scholarly journals Diplolepis Rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Development, Ecology and Galls in the Brno Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-925
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Urban
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Preimaginal Development

The paper results from two years of studying development and formation of the galls ofDiplolepis rosae(L.) onRosa canina(L.) in the Brno region (Czech Republic). Following the extremely warm and dry growing season of 2015, 70 % of prepupae and 30 % of grown‑up 2ndinstar larvae hibernated. After the climatically milder growing period of 2016, only 47 % of prepupae and 53 % of grown‑up larvae hibernated. Pupae were recorded from mid‑March to mid‑July and imagoes occurred from April to July. The average percentage of males in the populations was 4.5 %. Eggs were found in the galls from May to July. Larvae of the 1stand 2ndinstars were found in the galls from June to August and from July to October (or to next March), respectively. Average cranium width in the 1stinstar larvae increased during the growth of larvae from 0.25 to 0.35 mm, i.e. by 38 %. Average cranium width in the 2ndinstar larvae was 0.55 mm and practically did not change during the growth of the larvae. 85.1 % of galls were formed on budding leaves, 14.9 % on flowers and fruits. The galls were growing most rapidly in June and July, and their growth ended in October when they reached average height and width of 40 mm and 47 mm, respectively. They consisted of 1 to 20 (on average 7) ± intergrown parts with 1 to 225 (on average 54) cells. 63.5 % of them were localized along the sides of shoots and 36.5 % were found on the shoot tips. The largest cells (3.9 x 3.1 mm) were those with the completed development of gall wasp larvae. Cells inhabited by parasitoids were by 15.0 % smaller and by 24.5 % smaller were cells with dead gallwasp larvae due to natural reasons. As compared with the cells with the completed development of gall wasp, cells with the larvae of inquilinePericlistus brandtii(Ratz.) were by 43.6 % shorter and by 50.6 % narrower. The inquiline was found in 10 % of galls and in 3.6 % of cells. In 2015, parasitoids inhabited on average 15.0 % (in 2016 22.1 %) of cells. Approximately 50 % of the population ofD. rosaedied in the galls during the preimaginal development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

SEASONAL LEADER GROWTH OF LODGEPOLE PINE IN THE SUBALPINE FOREST OF ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Growing Period

The weekly leader growth of lodgepole pine saplings showed similar patterns but different growth rates according to aspect of site. The seasonal growing period consistently started in early May and was 12 weeks long but within this period the distribution of growth differed widely from year to year. A direct relationship existed between weekly growth and corresponding mean weekly temperatures, except toward the end of the growing season.

scholarly journals Evaluating the potential of consumer-grade smart cameras for low-cost stereo-photogrammetric Crop-Surface Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-7 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brocks ◽  
G. Bareth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Smart Cameras ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Surface Models

Crop-Surface-Models (CSMs) are a useful tool for monitoring in-field crop growth variability, thus enabling precision agriculture which is necessary for achieving higher agricultural yields. This contribution provides a first assessment on the suitability of using consumer-grade smart cameras as sensors for the stereoscopic creation of crop-surface models using oblique imagery acquired from ground-based positions. An application that automates image acquisition and transmission was developed. Automated image acquisition took place throughout the growing period of barley in 2013. For three dates where both automated image acquisition and manual measurements of plant height were available, CSMs were generated using a combination of AgiSoft PhotoScan and Esri ArcGIS. The coefficient of determination <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> between the average of the manually measured plant heights per plots and the average height of the developed crop surface models was 0.61 (<i>n</i> = 24). The overall correlation between the manually measured heights and the CSM-derived heights is 0.78. The average per plot of the manually measured plant heights in the timeframe covered by the generated CSMs range from 19 to 95 cm, while the average plant height per plot of the generated CSMs range from 2.1 to 69 cm. These first results show that the presented approach is feasible.

scholarly journals Prospect of double cropping of rainfed rice in West Bengal

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
S. V. DATAR
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Ranking Method ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Double Cropping

The prospect of double cropping of rain fed rice in West Bengal has been studied in two agroecological conditions (Canning, located in coastal saline region and Nagri, located in Red lateritic region) by identifying growing season through the analysis of rainfall data. The rainfall data of these locations have been analysed for dry and wet weeks by assuming a dry threshold value of 20 mm per week. Wet and dry weeks have been subjected to Markov Chain probability analysis and periods of ideal sowing have been determined. Rainfall data has also been accumulated from 1st  week (1- 7 Jan) onwards, and 52nd week (24- 31 Dec) backwards and by subjecting it to ranking method, growth periods of dry and wet crops have been determined. The study reveals that generally from 24th to 37th week (11 Jun-16 Sep) the probability of getting wet weeks exceeds 15% and probability of two consecutive dry weeks is negligible from 20th to 38th week (14 May - 23 September) for both the statistics. It is also found that harvesting two rice crops of shorter duration is feasible during the growing period covering pre-monsoon and monsoon season.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Knowledge of Incidence, Development and Galls of the Bisexual Generation of Biorhiza pallida (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-785
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Urban
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Average Size

The research study deals with the occurrence, cecidogenesis and development of the bisexual generation of Biorhiza pallida in the Brno region. Galls were found most frequently on Quercus petraea and on Q. robur. At the end of the winter season, females deposited 2–290 (on average 83.6) eggs, mainly into the above average sized buds on last‑year’s shoots. Larvae came to age in May in the 3rd instar, in the extremely warm and dry growing period of 2015 already in the 2nd instar. Adult individuals were leaving galls from the end of May to the end of July. Females were 3–4.5 – times superior to males in numbers. Females, males and individuals of both sexes emerged from 64.3%, 21.4% and 14.3% of galls, respectively. Galls were created from the beginning of April. In the second half of April (or at the beginning of May) they were 3–35 (on average 15.2) mm high and 3–45 (on average 20.2) mm wide. The percentage of buds infestation, average number of deposited eggs and average size of galls were increasing with the increasing mean diameter of shoots. Parasitoids (incl. parasitoid inquilines) killed 30–100 (on average 65) percent of gall wasp population. We found as many as 40% and 10% of galls with the developing Curculio villosus (Curculionidae) and Synergus spp. (Cynipidae), respectively. In the spring of 2016, nearly the whole gall wasp population in Brno‑Komín was killed by late frosts. The pest infests mid‑aged woody plants, sporadically also young growths and epicormic shoots of old oak trees.

scholarly journals The occurence of Peronospora radii de Bary on Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Schultz-Bip. in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Šafránková ◽  
Jiří Müller
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Young Leaves

Marguerite daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens) is an ornamental plant, that is used as a potted and landscape plant. In 2006, disease symptoms were observed on marguerite daisy (A. frutescens cv. ‘Butterfly’) in greenhouses in Brno-Tuřany. The pathogen primarily affected newly expanded young leaves and shoot tips. They were chlorotic, twisted and stunted. The affected leaf tips were necrotic. Bud flowers and flowers were deformed and get dry. The extensive purplish brown growth of downy mildew colonized the lower surface of infected leaves. Older leaves were unaffected.

scholarly journals Gap regeneration and dynamics: the case study of mixed forests at Křtiny in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Gap Regeneration

Abstract Gap regeneration remains the best silviculture technique for sustainable forest regeneration in mixed forests. The study examined tree species composition, diversity and dynamics of natural regeneration in gaps under three contrasting forest stands at Křtiny in the Czech Republic. In spring 2013, experimental gap design begins, when semi-permanent 1 m2 circular sub-sampling plots along North-South-East-West transects were delineated under 6 selected natural canopy openings ≤ 20 m2. In winter 2013/14, these naturally originated openings were artificially enlarged to the current gap sizes ranging between 255 and 1149 m2 through group felling. Natural regeneration in gaps was measured four times: from the growing season before disturbance (BD) in 2013 to the next three consecutive growing seasons after disturbance in 2014 – 2016, respectively. Seven (7) new species with light demanding growth strategy that were previously not present at mother stands were occurring there during the first growing season after disturbance (FGS), yielding the highest taxa (14 species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index, H = 1.7) while BD attained the lowest (8 species; H = 0.9), respectively. Study site being part of Fagus sylvatica vegetation community and providing favorable natural conditions for the optimal growth of Picea abies significantly explains the regeneration dominance of these species in gap regeneration from BD until the third growing season after disturbance (TGS), respectively. Small scale gap-disturbance contributed to the higher regeneration densities of all studied species during FGS. However, drought, competition from other life forms, and browsing activities substantially caused a progressive decline in natural regeneration during three consecutive years after disturbance.

scholarly journals Selectivity of the sulfonylurea herbicide group in the crop of maize inbred lines

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milivoje Milivojevic ◽  
Lidija Stefanovic ◽  
Ivan Husic ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
Zdravko Hojka
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Ear Height

The selectivity of the nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl and rimsulfuron herbicides in relation to 20 PL maize inbred lines was monitored. Obtained results were compared with the untreated control. The following parameters were measured during the growing period: plant height (cm): ear height (cm) leaf width at the ear bottom (cm): tassel length (cm); number of primary tassel branches; grain yield at the and of growing season (t/ha) and grain moisture percentage (%). The effects of applied herbicides on observed maize inbred lines showed different degrees of selectivity. Average values of estimated parameters for all studied inbreeds differed significantly over applied herbicides. Nicosulfuron was most selective.

scholarly journals Occurrence, development and economic importance of Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vitellinae (L.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 357-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Salix Fragilis ◽  
In Captivity

The paper summarizes results of the study of the occurrence, development and harmfulness of Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vitellinae (L.). The majority of studies was carried out in 1998 to 2005 in riparian and accompanying stands of the Svitava and Svratka rivers in the region of Brno and in a laboratory. Imagoes leave hibernation hiding places at the end of April and at the beginning of May. In captivity, they lived on Salix fragilis about 2.5 months damaging on average 28.6 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaf blades and laying on average 293 eggs. In the excessively warm growing season of 2005, imagoes lived about 3.5 months after hibernation, however, already after one month of feeding they fell in a month diapause at the beginning of June. Before its start, they damaged on average 12.8 cm<sup>2</sup> (after the diapause 14.4 cm<sup>2</sup>) leaves and laid on average 389 eggs (of this number, 260 eggs before and 129 after the diapause). Larvae damage about 4 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves during 2 to 3 weeks (in the laboratory during 12 to 13 days). After 2 to 3 weeks (in the laboratory after 10 to 12 days) from the cessation of feeding young beetles appear on trees. Imagoes of the 1<sup>st</sup> generation occur from mid-June to the beginning of October. During about 55 days of life, they damaged 19 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaves and laid on average 182 eggs. Imagoes of the 2<sup>nd</sup> generation occur from mid-August to the end of the growing season. After 10 to 14 days of feeding (without previous copulation), they take shelter in wintering places. In the laboratory, however, these imagoes damaged about 19 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves during 2 months and laid about 190 eggs. Wintering places were looked up by imagoes of the 3<sup>rd</sup> generation which damaged on average 4.2 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaves before hibernation. In the Czech Republic, P. vitellinae is usually bivoltine the 2<sup>nd</sup> generation being always incomplete.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Nutrition-Related Knowledge and Nutritional Behavior of Students in Czech Republic (P16-037-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koci
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
High Association ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Education Program

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary habits and healthy nutrition knowledge of high school students in Czech Republic. This study was also aimed to design a Nutrition Education Program for the second grade students of primary schools in Czech Republic inspired by The Nutrition Education Program developed by Nebraska Extension of University of Nebraska – Lincoln, a part of USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Expanded Food & Nutrition Education Program. Methods A validated Nutritional survey and Nutritional knowledge quiz were designed. The validity of both methods was tested using analytical analysis of all survey and test items and examining internal consistency. It was examined 1028 grade nine students from 25 different high schools between the age range of 14–16 years within the school year 2015/2016. The study included 504 girls with an average age of 14.74 years, an average height of 166.2 cm (5 ft 4 in), and an average weight of 56.32 kg (124.16 lb) and 524 boys with an average age of 14.83 years, an average height of 174.76 cm (5 ft 7 in), and an average weight of 64.84 kg (142.95 lb). Results Pearson's correlation coefficient between nutrition related knowledge and nutritional habits of examined respondents (0.327 at the reached level of significance of the p test was less than 0.001) confirmed the relatively high association of variables (the null hypothesis was rejected at 0.01% significance level). Study shows that 14% of respondents never eat breakfast, 20% of respondents never drink pure water, 25% of the participants consume fruits in a very limited quantities and there is at least one student consuming energy drinks or alcoholic drinks on a daily basis in every average examined school class. The least successful quiz item (properly identified only by 34% of respondents) was the question examining the knowledge of the current national nutrition guide – the Food Pyramid content. Conclusions The relatively high association between nutrition-related knowledge and nutrition behavior of Czech students was examined. A comprehensive curriculum for teachers and the kit of educational and didactic materials for Czech middle schools and high schools appears to be an effective way to health strengthening of children and adolescents in Czech Republic. Funding Sources Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.

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