An Unbounded Nation?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The Future ◽  
German Nation ◽  
Transatlantic Relationship ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Ethnic Germans ◽  
Bilingual Schools

This chapter argues that German-speaking educators in Buenos Aires took advantage of transatlantic support from Germany while navigating among their own interests in community, ethnicity, and belonging in Argentina. Focusing on the circulation of teachers, the flow of financial support from Germany, and a system that offered both Argentine and German diplomas, it offers new perspectives on how constructions of European ethnicity and Argentine belonging developed in a transnational context. For those in Germany, supporting schools and maintaining ethnic Germans within a territorially unbounded German nation reflected the nationalist aspiration to compete with other European empires on the global stage. For those in Buenos Aires, however, the same transatlantic relationship was oriented toward another set of expectations about the future. They instead believed that European support of German-Spanish bilingual schools would help educators and families succeed in their goal of pushing for a pluralist, multilingual society.

The Future of Ethnicity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transatlantic Relationship ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
History Of Migration

The introduction discusses the importance of the future in shaping ethnic communities in Buenos Aires. Underlining the significance of temporality and the future for the social history of migration offers new perspectives on how state institutions developed, how a culturally plural society formed, and how immigrants and families participated in that society. Ethnicity is an unstable category worthy of analysis in itself, and that, as a result, ethnic communities should similarly be studied with that point in mind. The introduction also discusses the transnational turn in German historiography, which has highlighted how people and ideas outside the nation-state influenced conceptions of the nation during the Imperial and Weimar periods. German-speaking immigrants in Buenos Aires actively embraced the transatlantic relationship that groups in central Europe sought to establish, but they had their own ideas about their relationship with their nation of heritage and their nation of residence.

To Belong in Buenos Aires

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
German Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
The People ◽  
German Nation ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Catholic Organizations ◽  
Global Influence

This book analyzes the activities and fantasies of the people who sought to create a lasting German community in Buenos Aires and the behavior of others who challenged that project. It argues that ideas about the future drove thousands of German-speaking immigrants to carve out a place for ethnicity and pluralism in the cultural and linguistic landscape of Buenos Aires. In a moment when there was increasing pressure from the Argentine state and new nationalist forces to create a culturally homogeneous citizenry, the leaders of German-language institutions promoted a pluralistic vision of Argentine belonging by insisting that it was possible to be both ethnic and Argentine. Such efforts to create a lasting ethnic community that involved itself in issues of citizenship--particularly when repeated across groups in the Argentine capital--expanded the very meaning of that citizenship. At the same time, actors in the German Foreign Office, Lutheran and Catholic organizations in Germany, and nationalist associations interacted with German speakers in the Americas, and migrants and their children came to occupy an important space in the German national consciousness. In taking such an interest in Latin America, people in Germany promoted the idea that the German nation transcended not only political but also generational boundaries. Against the backdrop of ideologies of weltpolitik and imperialism, they espoused a belief in a territorially unbounded nation that would supposedly help Germany increase its global influence.

INTERACTION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UKRAINE WITH INTERNATIONAL CREDIT AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Voitko ◽  
◽  
Yuliia Borodinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Credit

The article examines the interaction of the national economy of Ukraine with international credit and financial organizations, evaluates the positive and negative consequences and identifies possible areas for further cooperation. The role of international credit and financial organizations in the development of the global economy is analyzed. Today, international financial institutions have taken a leading place among institutions that provide financial support and contribute to the implementation of necessary reforms aimed at developing enterprises in various sectors of the economy and strengthening the country's financial sector as a whole. The importance of cooperation between Ukraine and international financial institutions for the development of the country's economy has been determined. The problems and directions of development of cooperation with leading credit and financial organizations in modern conditions are identified. Despite the presence of certain shortcomings, cooperation between Ukraine and international credit and financial organizations will continue in the future.

scholarly journals Exploring new uses for existing drugs: innovative mechanisms to fund independent clinical research

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciska Verbaanderd ◽  
Ilse Rooman ◽  
Isabelle Huys
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Funding Mechanisms

Abstract Background Finding new therapeutic uses for existing medicines could lead to safe, affordable and timely new treatment options for patients with high medical needs. However, due to a lack of economic incentives, pharmaceutical developers are rarely interested to invest in research with approved medicines, especially when they are out of basic patent or regulatory protection. Consequently, potential new uses for these medicines are mainly studied in independent clinical trials initiated and led by researchers from academia, research institutes, or collaborative groups. Yet, additional financial support is needed to conduct expensive phase III clinical trials to confirm the results from exploratory research. Methods In this study, scientific and grey literature was searched to identify and evaluate new mechanisms for funding clinical trials with repurposed medicines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 European stakeholders with expertise in clinical research, funding mechanisms and/or drug repurposing between November 2018 and February 2019 to consider the future perspectives of applying new funding mechanisms. Results Traditional grant funding awarded by government and philanthropic organisations or companies is well known and widely implemented in all research fields. In contrast, only little research has focused on the application potential of newer mechanisms to fund independent clinical research, such as social impact bonds, crowdfunding or public-private partnerships. Interviewees stated that there is a substantial need for additional financial support in health research, especially in areas where there is limited commercial interest. However, the implementation of new funding mechanisms is facing several practical and financial challenges, such as a lack of expertise and guidelines, high transaction costs and difficulties to measure health outcomes. Furthermore, interviewees highlighted the need for increased collaboration and centralisation at a European and international level to make clinical research more efficient and reduce the need for additional funding. Conclusions New funding mechanisms to support clinical research may become more important in the future but the unresolved issues identified in the current study warrant further exploration.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-316
Author(s):  
Robert Kelz
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Drama Theory ◽  
The Arts ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Migrant Groups

This concluding chapter takes a look at the German theaters of Argentina between the 1930s and the 1960s. During this time, Buenos Aires was a volatile, conflict-ridden place which allowed both antifascist and nationalist German blocs to cultivate intercultural alliances without modifying many aspects of their own political platform. Here, the chapter revisits the themes introduced in this volume by linking them to a more poignantly profiled reflection on the salient themes of this study, including inclusion and exclusion, integration, transnationalism, drama theory, theatrical energies, and, of course, competition. The central role of theater enables a reexamination of German-speaking immigrants in Argentina, emphasizing previously underexplored events and individuals while offering new perspectives on more frequently studied topics. The chapter thus depicts the impact of theater on existing narratives about Germans in Argentina, as well as the power of a focus on culture and the arts to inform and shape studies of migrant groups.

scholarly journals Massive, Open, Online, and National? A Study of How National Governments and Institutions Shape the Development of MOOCs

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Edelhard Tømte ◽  
Arne Martin Fevolden ◽  
Siri Aanstad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
National Government ◽  
National Context ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
The Future ◽  
National Governments

<p class="3">We explore interpretations of MOOCs around the globe and, in particular, interpretations of MOOCs in Norway. Based on a review of previous studies relevant to these topics, we present two contrasting views on the emergence and development of MOOCs, namely the global interruption view and the national mediation view. We suggest, based on previous studies that MOOCs seem to follow national paths more than global paths. In order to grasp the diversity of understandings of MOOCs, we developed a framework that embraces various aspects of motivation, context, and structure regarding MOOCs. With these two polarised views of MOOC development (the global interruption view and the national mediation view), and the framework serving as an analytical approach, we looked at Norway and analyzed the understandings of the development of MOOCs within this particular national context. The national government seems to have been important in the development of the present MOOCs in Norway, both by organizing a particular group of experts in a dedicated commission to consider the future of MOOC in Norway, and by initiating and giving financial support to the development of MOOCs.</p>

The early stages of anatomy and obstetrics at the Göttingen University – 1734–1760

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Irén Rab
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Theoretical Medicine ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Generous Financial Support ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
Albrecht Von Haller

In the Age of Enlightenment medical education was based on new fundaments. According to experts at that time, a medical faculty had to have five branches: anatomy, botany, chemistry, practical and theoretical medicine. Perhaps Göttingen was the most successful university foundation at that time, because a generous financial support was provided, outstanding professors were invited and an education without censorship was warranted. The spirit of Enlightenment affected both the structure and the standards of education of the facultas medicinae. The word-wide reputation of this faculty was earned by Albrecht von Haller. Haller conceived both the still highly regarded botanical garden and the anatomical theatre, which was the first of its kind in the German speaking area. Furthermore, he founded one of the first clinical obstetrics departments in the world. Students gained theoretical knowledge, were trained practically and had the opportunity to make scientific observations and medical experiments. This paper describes the founding era of the medical faculty of University of Göttingen from a historical-cultural view of point, based on contemporary documents from Germany and Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(11), 424–428.

Qualitative Research - State of the Art

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Flick
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
And Gender

The background of this article is the observation that the methodological discussions about qualitative research in German-speaking and Anglo-Saxon contexts are quite different. The article gives an overview of the state of the art of qualitative research in terms of its methodological development and its establishment in the broader field of social research. After some brief remarks about the history of the field, the major research perspectives and schools of qualitative research - grounded theory, ethnomethodology, narrative analysis, objective hermeneutics, life-world analysis, ethnography, cultural and gender studies - are outlined against the background of recent developments. The establishment of qualitative research is discussed with reference to the examples of the German and International Sociological Associations (DGS and ISA), to developments in the area of textbooks and handbooks, and to the founding of specialized journals. Methodological trends such as the move to visual and electronic data, triangulation of methods and the hybridization of qualitative procedures are discussed. In conclusion some perspectives are outlined which are expected to become more important in the future of qualitative research or which are seen as demands for further clarification. Beside the use of computers and further clarification on linking qualitative and quantitative research, and the limits and problems of such linkage, further suggestions concerning the ways of presenting appropriate and at the same time compulsory criteria for qualitative research are mentioned. Trends in building schools and developing research pragmatics, on the one hand, and a tendency towards elucidation and mystification of methodological procedures, on the other hand, are identified as tensional fields in methodological discussions in qualitative research. Finally a stronger internationalization in different directions and answering the question of indication are discussed as needs for the future of qualitative research.

scholarly journals Lay Patronage and the Development of Ecclesiastical Property in Spanish America: The Case of Buenos Aires, 1700–1900

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Di Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Managerial Authority ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Church

Abstract Beginning with the dissolution of colonial Christendom, the development of church property has been closely tied to processes of secularization in Latin American countries. This process is to be understood not as the marginalization of religion but as the restructuring of religious matters in modern societies. The practice of lay patronage—which was common in America, as it was in Europe for centuries—channeled family wealth into the financial support of certain institutions, which in turn allowed lay patrons to intervene in decisions about religious life. In the case of Buenos Aires such properties were absorbed or expropriated during the nineteenth century as part of a process of centralization, in which local church authorities, the papacy, and the state all participated. Thus in Buenos Aires the process of disentailment of church property did not involve the transfer of property from the church to the state, as might be supposed by extrapolating from the liberal reforms that took place in other countries. Rather, there was a process of appropriation by the state and by the church of property and managerial authority that had previously been held by families and various local institutions. It is worth asking if this phenomenon was unique to Buenos Aires, or if it can be generalized in some measure to other parts of the Hispanic world.

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