scholarly journals Advantages of Using HJ-Biplot Analysis in Executive Functions Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cadavid Ruiz ◽  
Jaime Egido ◽  
Purificación Galindo-Villardón ◽  
Pablo Del-Río
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Type Of School

Abstract Executive functions (EFs) are considered a multiple system of processing, associated with different components, such as inhibition, working memory, planning, among others. The study of EFs requires the assessment of all its components, having in mind the socio-demographic and cognitive characteristics of the target population. Nowadays, analysis of variance is used to achieve this goal; nevertheless, HJ-Biplot analysis overcome its limitations by allowing simultaneous examination of multiple data, such as those generated in EFs studies. This study evaluates possible differences in the EFs of 80 8-year-old Colombian children by their sex, socio-economic status and type of school they attend, to exemplify the advantages of using HJ-Biplot analysis in neuropsychological studies.

scholarly journals Is socio-economic status a determinant of HIV-related stigma attitudes in Zimbabwe? Findings from Project Accept

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzanai Mateveke ◽  
Basant Singh ◽  
Alfred Chingono ◽  
E. Sibanda ◽  
Ian Machingura
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
The Impact

HIV related stigma and discrimination is a known barrier for HIV prevention and care. We aimed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and HIV related stigma in Zimbabwe. This paper uses data from Project Accept, which examined the impact of community-based voluntary counseling and testing intervention on HIV incidence and stigma. Total of 2522 eligible participants responded to a psychometric assessment tool, which assessed HIV related stigma and discrimination attitudes on 4 point Likert scale. The tool measured three components of HIVrelated stigma: shame, blame and social isolation, perceived discrimination, and equity. Participants’ ownership of basic assets was used to assess the socio-economic status. Shame, blame and social isolation component of HIV related stigma was found to be significantly associated with medium [odds ratio (OR)=1.73, P<0.01] and low SES (OR=1.97, P<0.01), indicating more stigmatizing attitudes by participants belonging to medium and low SES in comparison to high SES. For HIV related stigma and discrimination programs to be effective, they should take into account the socio-economic context of target population.

scholarly journals Age Related Changes in the Executive Function of Colombian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Cadavid Ruiz ◽  
Pablo Del Río ◽  
Jaime Egido ◽  
Purificación Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Type Of School

Executive Function (EF) is a higher cognitive process responsible for control and self-regulation of behavior. The aim of this study is to describe the developmental trajectory of EF in four and six-year old Colombian children, and to highlight possible differences by socio-cultural variables such as age, sex, type of school or socio-economic status. One hundred and sixty-three normotypical children were tested using psychological tests validated for a Spanish population belonging to the Weschler and Luria Initial batteries. HJ-biplot analysis showed that EF developed commensurate with age and school grade, although differences by socio-economic status and type of school were evident.

Social Norms and Level of Aspiration in Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
David A. Sleet
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Hand Dynamometer ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

171 boys and girls in Grade 4 from schools in three different socio-economic areas were tested on a hand-dynamometer task to determine the effects of social norms on level of aspiration. One-half of the subjects received high social-norm feedback (failure), while the other half received low social-norm feedback (success). Analysis of variance of discrepancy scores indicated that rural girls' aspirations were significantly lowered in the success situation and inner city girls' aspirations were significantly raised in the failure situation. Social norms had greater influence on girls' than boys' aspirations for performance. The results suggest that elementary school children's level of aspiration can be altered through social-norm anchoring, but the nature of these changes varies according to the sex and socio-economic status of the child.

Executive Function and Attention in Children Born Prematurely

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Celeste Beaudoin ◽  
Roxanne Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Premature Children ◽  
The Impact

Aim - The aim of this study is to measure the abilities of premature school-aged children in tasks of attention, working memory and executive functioning in order to determine if premature newborns are more at risk to develop delays compared to children born at term. Method - The sampling will be based on a previous study where five school-age premature children from Northern Ontario will be assessed using standardized tests. Each parent will be given a standardized questionnaire designed to measure the executive functioning of his or her child. The results will be then compared to those of a control group born at term without any neonatal complications. Participants will be matched according to gender, age, language status and socio-economic status. Preliminary analysis has shown that premature infants have reduced performance in tasks such as attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). The influence of gestational age, birth weight and socio-economic status will be explained. Importance of the Study - Premature children are more vulnerable to developmental and behavioural delays (Taheri, Goudarzi, Shariat, Nariman, & Martin, 2017). Several studies have shown that delays in executive functions are associated with lower academic achievement (Hüning et al., 2017). This study will help us determine the nature of the impact on non-language skills in premature infants. Preliminary results will allow us to better understand the impact of prematurity on the development of attention and executive functioning (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as it relates to language.

scholarly journals DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A STUDY ON CAREGIVERS OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933-36
Author(s):  
Nomita Sohail ◽  
Shiraz Hussain ◽  
Siddique Kakar ◽  
Sana Khan ◽  
Mohsin Alimudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Objective: To determine the frequency and association of depression among caregivers of psychiatric patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Study place and duration: Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2016 to Apr 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 caregivers of psychiatric patients were included in this study. Each caregiver was interviewed by a consultant psychiatrist to measure the frequency of depression according to International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD10) criteria and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score of >8. Socio-demographic factors were associated with presence of depression by using chi-square test. Results: The mean age observed was 35.36 ± 8.39 years. There were 84 (42%) males and 116 (58%) females. Depression was found in 95 (47.5%) caregivers of psychiatric patients in our analysis. Female gender, low socio-economic status and type of psychiatric illness had significant relationship with presence of depression among our target population. Conclusion: Depression was a highly common undiagnosed entity among the caregivers of psychiatric patients. Female caregivers or caregivers with low socio-economic status should be screened especially for depression in addition to caregivers of patients suffering from psychotic illness.

Value patterns of Science and Arts students in relation to their Socio Economic Status and Type of School

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Values ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Type Of School

Values give meaning and strength to a person’s character by occupying a center place in his life. Values are the bases on which the actions, reactions, emotions and judgments of an individual depend. The Study was designed to examine the Value patterns of Science and Arts students in relation to their Socio Economic Status and type of School. Participants were 200 adolescents of 10+2 grade of Science and Arts stream from Amritsar city. The findings of the study revealed that no significant differences exist in the six values of Science and Arts Students. There is no significant difference in value patterns of Science and Arts students belonging to High Socio Economics Status. Science and Arts Students belonging to low Socio Economic Status differ significantly on Aesthetic Values and Religious Values and no significant differences exist in the Value pattern of Science and Arts Senior Secondary School Students studying in Government and Private Schools.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in apparently healthy schoolchildren in India: A multi-center study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1775-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Narang ◽  
Anita Saxena ◽  
Ankush Desai ◽  
Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan ◽  
Rajendra S Thangjam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
Type Of School ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background Hypertension in children is often under recognized, especially in developing countries. Data from rural areas of developing countries is particularly lacking. Objectives To study prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in apparently health school children from predominantly rural populations of India. Methods Apparently healthy schoolchildren ( n = 14,957) aged 5–15 years (mean (standard deviation) age 10.8 (2.8) years; 55.5% boys) at four predominantly rural sites in separate states of India were studied. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded by trained staff in addition to age, gender, height, weight, type of school and season. Waist circumference was also recorded in 12,068 children. Geographic location and type of school (government, government-aided or private) were used to determine socio-economic status. Results Systolic and/or diastolic hypertension was present in 3443 (23%) children. Systolic hypertension was present in 13.6%, diastolic hypertension in 15.3% and both in 5.9%. Isolated systolic hypertension was present in 7.7% while isolated diastolic hypertension was present in 9.4%. On univariate analysis, age, gender, geographical location, socio-economic status, season and anthropometric parameters (z-scores of height, weight and waist circumference, waist/height ratio and body mass index) were all significantly related to risk of hypertension ( p < 0.0001 for each). Similar association was observed with weight group (normal, overweight and obese). Multiple regression analysis showed lower age, female gender, richer socio-economic status, certain geographical locations, higher weight and larger waist circumference to be independently associated with a greater risk of hypertension. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of hypertension in apparently healthy schoolchildren even in predominantly rural areas of India. Screening and management programs targeted to high risk groups identified may prove cost-effective.

Oral Language Behavior of Older Cerebral Palsied Children

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Hearing Acuity

A battery of six tests assessing various aspects of receptive and expressive oral language was administered to 27 cerebral palsied children and controls matched on the variables of age, intelligence, sex, race, hearing acuity, socio-economic status, and similarity of educational background. Results indicated only minimal differences between groups. Signs of deviancy in language behavior often attributed to the cerebral palsied were not observed. Although previous investigators have suggested consistent language disturbances in the cerebral palsied, evidence for a disorder of comprehension and formulation of oral symobls was not found.

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