The acute effect of high‐ and moderate‐intensity interval exercise on vascular function pre and post a glucose challenge in adolescents

Purpose: The effect of exercise intensity on vasodilator function is poorly understood in children. The authors compared the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity steady-state exercise (MISS) on postexercise vasodilation and shear patterns in 7- to 12- year-old children. Methods: Superficial femoral artery diameter, shear rates, and flow-mediated dilation were measured pre, immediately following (post), and 1 hour after (post60) HIIE (six 1-min sprints at 90% peak power [Wmax], with 1-min recovery) and MISS (15 min at 44% Wmax). Results: Baseline superficial femoral artery diameter increased similarly following both HIIE (pre 4.23 [0.41] mm, post 4.73 [0.56] mm) and MISS (pre 4.28 [0.56] mm, post 4.59 [0.64] mm), returning to preexercise values post60. Blood flow and antegrade shear rate were increased post HIIE and MISS, but to a greater extent, post HIIE (P < .05). Retrograde shear rate was attenuated post both exercise conditions and remained post60 (P < .001). There was a decline in flow-mediated dilation postexercise (HIIE Δ −2.9%; MISS Δ −2.4%), which was no longer apparent when corrected for baseline diameter. Conclusion: Acute bouts of external work-matched HIIE or MISS exert a similar impact on shear-mediated conduit artery vasodilation and flow-mediated dilation in children, and this is reversed 1 hour after exercise.

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Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are essential transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abf2856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. eabf2856

Author(s):

Thibaux Van der Stede ◽

Laura Blancquaert ◽

Flore Stassen ◽

Inge Everaert ◽

Ruud Van Thienen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Interval Training ◽

Whole Body ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Muscle Perfusion ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Training Response ◽

Exercise Muscle

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans. Consequently, functional adaptations in exercise capacity, whole-body glycemic control, and vascular function were blunted. Furthermore, the sustained elevation of muscle perfusion after acute interval exercise was severely reduced when H1/H2 receptors were pharmaceutically blocked. Our work suggests that histamine H1/H2 receptors are important transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans, potentially related to regulation of optimal post-exercise muscle perfusion. These findings add to our understanding of how skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system adapt to exercise training, knowledge that will help us further unravel and develop the exercise-is-medicine concept.

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Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces greater levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese individuals

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370218812191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 243 (14) ◽

pp. 1153-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexandra L Rodriguez ◽

Michael Whitehurst ◽

Brandon G Fico ◽

Katelyn M Dodge ◽

Peter J Ferrandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Bdnf Expression ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Obese Population ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

High Intensity Interval

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.

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The acute effect of coffee on endothelial function and glucose metabolism following a glucose load in healthy human volunteers

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo00926g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 3366-3373 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Evan A. J. Boon ◽

Kevin D. Croft ◽

Sujata Shinde ◽

Jonathan M. Hodgson ◽

Natalie C. Ward

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Human Volunteers

The consumption of coffee, as a whole beverage, may improve vascular function, although this may be due to the caffeine.

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Appetite and gut hormone responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise versus high-intensity interval exercise, in normoxic and hypoxic conditions

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 237-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Daniel P. Bailey ◽

Lindsey R. Smith ◽

Bryna C. Chrismas ◽

Lee Taylor ◽

David J. Stensel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Continuous Exercise ◽

Hypoxic Conditions ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Hormone Responses ◽

High Intensity Interval

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What Doesn't Kill you Makes you Fitter: A Systematic Review of High-Intensity Interval Exercise for Patients with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology ◽

10.4137/cmc.s26230 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. CMC.S26230 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Itamar Levinger ◽

Christopher S. Shaw ◽

Nigel K. Stepto ◽

Samantha Cassar ◽

Andrew J. McAinch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

High Intensity ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has gained popularity in recent years for patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite potential benefits, concerns remain about the safety of the acute response (during and/or within 24 hours postexercise) to a single session of HIIE for these cohorts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the safety of acute HIIE for people with cardiometabolic diseases. Electronic databases were searched for studies published prior to January 2015, which reported the acute responses of patients with cardiometabolic diseases to HIIE (≥80% peak power output or ≥85% peak aerobic power, VO2peak). Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 156; clinically stable, aged 27-66 years), with 13 adverse responses reported (~8% of individuals). The rate of adverse responses is somewhat higher compared to the previously reported risk during moderate-intensity exercise. Caution must be taken when prescribing HIIE to patients with cardiometabolic disease. Patients who wish to perform HIIE should be clinically stable, have had recent exposure to at least regular moderate-intensity exercise, and have appropriate supervision and monitoring during and after the exercise session.

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