scholarly journals Characterisation of actinomycetes community from the heavy metals polluted soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Vítězová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Test Organisms

The isolation of actinomycetes was performed from soil samples influenced by car-traffic. The acute toxicity of soil leaches was tested by the help of Microtox®bioassay testing system which uses freeze dried luminescent bacteriaPhotobacterium phosphoreumas the test organisms. The content of heavy metals in biomass of soil microorganisms and in whole soil samples was determinate. 115 strains of actinomycetes were isolated and their total numbers in soil samples were estimated. The acute toxicity of soil influenced the total numbers of actinomycetes. By the help of DNA-DNA reassociation procedure the generic diversity of bacteria was estimated. The identification and differentiation of streptomycetes from the total isolated actinomycetes was made using specific morphological criteria and the gas chromatography-fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis. FAME method is adequate only for differentiation of members of genusStreptomycesfrom other actinomycetes because of their characteristical profile of fatty acids.

Study of toxicity of pesticides using luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kahru ◽  
K. Tomson ◽  
T. Pall ◽  
I. Külm
Keyword(s):  
Light Output ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The relative toxicity (expressed as 5-min EC50 value - the concentration of chemical which reduces the light output of bacteria by 50% after contact for 5 minutes) of 13 pesticides (e.g., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, coumarin, glyphosate, paraquat, pentachlorophenol, lindane, malathion) and 14 solvents was evaluated using BiotoxTM test that is based on reconstituted freeze-dried viable Photobacterium phosphoreum. The most toxic of the 13 pesticides analyzed using BiotoxTM was pentachlorophenol (5-min EC50=0.55 mg/L) and the less toxic was paraquat (5-min EC50=14800 mg/L). The 5-min EC50 data for BiotoxTM were compared to the respective data for MicrotoxTM test (also based on freeze-dried P. phosphoreum) and rodent oral LD50 values. For BiotoxTMvs MicrotoxTM the log-log correlation coefficients for the whole data set (pesticides+solvents, pesticides, solvents) were 078, 0.37 and 0.95, respectively. The less toxic solvents to BiotoxTM were ethylene glycol, DMSO, methanol, ethanol, acetone and acetonitrile and, therefore, these solvents could be used for increasing the solubility of lipophilic compounds, e.g., for testing the toxicity of pesticides. In order to analyze toxic effects of pesticides in complex mixtures the EC50 values of pentachlorophenol, coumarin and glyphosate as pure substances and in their mixtures were compared: the toxic effects of the above-mentioned pesticides in their mixtures were not additive.

In Vitro Toxicity Testing Using Marine Luminescent Bacteria (Photobacterium phosphoreum): the Biotox™ test

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kahru
Keyword(s):  
Light Output ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Test System ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Light Loss

Marine luminescent bacteria emit light naturally when they are in an optimal environment. If harmful substances are present, their bioluminescence decreases, and the amount of light loss is proportional to the toxicity. In this paper, a new short-term toxicity test system, Biotox™, based on freeze-dried Photobacterium phosphoreum, is assessed. Concentration-effect curves for 25 laboratory chemicals were measured, and EC50 values (the concentrations of chemical, μg/ml, which reduce the light output of bacteria by 50% after being in contact with bacteria over a certain time period) were calculated. The sensitivity of the Biotox™ test to hydrophilic compounds was approximately two times greater than the sensitivity of the Microtox™ test. However, the sensitivity of the Biotox™ test to hydrophobic compounds was shown to be 2–4 times lower than the sensitivity of the Microtox™ test. The Biotox™ test was especially sensitive to As5+, giving an EC50 value of 0.04μg/ml, compared with 1.5μg/ml in the Microtox™ assay.

The toxicity evaluation of wastewater from the chemical industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tišler ◽  
J. Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Test Organisms

The purpose of our investigation was the acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of the wastewater from the chemical industry, while the previous study had indicated high toxicity of the receiving streams far away from the point of wastewater inflow. The luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum and invertebrate Daphnia magna were used for toxicity tests. The results of the toxicity tests showed that the investigated wastewater contained toxic substances, which caused acute and chronic toxicity to test organisms. Daphnia magna were more sensitive than Photobacterium phosphoreum. The acute toxicity of the wastewater on daphnids disappeared after dilution to 1:420, but the chronic toxicity did not disappear earlier than 1:1350.

Photobacterium phosphoreum Toxicity Data Index

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser ◽  
Virginia S. Palabrica
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria Bioassay ◽  
Chemical Abstracts Service

Abstract This toxicity data index gives a compilation of some 1350 acute toxicity data of individual organic compounds for the luminescent marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum, commonly known as Microtox™ test. The index contains 5-min, 15-min and 30-min toxicity data in both logarithmic (log (L/mmol) and non-logarithmic (mg/L) formats for approximately 1300 chemicals sorted by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) accession numbers. In addition to the toxicity data, this index reviews correlations of the luminescent bacteria toxicity test data with a multitude of other acute toxicity tests on aquatic and terrestrial species, with emphasis on the 96-hr acute lethality data of 200 individual chemicals to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). A high collinearity between these two tests is demonstrated over nearly ten orders of magnitude in toxicity variation as expressed on a molar basis for compounds acting with several known toxicity mechanisms. These results indicate the usefulness of the luminescent bacteria bioassay as a simple, fast and comparatively inexpensive alternative to in-vivo bioassays with higher organisms.

Cultivation-dependent characterization of bacterial diversity from British Columbia forest soils subjected to disturbance

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
Monica L Chow ◽  
Clarke S Arnold ◽  
Karen Lu ◽  
Joseph M McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree

Bacteria from forest surface organic matter and mineral soil horizons were cultivated using four methods and characterized by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Soil samples from a British Columbia Ministry of Forests Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) installation were collected during winter and summer from two disturbance treatments (whole-tree harvesting with no soil compaction (plot N) and whole-tree harvesting plus complete surface organic matter removal with heavy soil compaction (plot S)) and from an unlogged reference plot (REF). Seventy-five percent of 1795 bacterial isolates were affiliated with 42 genera representing β- and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, the Bacillus/Clostridium group, and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group. Approximately half of the culture collection represented genetic diversity confined to four bacterial genera: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Arthrobacter. A significantly higher proportion of bacterial isolates belonging to Actinobacteria, and the member genus Arthrobacter, were isolated from plot S soil samples compared with soil samples from plots N and REF. Twenty-five percent of bacterial isolates were not conclusively identified to genus with FAME analysis. MIDI Tracker cluster analysis and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis enabled classification of a subset of these isolates.Key words: bacterial diversity, fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME), forest soil.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Effects of Wastewater Sludge Topdressing on Color, Quality, and Clipping Yield of a Turfgrass Mixture

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Bilgili ◽  
F. Olcay Topac-Sagban ◽  
Irfan Surer ◽  
Nejla Caliskan ◽  
Pervin Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Sludge Application

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the rate and timing of the application of sun-dried wastewater sludge from a food processing company's wastewater system on turfgrass growth and quality. The results were compared with those obtained with ammonium nitrate, and changes in the concentration of heavy metals and the presence of fecal coliform in turf soils after sun-dried wastewater sludge application were determined. The rate and the timing of sun-dried wastewater sludge and ammonium nitrate applications affected the turf color, quality, and clipping yield. Monthly fertilization resulted in a more uniform color and turf quality than infrequent spring and fall fertilization. Compared with the background values of base soils, heavy metals did not accumulate in sun-dried wastewater sludge-amended soils over the test period. Fecal coliform was not detected in sludge-amended soil samples, indicating that bacteria regrowth did not occur during the study period.

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