Numerical Study of Cavitation in Cryogenic Fluids

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Hosangadi ◽  
Vineet Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Cryogenic Fluids ◽  
Parametric Studies

Numerical simulations of cavitation in liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen are presented; they represent a broader class of problems where the fluid is operating close to its critical temperature and thermal effects of cavitation are important. A compressible, multiphase formulation that accounts for the energy balance and variable thermodynamic properties of the fluid is described. Fundamental changes in the physical characteristics of the cavity when thermal effects become significant are identified; the cavity becomes more porous, the interface less distinct, and it shows increased spreading while getting shorter in length. The heat transfer model postulated in variants of the B-factor theory, where viscous thermal diffusion at the vapor-liquid interface governs the vaporization, is shown to be a poor approximation for cryogenic fluids. In contrast the results presented here indicate that the cavity is sustained by mass directly convecting into it and vaporization occurring as the liquid crosses the cavity interface. Parametric studies for flow over a hydrofoil are presented and compared with experimental data of Hord (1973, “Cavitation in Liquid Cryogens II—Hydrofoil,” NASA CR-2156); free-stream velocity is shown to be an independent parameter that affects the level of thermal depression.

An Experimental Study of Mixed, Forced, and Free Convection Heat Transfer From a Horizontal Flat Plate to Air

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. A. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Heated Plate ◽  
Buoyancy Effect

A heated flat plate is tested in a wind tunnel to study mixed convection in both upward and downward positions. It is found that the local heat transfer coefficient is strongly dependent on the free stream velocity and the temperature difference between the surface and the free stream. The buoyancy effect is more pronounced for the heated plate facing upward. This paper correlates the experimental data in terms of Nusselt, Grashof, and Reynolds numbers. The points of onset of instability caused by the buoyancy effect are also examined and correlated in terms of the dimensionless groups. Experimental data are compared with analysis documented in the literature, and the agreement is found satisfactory.

Effects of Embedded Vortices on Film-Cooled Turbulent Boundary Layers

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ligrani ◽  
A. Ortiz ◽  
S. L. Joseph ◽  
D. L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layers ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices

Heat transfer effects of longitudinal vortices embedded within film-cooled turbulent boundary layers on a flat plate were examined for free-stream velocities of 10 m/s and 15 m/s. A single row of film-cooling holes was employed with blowing ratios ranging from 0.47 to 0.98. Moderate-strength vortices were used with circulating-to-free stream velocity ratios of −0.95 to −1.10 cm. Spatially resolved heat transfer measurements from a constant heat flux surface show that film coolant is greatly disturbed and that local Stanton numbers are altered significantly by embedded longitudinal vortices. Near the downwash side of the vortex, heat transfer is augmented, vortex effects dominate flow behavior, and the protection from film cooling is minimized. Near the upwash side of the vortex, coolant is pushed to the side of the vortex, locally increasing the protection provided by film cooling. In addition, local heat transfer distributions change significantly as the spanwise location of the vortex is changed relative to film-cooling hole locations.

Oscillatory Heat Transfer in a Pipe Subjected to a Laminar Reciprocating Flow

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Zhao ◽  
P. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Cycle Space ◽  
Reciprocating Flow

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out for laminar forced convection in a long pipe heated by uniform heat flux and subjected to a reciprocating flow of air. Transient fluid temperature variations in the two mixing chambers connected to both ends of the heated section were measured. These measurements were used as the thermal boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamically and thermally developing reciprocating flow in the heated pipe. The coupled governing equations for time-dependent convective heat transfer in the fluid flow and conduction in the wall of the heated tube were solved numerically. The numerical results for time-resolved centerline fuid temperature, cycle-averaged wall temperature, and the space-cycle averaged Nusselt number are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the experimental data, a correlation equation is obtained for the cycle-space averaged Nusselt number in terms of appropriate dimensionless parameters for a laminar reciprocating flow of air in a long pipe with constant heat flux.

Numerical Simulation of Detonation Propagation in Flame Arrestor Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoden A. Farah ◽  
Frank K. Lu ◽  
Jim L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Forchheimer Equation ◽  
Detonation Propagation ◽  
Simulation Domain ◽  
Shock Transmission ◽  
Propagation Parameters ◽  
Porous Zone ◽  
Viscous Solutions

Abstract A detail numerical study of detonation propagation and interaction with a flame arrestor product was conducted. The simulation domain was based on the detonation flame arrestor validation test setup. The flame arrestor element was modeled as a porous zone using the Forchheimer equation. The coefficients of the Forchheimer equation were determined using experimental data. The Forchheimer equation was incorporated into the governing equations for axisymmetric reactive turbulent flow as a momentum sink. A 21-step elementary reaction mechanism with 10 species was used to model the stoichiometric oxyhydrogen detonation. Different cases of detonation propagation including inviscid, viscous adiabatic, and viscous with heat transfer and a porous zone were studied. A detail discussion of the detonation propagation and effect of the arrestor geometry, the heat transfer and the porous zone are presented. The inviscid numerical model solutions of the detonation propagation parameters are compared to one-dimensional analytical solution for verification. The viscous solutions are qualitatively compared to historical experimental data which shows very similar trend. The effect of the porous media parameters on shock transmission and re-initiation of detonation is presented.

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Laminar Natural Convection of Mixed Newtonian-Non-Newtonian and Pure Non-Newtonian Nanofluids in a Square Enclosure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Ajay Vallabh ◽  
P.S. Ghoshdastidar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Left Wall ◽  
Square Enclosure ◽  
First Case

Abstract This paper presents a steady-state heat transfer model for the natural convection of mixed Newtonian-Non-Newtonian (Alumina-Water) and pure Non-Newtonian (Alumina-0.5 wt% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)/Water) nanofluids in a square enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and isothermal vertical walls, the left wall being hot and the right wall cold. In the first case the nanofluid changes its Newtonian character to Non-Newtonian past 2.78% volume fraction of the nanoparticles. In the second case the base fluid itself is Non-Newtonian and the nanofluid behaves as a pure Non-Newtonian fluid. The power-law viscosity model has been adopted for the non-Newtonian nanofluids. A finite-difference based numerical study with the Stream function-Vorticity-Temperature formulation has been carried out. The homogeneous flow model has been used for modelling the nanofluids. The present results have been extensively validated with earlier works. In Case I the results indicate that Alumina-Water nanofluid shows 4% enhancement in heat transfer at 2.78% nanoparticle concentration. Following that there is a sharp decline in heat transfer with respect to that in base fluid for nanoparticle volume fractions equal to and greater than 3%. In Case II Alumina-CMC/Water nanofluid shows 17% deterioration in heat transfer with respect to that in base fluid at 1.5% nanoparticle concentration. An enhancement in heat transfer is observed for increase in hot wall temperature at a fixed volume fraction of nanoparticles, for both types of nanofluid.

Numerical Study on 3D Coupled Heat Transfer of Thrust Chamber with Regenerative Cooling

2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 1057-1061
Author(s):  
Tao Nie ◽  
Wei Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Coupled Heat Transfer

To obtain temperature distribution in regenerative-cooled liquid propellant rocket nozzle quickly and accurately, three-dimensional numerical simulation employed using empirical formulas. A reduced one-dimensional model is employed for the coolant flow and heat transfer, while three dimensional heat transfer model is used to calculate the coupling heat transfer through the wall. The geometrical model is subscale hot-firing chamber. The numerical results agree well with experimental data, while temperature field in nozzle obtained. In terms of computing time and accuracy of results, this method can provide a reference for optimization design and performance estimation.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Impingement Air Cooled Plate Fin Heat Sinks

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Duan ◽  
Y. S. Muzychka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Developing Flow ◽  
Rectangular Channels

Impingement cooling of plate fin heat sinks is examined. Experimental measurements of thermal performance were performed with four heat sinks of various impingement inlet widths, fin spacings, fin heights, and airflow velocities. The percent uncertainty in the measured thermal resistance was a maximum of 2.6% in the validation tests. Using a simple thermal resistance model based on developing laminar flow in rectangular channels, the actual mean heat transfer coefficients are obtained in order to develop a simple heat transfer model for the impingement plate fin heat sink system. The experimental results are combined into a dimensionless correlation for channel average Nusselt number Nu∼f(L*,Pr). We use a dimensionless thermal developing flow length, L*=(L∕2)∕(DhRePr), as the independent parameter. Results show that Nu∼1∕L*, similar to developing flow in parallel channels. The heat transfer model covers the practical operating range of most heat sinks, 0.01<L*<0.18. The accuracy of the heat transfer model was found to be within 11% of the experimental data taken on four heat sinks and other experimental data from the published literature at channel Reynolds numbers less than 1200. The proposed heat transfer model may be used to predict the thermal performance of impingement air cooled plate fin heat sinks for design purposes.

scholarly journals Surface temperature and free-stream velocity oscillation effects on mixed convention slip flow from surface of a horizontal circular cylinder

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Muammad Ashraf ◽  
Saqib Zia ◽  
Ishtiaq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Slip Flow ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Velocity Oscillation

The present phenomena address the slip velocity effects on mixed convection flow of electrically conducting fluid with surface temperature and free stream velocity oscillation over a non-conducting horizontal cylinder. To remove the difficulties in illustrating the coupled PDE, the primitive variable formulation for finite dif?ference technique is proposed to transform dimensionless equations into primitive form. The numerical simulations of coupled non-dimensional equations are exam?ined in terms of fluid slip velocity, temperature, and magnetic velocity which are used to calculate the oscillating components of skin friction, heat transfer, and cur?rent density for various emerging parameters magnetic force parameter, ?, mixed convection parameter, ?, magnetic Prandtl number, ?, Prandtl number, and slip factor, SL. It is observed that the effect of slip flow on the non-conducting cylinder is reduced the fluid motion. A minimum oscillating behavior is noted in skin friction at each position but maximum amplitude of oscillation in heat transfer is observed at each position ? = ?/4 and 2?/3. It is further noticed that a fluid velocity increas?es sharply with the impact of slip factor on the fluid-flow mechanism. Moreover, due to frictional forces with lower magnitude between viscous layers, the rise in Prandtl number leads to decrease in skin fiction and heat transfer which is physi?cally in good agreement.

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