scholarly journals Enchentes no Rio de Janeiro: efeitos da urbanização no Rio Grande (arroio fundo) - Jacarepaguá

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Francisco Pontes de Miranda Ferreira ◽  
Sandra Baptista da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
River Channels ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Engineering Work

Human participation as an agent in the modification of hydrologie conditions in urban areas has a direct relation with the processes of erosion, deposition and transport of material in river channels. Engineering work as deepening and rectification of the channel and modification in the surrounding vegetation, cause important impacts. The urban development of Jacarepagua and Barra da Tijuca districts has been causing alterations in the Grande river drainage system. In February of 1996, the flooding of the Grande river provoked more than 30 deaths, leaving hundreds of people homeless.

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Development in Slum Areas in the City of Rio de Janeiro Based on LEED-ND Indicators

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Hyczy de Siqueira ◽  
Mohammad K. Najjar ◽  
Ahmed W. A. Hammad ◽  
Assed Haddad ◽  
Elaine Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Neighborhood Development ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The City

The accelerated urban transition and its consequent unsustainability is a problem registered in several global scenarios. This issue has been identified in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. One of the solutions provided for this theme is the application of specific methodologies to measure sustainability in urban areas such as the case of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND). This work aims to analyze a real urban project, still in the executive project phase, Morro do Encontro project, in the scenario of the slum area of Rio de Janeiro based on the LEED-ND indicator system. The novelty of this study is to evaluate the existing relationships, between urban development actions and sustainability, through LEED-ND indicators, in the proposals of the Brazilian government plan PAC2, as a means of verifying their effectiveness. A total of 12 boards of the discipline of Urbanism in the executive project phase are studied. The analyzed items are divided into credit items and mandatory items. A total of 8% of credit items (CI) and 33% of mandatory items (MI) are attended. The results found indicated 47 sustainability items were not met and, therefore, can be improved. This comes back to the fact that 100% of the mandatory LEED-ND items were not achieved, which means that this project as it was conceived cannot be considered as a sustainable urban solution.

scholarly journals Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change on exposing European cities to pluvial flooding

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 4131-4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Skougaard Kaspersen ◽  
Nanna Høegh Ravn ◽  
Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen ◽  
Henrik Madsen ◽  
Martin Drews
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Urban Land Cover ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
Rcp 8.5

Abstract. The economic and human consequences of extreme precipitation and the related flooding of urban areas have increased rapidly over the past decades. Some of the key factors that affect the risks to urban areas include climate change, the densification of assets within cities and the general expansion of urban areas. In this paper, we examine and compare quantitatively the impact of climate change and recent urban development patterns on the exposure of four European cities to pluvial flooding. In particular, we investigate the degree to which pluvial floods of varying severity and in different geographical locations are influenced to the same extent by changes in urban land cover and climate change. We have selected the European cities of Odense, Vienna, Strasbourg and Nice for analyses to represent different climatic conditions, trends in urban development and topographical characteristics. We develop and apply a combined remote-sensing and flood-modelling approach to simulate the extent of pluvial flooding for a range of extreme precipitation events for historical (1984) and present-day (2014) urban land cover and for two climate-change scenarios (i.e. representative concentration pathways, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Changes in urban land cover are estimated using Landsat satellite imagery for the period 1984–2014. We combine the remote-sensing analyses with regionally downscaled estimates of precipitation extremes of current and expected future climate to enable 2-D overland flow simulations and flood-hazard assessments. The individual and combined impacts of urban development and climate change are quantified by examining the variations in flooding between the different simulations along with the corresponding uncertainties. In addition, two different assumptions are examined with regards to the development of the capacity of the urban drainage system in response to urban development and climate change. In the stationary approach, the capacity resembles present-day design, while it is updated in the evolutionary approach to correspond to changes in imperviousness and precipitation intensities due to urban development and climate change respectively. For all four cities, we find an increase in flood exposure corresponding to an observed absolute growth in impervious surfaces of 7–12 % during the past 30 years of urban development. Similarly, we find that climate change increases exposure to pluvial flooding under both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The relative importance of urban development and climate change on flood exposure varies considerably between the cities. For Odense, the impact of urban development is comparable to that of climate change under an RCP 8.5 scenario (2081–2100), while for Vienna and Strasbourg it is comparable to the impacts of an RCP 4.5 scenario. For Nice, climate change dominates urban development as the primary driver of changes in exposure to flooding. The variation between geographical locations is caused by differences in soil infiltration properties, historical trends in urban development and the projected regional impacts of climate change on extreme precipitation. Developing the capacity of the urban drainage system in relation to urban development is found to be an effective adaptation measure as it fully compensates for the increase in run-off caused by additional sealed surfaces. On the other hand, updating the drainage system according to changes in precipitation intensities caused by climate change only marginally reduces flooding for the most extreme events.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Land Use/Land-Cover Changes in the Arid Transboundary Middle Rio Grande Basin Using Remote Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Mubako ◽  
Omar Belhaj ◽  
Josiah Heyman ◽  
William Hargrove ◽  
Carlos Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Rio Grande Basin ◽  
Middle Rio Grande

Expanding urbanization in highly fragile desert environments requires a thorough understanding of the current state and trends of land uses to achieve an optimal balance between development and the integrity of vital ecosystems. The objectives of this study are to quantify land use change over the 25-year period 1990–2015 and analyze temporal and spatial urbanization trends in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. We conclude by indicating how the results can inform on-going water resource research and public policy discussion in an arid region. Results show that the predominant upland mixed vegetation land cover category has been steadily declining, giving up land to urban and agricultural development. Urban development across the region of interest increased from just under three percent in 1990 to more than 11 percent in 2015, mainly around the major urban areas of El Paso, Ciudad Juárez, and Las Cruces. Public policy aspects related to results from this study include transfer of water rights from agriculture to land developers in cities, higher risk of flooding, loss of natural ecosystems, and increased water pollution from point and non-point sources. Various stakeholders can find the study useful for a better understanding of historical spatial and temporal aspects of urban development and environmental change in arid regions. Such insights can help municipal authorities, farmers, and other stakeholders to strike a balance between development needs and protecting vital ecosystems that support the much needed development, especially in regions that are endowed with transboundary natural resources that often are incompletely represented in single nation data.

Ser nobre na capitania do Rio Grande: Formação de uma conhecida nobreza da terra (1660 – 1760)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kleyson Bruno Chaves Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
De Se

O que era ser nobre nas conquistas portuguesas da América? Existiam aqueles que de fato eram nobres titulados pelo rei e, aqueles que se portavam e se entendiam enquanto nobres, forjando-se como uma nobreza da terra. Estudos sobre Olinda, Rio de Janeiro e São Luís do Maranhão demonstram a vinculação entre a ocupação de cargos camarários, obtenção demercês e postos militares, bem como um discurso de antiguidade, tradição e esforço “à custa de vida, sangue e fazenda” para a composição das chamadas nobrezas da terra. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender, a partir do contexto político e social da capitania do Rio Grande, sobre como um poder local desta espacialidade também se assemelhava em seumodo de agir observado para outras governanças locais. Dessa forma, questiona-se sobre o que era ser nobre ou as possibilidades de viver ao modo nobre na capitania do Rio Grande, assim como se analisa a formação de uma “conhecida nobreza da terra”, radicada nos postos camarários e de ordenanças e gestada durante os conflitos da Guerra dos Bárbaros, entre a segunda metade do século XVII e a primeira metade do século XVIII. Para isso, realizou-se um trabalho de análise bibliográfica, aliado ao método prosopográfico, a partir da documentação produzida pela Câmara de Natal, como os termos de vereações e os livros de registros de cartas e provisões, bem como as fontes paroquiais, a fim de se entender quem eram essas pessoas, famílias, e a chamada nobreza da terra.

Marx, marxismo e dialética

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Batista Prado ◽  
Jadir Antunes ◽  
Pedro Leão da Costa Neto ◽  
Ricardo Pereira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A obra Marx Marxismo e Dialética nasceu do III Encontro Nacional dos GT’s Marx e Marxismo da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia – ANPOF realizado em Campo Grande, na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, de 9 a 11 de setembro de 2019. Dois encontros do mesmo gênero o antecederam em Fortaleza, na Universidade Federal do Ceará, em 2015 e 2017. Consolida-se, assim, paulatinamente, uma tradição de encontros compartilhados que fortalecem ambos os GT’s que os promovem, a saber: o GT Marxismo e o GT Marx e a Tradição Dialética. O GT Marxismo foi criado em 2004, no XVI Encontro Nacional de Filosofia, realizado em Salvador e o GT Marx e a Tradição Dialética foi criado em 2006, no XVII Encontro Nacional de Filosofia, também realizado em Salvador. Ambos os GT’s, hoje congregam pesquisadores de diversas universidades espalhadas pelas regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste, Sul e Nordeste, dentre as quais se destacam a Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Unicamp, a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, a Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais – PUC Minas, a Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, a Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – Unioeste, a Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN, a Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB, a Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, etc. Dr. Mauro Castelo Branco de Moura: Prof. Titular do Departamento de Filosofia – UFBA.

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

COMPETÊNCIAS E HABILIDADES NOS CURRÍCULOS DA GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA NO BRASIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Almeida Loiola ◽  
Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino ◽  
Fabíola Lucy Fronza Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul

A pertinência do bacharelado em saúde coletiva vem sendo discutida e tem provocado reflexões e debates em diversas instituições, serviços e, sobretudo, no âmbito acadêmico. A necessidade de formar profissionais em saúde pública está em curso no cenário internacional e no contexto nacional enquanto demanda do Sistema Único de Saúde. Este estudo documental teve o objetivo de reconhecer as competências e habilidades dos bacharelados em saúde coletiva com base no conteúdo dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos de saúde coletiva vigentes no país. Foram analisados os projetos pedagógicos de cinco instituições, que correspondem aos primeiros cursos em cada região do Brasil: Universidade Federal do Acre, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Universidade de Brasília, campus Ceilândia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados mostraram que existia uma concentração de competências e habilidades específicas como a Gestão, Política e Planejamento em Saúde; Pesquisa, Inovação e Produção do Conhecimento em Saúde; Cidadania, Participação e Direito a Saúde; Epidemiologia e Vigilância; Promoção e Educação em Saúde. Assim, os projetos pedagógicos estudados apresentavam semelhanças quanto às competências e habilidades gerais dos cursos de graduação, apontando convergência com as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, embora tenham se observado singularidades nos diferentes cursos, com campos de competências e habilidades específicos a cada curso estudado. Concluiu-se que as competências dos bacharelados em saúde coletiva apresentam uma identidade bem estabelecida, evidente na convergência de nomenclatura adotada em seus Projetos Pedagógicos.Palavras-chave: Educação superior. Saúde pública. Educação baseada em competências.

Sobre a Formação da Mão de Obra Industrial no Brasil e a Imigração Estrangeira - 1890-1930

GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Satiê Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
First Republic ◽  
International Demand

Resumo A formação da mão-de-obra no Brasil no decorrer da Primeira República (1890-1930) se fez de forma acelerada e em dois campos simultaneamente no rural e no urbano. No rural, pelo aquecimento da demanda internacional pelo café brasileiro, e, no urbano, pelo início da industrialização, principalmente, nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Tanto nas atividades agrícolas, como nas industriais, a presença e a participação do imigrante estrangeiro foram hegemônicas e decisivas. É preciso considerar que a abolição da escravatura havia ocorrido em 1888, criando um esvaziamento do mercado de trabalho no Brasil. Palavras chave: imigração estrangeira; cafeicultura, industrialização; sindicalismo; relações de trabalho.Resumo Labor formation in Brazil took an accelerated rhythmus during the First Republic (1890-1930) in two fields simultaneously: rural and urban. In the rural sector it was due to an increase in international demand for Brazilian coffee. In the urban areas, meanwhile, the beginning of industrialization, specially in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, was the main cause. Not only in the agricultural activities. but also in the industries, the presence and participation of foreign immigrants were decisive. The abolition os slavery in 1888 must be considered as part of this context, as it changed the labour market. Keywords: foreign immigration; coffee growing; industrialization; trade unionism; work relations.

scholarly journals An Optimized Approach for Extracting Urban Land Based on Log-Transformed DMSP-OLS Nighttime Light, NDVI, and NDWI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Yuanmao Zheng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Yuanrong He ◽  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Nighttime Light

Quantitative and accurate urban land information on regional and global scales is urgently required for studying socioeconomic and eco-environmental problems. The spatial distribution of urban land is a significant part of urban development planning, which is vital for optimizing land use patterns and promoting sustainable urban development. Composite nighttime light (NTL) data from the Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) have been proven to be effective for extracting urban land. However, the saturation and blooming within the DMSP-OLS NTL hinder its capacity to provide accurate urban information. This paper proposes an optimized approach that combines NTL with multiple index data to overcome the limitations of extracting urban land based only on NTL data. We combined three sources of data, the DMSP-OLS, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI), to establish a novel approach called the vegetation–water-adjusted NTL urban index (VWANUI), which is used to rapidly extract urban land areas on regional and global scales. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the saturation of DMSP-OLS and essentially eliminates blooming effects. Next, we developed regression models based on the normalized DMSP-OLS, the human settlement index (HSI), the vegetation-adjusted NTL urban index (VANUI), and the VWANUI to analyze and estimate urban land areas. The results show that the VWANUI regression model provides the highest performance of all the models tested. To summarize, the VWANUI reduces saturation and blooming, and improves the accuracy with which urban areas are extracted, thereby providing valuable support and decision-making references for designing sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Modelling Pluvial Flooding in Urban Areas Coupling the Models Iber and SWMM

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Esteban Sañudo ◽  
Luis Cea ◽  
Jerónimo Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Overland Flow Model

Dual urban drainage models allow users to simulate pluvial urban flooding by analysing the interaction between the sewer network (minor drainage system) and the overland flow (major drainage system). This work presents a free distribution dual drainage model linking the models Iber and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which are a 2D overland flow model and a 1D sewer network model, respectively. The linking methodology consists in a step by step calling process from Iber to a Dynamic-link Library (DLL) that contains the functions in which the SWMM code is split. The work involves the validation of the model in a simplified urban street, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model and in a real urban settlement. The three study cases have been carefully chosen to show and validate the main capabilities of the model. Therefore, the model is developed as a tool that considers the main hydrological and hydraulic processes during a rainfall event in an urban basin, allowing the user to plan, evaluate and design new or existing urban drainage systems in a realistic way.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document