double-cut cultivars; therefore, at least 15 test environments are required in future trials in order to detect a yield difference of 6% by multiple comparison procedures.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., stability

scholarly journals Dry-matter and Nitrogen Yields of Legumes Interseeded into Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Guldan ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
Jose Cueto-Wong ◽  
Robert L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

Five legumes [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaerth.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)] were interseeded into sweet corn (Zea mays L.) at last cultivation when sweet corn was at about the V9 (early) or blister (late) stage. The effect of legume interseeding on sweet corn yield, and late-season dry-matter and N yields of aboveground portions of the legumes was determined. Sweet corn yield was not affected by legume interseeding. In 1993, legume dry-matter yields were 1420 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 852 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. Nitrogen yields were 49 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 33 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1994, dry-matter yields were 2760 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 1600 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. Nitrogen yields were 83 kg·ha–1 interseeded early and 50 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1993, barrel medic was the highest-yielding legume with dry matter at 2420 kg·ha–1 and N at 72 kg·ha–1 interseeded early, while red clover yielded the lowest with dry matter at 340 kg·ha–1 and N at 12 kg·ha–1 interseeded late. In 1994, dry-matter and N yields ranged from 4500 and 131 kg·ha–1, respectively, for early interseeded barrel medic to 594 kg·ha–1 and 16 kg·ha–1, respectively, for late interseeded red clover.

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on seed and dry matter yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Rade Barac ◽  
Gojko Duronic ◽  
Djura Karagic ◽  
Sanja Vasiljevic ◽  
Branko Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
R. Strbanovic ◽  
D. Terzic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

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