scholarly journals Age Related Changes in the Executive Function of Colombian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Cadavid Ruiz ◽  
Pablo Del Río ◽  
Jaime Egido ◽  
Purificación Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Type Of School

Executive Function (EF) is a higher cognitive process responsible for control and self-regulation of behavior. The aim of this study is to describe the developmental trajectory of EF in four and six-year old Colombian children, and to highlight possible differences by socio-cultural variables such as age, sex, type of school or socio-economic status. One hundred and sixty-three normotypical children were tested using psychological tests validated for a Spanish population belonging to the Weschler and Luria Initial batteries. HJ-biplot analysis showed that EF developed commensurate with age and school grade, although differences by socio-economic status and type of school were evident.

scholarly journals Advantages of Using HJ-Biplot Analysis in Executive Functions Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cadavid Ruiz ◽  
Jaime Egido ◽  
Purificación Galindo-Villardón ◽  
Pablo Del-Río
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Type Of School

Abstract Executive functions (EFs) are considered a multiple system of processing, associated with different components, such as inhibition, working memory, planning, among others. The study of EFs requires the assessment of all its components, having in mind the socio-demographic and cognitive characteristics of the target population. Nowadays, analysis of variance is used to achieve this goal; nevertheless, HJ-Biplot analysis overcome its limitations by allowing simultaneous examination of multiple data, such as those generated in EFs studies. This study evaluates possible differences in the EFs of 80 8-year-old Colombian children by their sex, socio-economic status and type of school they attend, to exemplify the advantages of using HJ-Biplot analysis in neuropsychological studies.

Public health implications of soil contaminated with helminth eggs in the metropolis of Kaduna, Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V. Maikai ◽  
J.U. Umoh ◽  
O.J. Ajanusi ◽  
I. Ajogi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Helminth Eggs

AbstractEnvironmental and socio-cultural variables influencing the distribution of helminth eggs in 608 soil samples were studied in 14 playgrounds that differ in socio-economic status in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, using a modified sieving method and a sucrose flotation medium of specific gravity 1.27. Helminth eggs were found in 62% of the soil samples and the distribution was as follows: Toxocara spp. 50.4%, Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. 36.9%, Dipylidium caninum 26.3%, Ancylostoma spp. 9.0%, Ascaris spp. 7.2%, Trichuris spp. 3.7% and Ascaridia spp. 1.9%. A higher prevalence (68.1%) was recorded during the dry harmattan period while in the rainy period the rate was 58.1%. Mean egg densities ranged from 1.11 ± 0.32 to 3.92 ± 2.47 in areas moderately rated. Samples from site 14, which was highly rated, were more contaminated (78.1%) than those collected from other sites, while the intensity of contamination (14.0%) was more in moderately rated site 4 than in the rest of the sites. There were significant associations between the prevalence of helminth eggs and rainy period of the study (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) on OR: 0.20 < OR < 0.70), presence of dogs (OR = 0.56; 95% CI on OR: 0.37 < OR < 0.85) and grass (vegetation) (OR = 1.44; 95% CI on OR: 1.03 < OR < 2.04) in the sites. On the other hand, there was no association between the prevalence of helminth eggs and the dry period of the study, presence of refuse in the playgrounds, topography of playgrounds, depth of sample collection and socio-economic status of people in playgrounds (P>0.05). This study shows that the period of study, the presence of dogs and vegetation influence the prevalence of helminth eggs in soil in Kaduna metropolis.

scholarly journals APOEε4 and the long arm of social inequity: estimated effects of socio-economic status and sex on the timing of dementia onset

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE HASSELGREN ◽  
HANS EKBRAND ◽  
MADELEINE MELLQVIST FÄSSBERG ◽  
ANNA ZETTERGREN ◽  
HENRIK ZETTERBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Social Inequity ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Onset

ABSTRACTIt is well established that carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele run a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia and a strongly age-related condition known to disproportionally affect women. Low educational attainment also stands out as a prominent risk factor, and it has been suggested that occupational class plays a similar role in disease susceptibility. Not yet fully explored, however, is the question of whether socio-economic status (SES) could moderate the effect ofAPOEε4. In the present paper, we address this issue. As substantial inequities in workforce participation and educational opportunities have existed between men and women in previous generations, we further examine whether SES-related moderations of the relationship between dementia andAPOEε4 are sex-specific. Our analyses are based on a sample of 580 individuals from the H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Population Study on Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression, and the results suggest that while high SES postpones dementia onset among maleAPOEε4 carriers, this is not the case for women. These findings underscore the long-term impact of social inequity on health as well as the importance of considering potential interactions between social and genetic risk factors if we are to understand better the complex aetiology of dementia.

The Impact of a School Board’s One-to-One iPad Initiative on Equity and Inclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori C. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Heather M. Brown ◽  
Michelle J. Searle ◽  
Adrienne E. Sauder ◽  
Eric Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Student Affect ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

This paper examines the impact of a school board’s one-to-one iPad initiative on equity and inclusion. Data include: questionnaires from Grade 7–9 students, teachers, and administrators; focus groups with inclusion coaches; and interviews with classroom teachers. The results show that the iPads have supported equity among students in the district; there is now less disparity in terms of access to technology on the basis of families’ socio-economic status. The results show that the iPads have also supported the academic and social inclusion of students with exceptionalities; themes that arose across the data sources include: differentiation of content, access to grade-level curriculum, the appearance of sameness, communication and collaboration among students with and without exceptionalities, and positive student affect. Negative implications included the potential for students who struggle with self-regulation to be negatively affected and the potential for the technology to be used in socially exclusionary ways.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and outcomes for patients with age-related macular degeneration

Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradnya More ◽  
Hussein Almuhtaseb ◽  
Dianna Smith ◽  
Simon Fraser ◽  
Andrew J. Lotery
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals An Early Years Toolbox for Assessing Early Executive Function, Language, Self-Regulation, and Social Development: Validity, Reliability, and Preliminary Norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Howard ◽  
Edward Melhuish
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Study Results

Several methods of assessing executive function (EF), self-regulation, language development, and social development in young children have been developed over previous decades. Yet new technologies make available methods of assessment not previously considered. In resolving conceptual and pragmatic limitations of existing tools, the Early Years Toolbox (EYT) offers substantial advantages for early assessment of language, EF, self-regulation, and social development. In the current study, results of our large-scale administration of this toolbox to 1,764 preschool and early primary school students indicated very good reliability, convergent validity with existing measures, and developmental sensitivity. Results were also suggestive of better capture of children’s emerging abilities relative to comparison measures. Preliminary norms are presented, showing a clear developmental trajectory across half-year age groups. The accessibility of the EYT, as well as its advantages over existing measures, offers considerably enhanced opportunities for objective measurement of young children’s abilities to enable research and educational applications.

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