scholarly journals Comparative advantages of the Czech agrarian foreign trade in relation to the EU and third countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Eu

The Czech agrarian trade represents a variable which has been developing in a very dynamic manner over time. In the time period of 2000–2010 alone, the value of its turnover grew up from about USD 2.7 billion to about USD 11.4 billion. In the course of time, the Czech agrarian foreign trade has gradually adjusted its territorial as well as commodity structure. As regards the importance of trading partners, Member States of the European Union have unequivocally come to the fore. Accession of CR to the EU has also left its marks on the existing form of the commodity structure of realized exports and imports alike, while especially the export structure has still been shaping in a significant manner. The paper deals with issues related to development of the Czech agrarian foreign trade with the aim to identify its comparative advantages in the area of the commodity and territorial structure both in relation to the global market (the market of third countries outside the EU) and in relation to the EU27 countries. Following are the outcomes of the paper conclusions. Although the Czech agrarian trade as the whole does not have any comparative advantages both with respect to the market of the EU27 countries and with respect to third countries (the global market), its individual aggregations are able to win through and gain comparative advantages, especially with respect to individual Member States of the EU. In this respect, it is worth mentioning that in 2010, 190 (i.e. nearly one half) out of 390 studied export flows realized to 26 Member States of the EU were competitive. The comparative advantages are more or less evenly distributed among the new and old Member States of the EU. As regards third countries, it may be stated that the Czech agrarian export has comparative advantages only to a significantly limited scope.

scholarly journals Czech foreign agricultural trade after joining the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bašek ◽  
J. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Eu

The objective of the paper is to assess how the Czech agricultural sector has withstood keen competition in the EU single market as measured by the basic indicators of foreign trade exchange. The impacts expressed by the indicators of active and/or adverse balance of trade were monitored for the post-accession period (the average of the years 2005–2007) in comparison with the pre-accession period (the average of the years 2001–2003). The assessment of the impacts of the accession to the EU is based on an analysis of the commodity and territorial structure of Czech agricultural foreign trade. The comparison of agricultural balance before and after the accession to the EU for our major trading partners shows that the active balance of the CR with Slovakia increased to 12.0 billion CZK per year; on the contrary, in relation to Poland, the trade deficit of 6.4 billion CZK per year was recorded while Germany strengthened its position in relation to the CR by an increase in the negative balance to 5.4 billion CZK and in relation to Austria, our adverse balance is maintained at the level of 1.1 to 1.2 billion CZK per year for a long time. After the accession to the EU, it was confirmed that the former EU 15 countries took a greater advantage of the customs union enlargement in the framework of the EU 27.

scholarly journals The European Union's policy on human rights and Chinese sovereignism: The case of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-86
Author(s):  
Dragan Trailovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The One ◽  
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
The Eu

The article explores the European Union's approach to human rights issues in China through the processes of bilateral and multilateral dialogue on human rights between the EU and the People's Republic of China, on the one hand. On the other hand, the paper deals with the analysis of the EU's human rights policy in the specific case of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, which is examined through normative and political activities of the EU, its institutions and individual member states. Besides, the paper examines China's response to the European Union's human rights approaches, in general, but also when it comes to the specific case of UAR Xinjiang. ?his is done through a review of China's discourse and behaviour within the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue framework, but also at the UN level and within the framework of bilateral relations with individual member states. The paper aims to show whether and how the characteristics of the EU's general approach to human rights in China are reflected in the individual case of Xinjiang. Particular attention shall be given to the differentiation of member states in terms of their approach to human rights issues in China, which is conditioned by the discrepancy between their political values, normative interests and ideational factors, on the one hand, and material factors and economic interests, on the other. Also, the paper aims to show the important features of the different views of the European Union and the Chinese state on the very role of Human Rights Dialogue, as well as their different understandings of the concept of human rights itself. The study concluded that the characteristics of the Union's general approach to human rights in China, as well as the different perceptions of human rights issues between China and the EU, were manifested in the same way in the case of UAR Xinjiang.

scholarly journals Drivers of the duration of comparative advantage in the European Union’s agri-food exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

The article investigates the duration of comparative advantage indices in the European Union (EU-27) agri-food exports using the normalised revealed comparative advantage index on the global market. There is employed both a descriptive analysis of the duration of comparative advantage, and examined the major drivers using discrete-time duration models with proper controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The robustness of the models is tested with alternative estimation procedures and sub-samples. Estimations show that the comparative advantages for most agri-food products survived for a certain number of years, but a high percentage of them have a shorter duration. Larger trade costs decrease the probability of survival in comparative advantages, while the level of economic development, the size of the country, the agri-food export diversification, and being a new EU member state increases it. Implications for the EU-27 member states and agri-food policies are suggested in the conclusion.

External Aspects of the European Union´s Competitiveness

2018 ◽  
pp. 180-208
Author(s):  
Lenka Fojtíková ◽  
Michaela Staníčková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
National Performance ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The Eu

This chapter deals with application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to multicriteria performance evaluation of the European Union' (EU) Member States in the reference period 2000-2015. The productivity of the EU countries can be seen as the source of national performance and subsequent international competitiveness. International trade, as a major factor of openness, has an increasingly significant contribution to economic growth and thus for competitiveness. The aim of the chapter is to analyse level of productive potential achieved by the EU Member States. The results confirm the heterogeneity that exists among the EU Member States as well as in the trade area. While the calculations show that productivity growth of foreign trade was significant in the case of the entire EU, but the significance of productivity in foreign trade was not the same in the case of individual countries.

Migration, Social Protection, and the (Re)Production of Inequalities in the European Union

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Thomas Faist
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transnational Social Space ◽  
The Eu

Europe, and the European Union in particular, can be conceived as a transnational social space with a high degree of transactions across borders of member states. The question is how efforts to provide social protection for cross-border migrants in the EU reinforce existing inequalities (e.g. between regions or within households), and lead to new types of inequalities (e.g. stratification of labour markets). Social protection in the EU falls predominantly under the purview of individual member states; hence, frictions between different state-operated protection systems and social protection in small groups are particularly apparent in the case of cross-border flows of people and resources. Chapter 5 examines in detail the general social mechanisms operative in cross-border forms of social protection, in particular, exclusion, opportunity hoarding, hierarchization, and exploitation, and also more concrete mechanisms which need to be constructed bottom-up.

Politics in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Bache ◽  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

Politics in the European Union examines the theory, history, institutions, and policies of the European Union. The EU is a unique, complex, and ever-changing political entity which continues to shape both international politics and the politics of its individual member states. The text provides a clear analysis of the organization and presents a well-rounded introduction to the subject. Complete and detailed in its coverage, with a consolidated and updated history section, this text weaves together material on key contemporary concerns including the eurozone crisis and the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon with a thorough consideration of the workings and remit of the EU.

scholarly journals Export competitiveness of the European Union in fruit and vegetable products in the global markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Member States ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage Index ◽  
The Eu

The research provides evidence on the fruit and vegetable products export competitiveness of the European Union (EU-27) member states in the global markets. The revealed comparative advantage index is used to analyse the levels and compositions in the export competitiveness by differentiated fruit and vegetable products. Most of the EU-27 member states experienced revealed comparative disadvantages in the fruit and vegetable products in the global markets. Spain and the Netherlands experienced the most robust results of the revealed comparative advantages between 2000 and 2011 and among fruit and vegetable groups of products. Most other of the EU-27 member states with the comparative export advantages in fruit and vegetable products specialized in a certain segment or niche fruit and vegetable products.

scholarly journals Clasters and Correlations among the Eu Member States Regarding Agri-Food Foreign Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Nóra Gombkötő
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The European Union has a significant role in international trade but this is largely in the area of industrial goods. However, in the case of some agricultural commodities the EU applies tariffs, bans, or different restrictive measures; it manages foreign trade in agricultural goods with many countries all over the world. On the other hand the member states do not contribute to the total trade of the EU to the same extent. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed in relation to the member states by means of data of Eurostat and Faostat. First, a multivariable correlation analysis was carried out in order to find the interrelation between the trade features of each country. In the second part of the study, a cluster analysis was carried out with almost the same component as in the foregoing, also in terms of the EU member states. It can be ascertained that the date of EU accession of a Member State as well as getting EU agricultural subsidies do not affect the agricultural foreign trade of the member states. Countries with significant agricultural production also export food commodities in larger quantities. Countries that have significant exports extra-EU also have larger imports in the case of both basic commodities and prepared food as well. As a result of the cluster analysis, it can be stated that the member states can be divided into specific groups according to the three examined aspects (food trade features, exports of commodities, imports of commodities). The following typical country groups can be divided as follows: non-trade countries, countries with larger trade extra-EU, agri-food exporter and importer countries, non-agri-food exporter and importer countries, primary commodity exporters and importers, and last but not least processed food exporters and importers as well. JEL Classification: F10

scholarly journals Influence of the EU enlargement on the agrarian foreign trade development in member states

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Member States ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyses the development of agrarian foreign trade of the EC/EU states in the period 1961–2006. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the influence of the EC/EU member base enlargement on the development of the value and territorial structure of the Community agrarian trade. Additionally, the paper analyses the impacts of the accession of the particular countries on their own and the total agrarian trade of the Community with the aim to clarify the development trends which preceded the accession to the EC/EU and which subsequently appear after the accession of the given state to the Community. Development trends recorded in the case of all joined countries in the period 1973–2006 are compared and in the final part of the paper, the impacts of the enlargement of the EC/EU on the development of internal (intra) and external (extra) trade are summarised.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF LEGAL LIABILITY OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN THE EU MEMBER STATES

Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
A. Korotkih
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Service Legislation ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the disclosure in general of the features of the legal regulation of the legal liability of civil servants in individual Member States of the European Union, namely in France, Italy, Spain and Romania. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the states under consideration, the civil liability of civil servants is regulated: at the same time by general (labor) and special (on public service) legislation; exclusively by administrative and civil law, namely in the states in which the relevant subjects are not traditionally regarded as subjects of labor law. In the conclusions, the author formulates the final thought about the prospect of Ukraine's borrowing from the experience of regulating the legal liability of civil servants in the EU Member States.

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