scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Application on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Roots Under Long‑Term Drought Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1622
Author(s):  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Jaroslav Záhora ◽  
Helena Dvořáčková
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Lower Production

The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of applying biochar and activated carbon on winter wheat affected by drought in model laboratory conditions. Cultivation tests of the soil‑microorganisms‑plant (winter wheat) system were focused on understanding the interactions between microbial soil communities and experimental plants in response to specific cultivation measures, in combination with the modelled effect of drought. The containers were formed as a split‑root rhizotron. In this container experiment, the root system of one and the same plant was divided into two separate compartments where into one half, biochar or activated carbon has been added. The other half without additives was a control. Plants favoured the formation of the root system in the treated part of the container under both drought and irrigation modes. In drought mode there was lower production of CO2, lower overall length and surface of the roots of winter wheat compared to variants in irrigation mode. The application of biochar and activated carbon, therefore, supported the colonization of roots by mycorrhiza in general. The Scientific merit of this paper was to investigate the possibility of mitigating the effects of a long‑term drought on winter wheat through the application of biochar or the application of activated carbon.

The relationship of LT50 to prolonged freezing survival in winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Z. Skinner ◽  
K. A. Garland-Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Twenty-six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines were tested for their ability to withstand remaining frozen for extended periods of time. Survival of acclimated seedlings was evaluated after remaining frozen at -5°C for 15 or 20 wk. Survival after 15 wk ranged from 0 to 100% and after 20 wk ranged from 0 to 33%. The relationship of survival and LT50 scores, the temperatures at which 50% of the plants were predicted to die, was examined with linear regression analysis. The linear relationship was highly statistically significant after 15 wk and after 20 wk. The cultivars Norstar and Froid survived being frozen for 20 wk nearly twice as well as the other cultivars; about 33% vs. 17% for the next best cultivar. These results indicated that the LT50 score, which can be estimated in about 8 wk, reliably predicts the ability to survive in the frozen state for as long as 20 wk, and that Norstar and Froid possess a long-term freezing tolerance mechanism that is far superior to the other cultivars tested. Key words: Winter wheat, freezing tolerance, freezing injury

scholarly journals Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seasonal Irrigation Amount, Evapotranspiration, Yield, and Water Productivity under Semiarid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Michael O’Neill ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Daniel Smeal ◽  
Margaret West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Semiarid Climate ◽  
Seasonal Irrigation

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

scholarly journals The effect of NPK treatments on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Zita Burján ◽  
Mariann Móré ◽  
Xénia Czakóné Vágó ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Set Up

In this study the effect of N, P and K nutrients on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains was investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment set up in Nagyhörcsök. Samples were also harvested from four experimental stations of the Hungarian national long-term fertilization trials. These are the following: Bicsérd, Iregszemcse, Karcag, and Putnok. Plant samples were collected in 2005 which was very wet. Our results from Nagyhörcsök were compared with the Cu and Fe content of samples which were harvested from control plots of other experimental stations. The Cu and Fe content of grain samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) followed by digestion with HNO3-H2O2 solution. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and when significant differences (P<0.05) were detected, Duncan’s test was performed to allow separation of means. The main conclusions are as follows: Cu and Fe content of wheat grains was higher and higher in every NPK treatments. Samples were harvested from the control plots of Iregszemcse and Bicsérd have higher Cu content than the treated samples from Nagyhörcsök.

Changes in soil - plant P under heterogeneous P supply influence C allocation between the shoot and roots

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Jairo Palta
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
P Supply

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) were subjected to varying phosphorus (P) supply and canopy 13CO2 feeding to uncouple the plant and soil factors regulating carbon (C) allocation between the shoot and roots and in the P-enriched v. P-deficient soil zone. In a split-root system, transferring from 200/200 µM P (high/high) to high/nil P or nil/nil P for 7 days was associated with 18–30% increase in the ratio of root-to-total 13C, whereas 8–12% more 13C was retained in the shoot of plants grown under continuous high/high P. Although the C signal between the shoot and roots weakened at day 12, it closely correlated with root P acquisition at both days. In a non-split-root system, plants supplied with 200 μm P (high) for 7 and 12 days had a lower ratio of root-to-total 13C than plants with continuous 20 μm P (low). Preferential C allocation and increased P acquisition occurred before any measurable growth difference. Shoot P status had a greater influence than soil P supply on plant C allocation, and rapid C signalling between the shoot and roots might serve as an important component of plant response to heterogeneous P conditions.

COMPARISON OF SORGHUM WITH WHEAT AND BARLEY GROWN ON DRYLAND

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench ’Pride P130’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’) were harvested at 1-wk intervals on dryland at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1976 and 1977 and separated into leaves, stems, heads, and seed. Whole-plant yields were higher in 1976 than in 1977 and sorghum whole-plant yields were higher than barley or wheat in both years. Sorghum grain yields were similar to those of barley, but were greater than those of wheat. Although sorghum is about 40 days later maturing than barley or wheat, its whole-plant and filling-period durations were not very different from the other two crops. Sorghum used water more efficiently than wheat or barley under drought conditions. The biggest disadvantage of present sorghum hybrids appears to be slow growth in spring.

scholarly journals Productivity of winter wheat plants under drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Yield Structure

Aim. The goal of research was to study the effects of soil drought on the productivity of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of the cultivars of Zolotocolosa and Astarta were grown under optimal nutrition and moisture to the earing-flowering phase. After the beginning of it the experimental plants were transferred to drought conditions for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of the vegetation. The yield structure was analyzed in mature plants. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis led to a decrease in plant height, ear size, mass and number of grains in it. At the same time, the number of grains in ears of plants decreased more significantly in the cultivar Zolotocolosa compared to the Astarta, especially in the tillers. The loss of grains mass from the ear was lower in cultivar Zolotocolosa than to the Astarta. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of ear-flowering led to a decrease in the productivity of wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth, the laying and the formation elements of the ear and grains, that depended on the specificity of the cultivar. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem, ear, productivity, drought.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Concentrations in Soil and Wheat Decline by Long-Term Tillage and Winter Wheat–Pea Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero T. Gollany ◽  
Baoshan Xing ◽  
Markus Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Tillage Methods

Tillage plays a major role in nutrient dynamics under dryland cropping systems, but there remains uncertainty regarding the long-term impacts of tillage on nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of tillage intensity and timing on micronutrient concentration of soils and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under dryland winter wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) or WW-P rotation. The treatments included moldboard tillage in fall (FT) and spring (ST), disk/chisel tillage (DT), and no-tillage (NT). The concentrations of Mehlich III extractable boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in soil were unaffected by the tillage methods; however, a significant decline in extractable zinc in the top 10 cm soil was observed compared to an adjacent undisturbed grass pasture (GP) (NT: 2.3 mg kg−1 vs. GP: 6.0 mg kg−1). In the upper 10 cm soil surface, NT (123 mg kg−1) maintained the extractable manganese concentration with GP (175 mg kg−1) whereas FT (97 mg kg−1), ST (92 mg kg−1), and DT (113 mg kg−1) had lower manganese than GP. Soil pH declined in the upper 10 cm under NT more than in the rest of the WW-P treatments. The results suggest NT can play a vital role in sustaining micronutrient availability due to decreased soil pH and the greater amount of organic matter within the surface soil of NT compared to other tillage methods.

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