scholarly journals The Impact of Different Exercise Intensities on Vasodilation and Shear Rate Patterns in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. McManus ◽  
Nathan R. Sletten ◽  
Daniel J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
External Work ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The effect of exercise intensity on vasodilator function is poorly understood in children. The authors compared the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity steady-state exercise (MISS) on postexercise vasodilation and shear patterns in 7- to 12- year-old children. Methods: Superficial femoral artery diameter, shear rates, and flow-mediated dilation were measured pre, immediately following (post), and 1 hour after (post60) HIIE (six 1-min sprints at 90% peak power [Wmax], with 1-min recovery) and MISS (15 min at 44% Wmax). Results: Baseline superficial femoral artery diameter increased similarly following both HIIE (pre 4.23 [0.41] mm, post 4.73 [0.56] mm) and MISS (pre 4.28 [0.56] mm, post 4.59 [0.64] mm), returning to preexercise values post60. Blood flow and antegrade shear rate were increased post HIIE and MISS, but to a greater extent, post HIIE (P < .05). Retrograde shear rate was attenuated post both exercise conditions and remained post60 (P < .001). There was a decline in flow-mediated dilation postexercise (HIIE Δ −2.9%; MISS Δ −2.4%), which was no longer apparent when corrected for baseline diameter. Conclusion: Acute bouts of external work-matched HIIE or MISS exert a similar impact on shear-mediated conduit artery vasodilation and flow-mediated dilation in children, and this is reversed 1 hour after exercise.

Acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on appetite in overweight/obese males: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Araújo Ferreira Matos ◽  
Daniel Costa de Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne ◽  
Victor Oliveira Albuquerque dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo Caldas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals Impact of retrograde shear rate on brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation in older subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim H.A. Schreuder ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Maria T.E. Hopman ◽  
Dick H.J. Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Retrograde Shear

Resistive exercise versus resistive vibration exercise to counteract vascular adaptations to bed rest

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noortje T. L. van Duijnhoven ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Dieter Felsenberg ◽  
Daniel L. Belavý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Resistive Exercise ◽  
Vibration Exercise ◽  
Echo Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
The Impact

Bed rest results in marked vascular adaptations, and resistive vibration exercise (RVE) has been shown to be an effective countermeasure. As vibration exercise has practical and logistical limitations, the use of resistive exercise (RES) alone has the preference under specific circumstances. However, it is unknown if RES is sufficient to prevent vascular adaptations to bed rest. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of RES and RVE on the vascular function and structure of the superficial femoral artery in young men exposed to 60 days of bed rest. Eighteen healthy men (age: 31 ± 8 yr) were assigned to bed rest and randomly allocated to control, RES, or RVE groups. Exercise was applied 3 times/wk for 5–7 min/session. Resting diameter, blood flow, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and dilator capacity of the superficial femoral artery were measured using echo-Doppler ultrasound. Bed rest decreased superficial femoral artery diameter and dilator capacity ( P < 0.001), which were significantly attenuated in the RVE group ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) but not in the RES group ( P = 0.202 and P = 0.696, respectively). Bed rest significantly increased FMD ( P < 0.001), an effect that was abolished by RVE ( P < 0.005) but not RES ( P = 0.078). Resting and hyperemic blood flow did not change in any of the groups. Thus, RVE abolished the marked increase in FMD and decrease in baseline diameter and dilator capacity normally associated with prolonged bed rest. However, the stimulus provided by RES alone was insufficient to counteract the vascular adaptations to bed rest.

Sitting cross-legged for 30 min alters lower limb shear stress pattern but not flow-mediated dilation or arterial stiffness

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Tremblay ◽  
Taylor V. Stimpson ◽  
Kristen M. Murray ◽  
Kyra E. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Prolonged sitting decreases lower limb endothelial function via sustained reductions in mean shear rate. We tested whether 30 min of sitting cross-legged differentially impacts superficial femoral artery shear rate pattern, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and leg pulse-wave velocity (PWV) compared with sitting flat-footed. Sitting cross-legged attenuated the reduction in mean and antegrade shear rate and increased arterial pressure compared with sitting flat-footed. Superficial femoral artery FMD and leg PWV were unaltered following either sitting position.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Cerebrovascular Health: Curiosity, Cause, and Consequence

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel JE Lucas ◽  
James D Cotter ◽  
Patrice Brassard ◽  
Damian M Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Exercise is a uniquely effective and pluripotent medicine against several noncommunicable diseases of westernised lifestyles, including protection against neurodegenerative disorders. High-intensity interval exercise training (HIT) is emerging as an effective alternative to current health-related exercise guidelines. Compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise training, HIT confers equivalent if not indeed superior metabolic, cardiac, and systemic vascular adaptation. Consequently, HIT is being promoted as a more time-efficient and practical approach to optimize health thereby reducing the burden of disease associated with physical inactivity. However, no studies to date have examined the impact of HIT on the cerebrovasculature and corresponding implications for cognitive function. This review critiques the implications of HIT for cerebrovascular function, with a focus on the mechanisms and translational impact for patient health and well-being. It also introduces similarly novel interventions currently under investigation as alternative means of accelerating exercise-induced cerebrovascular adaptation. We highlight a need for studies of the mechanisms and thereby also the optimal dose-response strategies to guide exercise prescription, and for studies to explore alternative approaches to optimize exercise outcomes in brain-related health and disease prevention. From a clinical perspective, interventions that selectively target the aging brain have the potential to prevent stroke and associated neurovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Acute impact of retrograde shear rate on brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation in humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e00193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim H. A. Schreuder ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Maria T. E. Hopman ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Retrograde Shear

scholarly journals Impact of chronic outward force on arterial responses of proximal and distal of long superficial femoral artery stent

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Seung-Woon Rha ◽  
Byoung Geol Choi ◽  
Se Yeon Choi ◽  
Sang Ki Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Stent Diameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Self-expanding nitinol stent (SENS) implantation is commonly oversized in the superficial femoral artery (SFA), and leads to chronic outward force (COF) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study aimed to investigate the impact of COF of oversizing SENS on ISR of SFA. Methods In patients with implanted SENS in SFA, intimal hyperplasia especially between proximal segment and distal segment was evaluated by quantitative angiography, and the impact of COF on mid-term angiographic outcomes was investigated. In addition, porcine model with implanted SENS was used to evaluate the impact of COF on angiographic and histopathologic outcomes at 1 month. Excised stented arteries were evaluated by histopathologic analysis. Results We analyzed 65 SENS in 61 patients with follow-up angiography at 6 months to 1 year. The baseline diameter was 6.8 ± 0.71 mm and length were 97.0 ± 33.8 mm for the SENS. The ratio of the diameter of the stent to the reference vessel was 1.3 ± 0.24 at the proximal portion and 1.53 ± 0.27 at the distal portion (P < 0.001). In the long SFA stent, stent-to-vessel ratio was significantly higher in the distal stent than in the proximal stent (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.55 ± 0.25, P = 0.001). ISR incidence was higher at the distal stent (37.3% vs 52.6%, P = 0.029). All 11 pigs survived for 4 weeks after SENS implantation. The vessel diameter was 4.04 ± 0.40 mm (control group) vs 4.45 ± 0.63 mm (oversized group), and the implanted stent diameter was 5.27 ± 0.46 mm vs. 7.18 ± 0.4 mm (P = 0.001). The stent-to-vessel diameter ratio was 1.31 ± 0.12 versus 1.63 ± 0.20 (P < 0.001). After 4 weeks, restenosis % was 29.5 ± 12.9% versus 46.8 ± 21.5% (P = 0.016). The neointimal area was 5.37 ± 1.15 mm2 vs. 8.53 ± 5.18 mm2 (P = 0.05). The restenosis % was 39.34 ± 8.53% versus 63.97 ± 17.1% (P = 0.001). Conclusions COF is an important cause of restenosis in the distal portion of the SFA stent. Optimal sizing of the SFA stent is important to reduce the incidence of restenosis. Therefore, COF was an important factor of restenosis following distal SFA stenting.

scholarly journals Effects of posture on shear rates in human brachial and superficial femoral arteries

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. H1833-H1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Newcomer ◽  
C. L. Sauder ◽  
N. T. Kuipers ◽  
M. H. Laughlin ◽  
C. A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Relative Shear

Shear rate is significantly lower in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery in the supine posture. The relative shear rates in these arteries of subjects in the upright posture (seated and/or standing) are unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that upright posture (seated and/or standing) would produce greater shear rates in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery. To test this hypothesis, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure mean blood velocity (MBV) and diameter in the brachial and superficial femoral arteries of 21 healthy subjects after being in the supine, seated, and standing postures for 10 min. MBV was significantly higher in the brachial compared with the superficial femoral artery during upright postures. Superficial femoral artery diameter was significantly larger than brachial artery diameter. However, posture had no significant effect on either brachial or superficial femoral artery diameter. The calculated shear rate was significantly greater in the brachial (73 ± 5, 91 ± 11, and 97 ± 13 s−1) compared with the superficial femoral (53 ± 4, 39 ± 77, and 44 ± 5 s−1) artery in the supine, seated, and standing postures, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, our current findings indicate that mean shear rate is lower in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery in the supine, seated, and standing postures. These findings of lower shear rates in the superficial femoral artery may be one mechanism for the higher propensity for atherosclerosis in the arteries of the leg than of the arm.

scholarly journals Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces greater levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (14) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L Rodriguez ◽  
Michael Whitehurst ◽  
Brandon G Fico ◽  
Katelyn M Dodge ◽  
Peter J Ferrandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of Pyruvate Supplementation on High-intensity Interval Exercise Induced Metabolic Acidosis and Repeated Sprint Exercise Performance of College Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanping yang ◽  
Junqiang Qiu ◽  
Mengyue Wang ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oxidative System

Abstract Background: The effects of pyruvate on metabolic acidosis and oxidative metabolism had been studied. The ability to attenuate acidosis and improve oxidative system contribution are critical to the performance of team sport athletes during perform multiple high-intensity exercise over a limited period of time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pyruvate supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic acidosis during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), as well as to evaluate its role on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance.Methods: 14 well-trained male college soccer athletes (age: 20 ± 2 years, body fat: 13.11 ± 3.50 %) were studied in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The participants ingested either 0.1g/kg/d of pyruvate or a placebo for 1-week. Metabolic acidosis was induced by HIIE after the supplement period, and RSE ability in the acidosis state was assessed. Venous blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and base excess (BE) were measured at baseline, pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, pre-RSE and post-RSE. Finger-stick blood lactate were collected at baseline, immediately after each bout of HIIE and 3, 5, 7, 10 min after HIIE. The energy systems contribution during HIIE were estimated. Results: Blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly lower than baseline after HIIE (p < 0.01) in both pyruvate group (PYR) and placebo group (PLA). Compared to PLA, the blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly improved in PYR at pre-HIIE (p < 0.01), post-HIIE (p < 0.01) and pre-RSE (p < 0.01). Furthermore, blood BE remained higher in PYR than PLA till end of RSE (p < 0.05). The contribution of oxidative system in the fourth bout of HIIE was higher in PYR than PLA (p < 0.05). In PLA, the ratio of total anaerobic energy contribution during HIIE was higher than that of aerobic (oxidative) (p < 0.01), but not in PYR (p > 0.05). Relative peak power (RPP) of first, fifth sprint, relative average power (RAP) of fifth sprint, the average of RPP and RAP during RSE were significantly improved in PYR compared with PLA (p < 0.05). While no significant changes in the PD% of each bout (p > 0.05) or average PD% (p > 0.05) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Pyruvate supplementation for 1-week enhances oxidative system energy contribution and buffers metabolic acidosis during HIIE, and improves RSE performance in acidosis.

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