Coupler Cognates for the Double Flier Eight-Bar Linkage

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Pennock ◽  
Nihar N. Raje
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Locus Equation ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Kinematic Inversion ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
High Degree

This paper presents a graphical technique to construct the coupler cognate linkages for the double flier eight-bar linkage. The technique is based on the skew pantograph construction which converts the double flier linkage into a second eight-bar linkage by applying the concepts of stretch rotation and kinematic inversion. Since a stretch-rotation operation preserves the angular velocities of corresponding links of the two linkages then the second linkage has the same input-output motion as the original double flier linkage. Another stretch rotation is performed on the intermediate eight-bar linkage and a third eight-bar linkage, which duplicates the motion of the coupler link of the original linkage, is obtained. This graphical approach, to investigating coupler cognates, is believed to be an original contribution to the study of cognate linkages. The technique can be applied in a straightforward manner, requiring few constructions, and offers significant advantages over well-known analytical techniques which use the locus equation. For the double flier eight-bar linkage, the locus equation is of a high degree and the coefficients can only be obtained from a very laborious procedure. This paper shows the existence of two coupler cognates for each of the two floating binary links of the double flier eight-bar linkage that are connected to the ternary link which is pinned to ground.

Anionic and Cationic Redox Processes in β-Li2IrO3 and Their Structural Implications on Electrochemical Cycling in Li-Ion Cell

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pearce ◽  
Gaurav Assat ◽  
Antonella Iadecola ◽  
François Fauth ◽  
Rémi Dedryvère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Charge Compensation ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Instability ◽  
High Degree

The recent discovery of anionic redox as a means to increase the energy density of transition metal oxide positive electrodes is now a well established approach in the Li-ion battery field. However, the science behind this new phenomenon pertaining to various Li-rich materials is still debated. Thus, it is of paramount importance to develop a robust set of analytical techniques to address this issue. Herein, we use a suite of synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies as well as diffraction techniques to thoroughly characterize the different redox processes taking place in a model Li-rich compound, the tridimentional hyperhoneycomb β-Li2IrO3. We clearly establish that the reversible removal of Li+ from this compound is associated to a previously described reductive coupling mechanism and the formation of the M-(O-O) and M-(O-O)* states. We further show that the respective contributions to these states determine the spectroscopic response for both Ir L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoemissions spectroscopy (XPS). Although the high covalency and the robust tridimentional structure of this compound enable a high degree of reversibile delithiation, we found that pushing the limits of this charge compensation mechanism has significant effects on the local as well as average structure, leading to electrochemical instability over cycling and voltage decay. Overall, this work highlights the practical limits to which anionic redox can be exploited and sheds some light on the nature of the oxidized species formed in certain lithium-rich compounds.<br>

Anionic and Cationic Redox Processes in β-Li2IrO3 and Their Structural Implications on Electrochemical Cycling in Li-Ion Cell

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pearce ◽  
Gaurav Assat ◽  
Antonella Iadecola ◽  
François Fauth ◽  
Rémi Dedryvère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Charge Compensation ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Instability ◽  
High Degree

The recent discovery of anionic redox as a means to increase the energy density of transition metal oxide positive electrodes is now a well established approach in the Li-ion battery field. However, the science behind this new phenomenon pertaining to various Li-rich materials is still debated. Thus, it is of paramount importance to develop a robust set of analytical techniques to address this issue. Herein, we use a suite of synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies as well as diffraction techniques to thoroughly characterize the different redox processes taking place in a model Li-rich compound, the tridimentional hyperhoneycomb β-Li2IrO3. We clearly establish that the reversible removal of Li+ from this compound is associated to a previously described reductive coupling mechanism and the formation of the M-(O-O) and M-(O-O)* states. We further show that the respective contributions to these states determine the spectroscopic response for both Ir L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoemissions spectroscopy (XPS). Although the high covalency and the robust tridimentional structure of this compound enable a high degree of reversibile delithiation, we found that pushing the limits of this charge compensation mechanism has significant effects on the local as well as average structure, leading to electrochemical instability over cycling and voltage decay. Overall, this work highlights the practical limits to which anionic redox can be exploited and sheds some light on the nature of the oxidized species formed in certain lithium-rich compounds.<br>

Textile Museum Collections. SIM Method Validation for the Assessment of Pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elena-Cornelia Mitran ◽  
Irina-Mariana Sandulache ◽  
Cristina-Mihaela Lite ◽  
Lucian Gabriel Radu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Cis And Trans Isomers ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Detection And Quantification

In time the environmental conditions could damage textiles (materials/ artifacts) causing the need to develop better non-destructive or at least micro-destructive analysis techniques of the samples. There are ethnographic textile artifacts that were treated in the past with various pesticides, that have not been mentioned in any document. These are often re-treated with chemicals by museum staff as a method of preventing pest infestation. Due to the progressive use of many pesticides, this paper was focused on the detection and quantification of three pesticides: malathion, methoxychlor, and permethrin (cis- and trans- isomers). Gas chromatography is one of the most widely used analytical techniques for characterizing volatile organic compounds and therefore was the analytical method of choice for the present study. Because these analytes are found at trace levels, the detection and quantification limits of analytes are very small and it is necessary to optimize and validate a SIM method - that allows the mass spectrometer to detect specific compounds with high sensitivity. In SIM mode, the instrument is set to collect data at selected masses of interest, thus increasing the accuracy and precision of the quantitative results. The present paper is aimed to develop this type of method with specificity and selectivity, high precision (expressed in terms of repeatability and intermediate accuracy), accuracy, suitable working range and linearity, and high degree of series� homogenity.

scholarly journals Graphical Approach to Compare Concentration Constants of Hill and Michaelis-Menten Equations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Hill Equation ◽  
Enzymatic Process ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Permissible Rate ◽  
Concentration Constants

The aim of present study was to describe the graphical technique how to go from Hill concentration constant to Michaelis constant. To compare enzymatic processes, the kinetics of which is subjected to different regularities, it is possible to use constants that characterize catalytic activity (Vmax) and concentration constants that are the substrate concentration at which the rate of the enzymatic process is equal to a half of maximum permissible rate. Concentration constants are S0.5 for Hill equation and Km for Michaelis-Menton equation. The graphical approach was proposed in order to go from concentration constant of Hill equation to Michaelis concentration of the process that could be characterized by the same catalytic activity (the same values of minimum and maximum rates) similar to that observed in the process described by Hill equation.

Repetitive Project Modelling With Penalty and Incentive

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shurrab ◽  
Ghaleb Y. Abbasi ◽  
Osama Eljamal ◽  
Jalal T. Tanatrah
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
Project Model ◽  
Repetitive Activities

Repetitive construction activities have the same activities which are performed repeatedly. Repetitive projects include: pipelines, highways, and multi-story buildings. Repetitive projects have been modelled widely using the traditional network techniques although, they have some disadvantages. Furthermore, different approached have been developed for repetitive activities including the graphical and analytical techniques. The objective of this research is to add new enhancements on an approach called Repetitive Project Model (RPM) which is related to the repetitive construction projects. The enhancements incorporating the incentives and penalties within the RPM. This model incorporates a network technique, a graphical technique, and an analytical technique. A numerical example was demonstrated in this research paper to aid on using the suggested model in the real-life application.

Significance of Qualitative Factors for a Deeper Understanding of Service Productivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cocca
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Service Productivity ◽  
Qualitative Factors ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Measurable Factors

Analysing and optimising service productivity is a widely discussed task in service management. While directly measurable factors such as processing time or service turnover are frequently used in order to measure the productivity of services, underlying factors that are, in many cases, not (directly) measurable are not considered in-depth. However, these “qualitative” factors influence service productivity to a high degree. The idea behind the approach provided in this article is to open the former “black box” view on productivity (input–output) to a process efficiency-oriented perspective instead and to show which qualitative factors play a crucial role regarding service productivity.

Between openness and closure: Helmuth Plessner and the boundaries of social life

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dobeson
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Helmuth Plessner ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Degree

This article introduces the basic notions of the widely neglected Philosophical Anthropology of Helmuth Plessner. Instead of defining man as a privileged holder of consciousness, Plessner claims that all living organisms can be defined by their specific relation to their physical boundaries. In contrast to other living organisms such as plants and animals, however, the ‘eccentric’ nature of man allows for a comparatively high degree of freedom from the physical environment, which enables him to transcend, objectify, and deconstruct the boundaries of the same. The article concludes by outlining Plessner’s original contribution to contemporary debates in social theory, in particular constructivism and post-humanist studies.

Analysis of Self-Excited Induction Generators Using Symbolic Programming

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Algebraic Manipulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
Symbolic Programming ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
High Degree

Analysis of self-excited induction generators using symbolic programming Using the symbolic programming language MACSYMA, the self-excited induction generator may be analysed in a straightforward manner with a high degree of accuracy. Very little manual effort need be spent on algebraic manipulation, numerical analysis and computer programming. Typical program sessions are cited to illustrate the elegance of this approach.

scholarly journals A Modal Description of Multiport Antennas

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Scattering Matrix ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
Modal Description ◽  
Multiport Antennas

This paper presents a modal description of multiport antennas that leads directly to a rigorous network representation and simple quadratic expressions for gain, efficiency, and effective area. The analysis shows that the transmitting and receiving properties of an element antenna array are exactly described by a element scattering matrix together with a set of orthonormal mode functions and accounts for effects such as mutual coupling, scattering, reflection, and losses. The approach is quite general, only requiring that the antenna be finite and reciprocal. The scattering network description simplifies accounting of power flow while retaining a close connection to the physical antenna characteristics. The orthonormal mode functions provide a complete basis for radiated and received fields, facilitating beamforming. The theory provides rigorous definitions of input-output signals and links them to the underlying electromagnetics in a straightforward manner.

Corrosion Behavior of Electrodeposited Nickel Coating Reinforced by Cr2O3 Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Saida Marmi ◽  
Shahnaz Siad ◽  
Abdelouahad Chala ◽  
Hayat Marmi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Electrodeposited Nickel ◽  
Composite Deposits ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Deposited Films

The objective of this work is the characterisation of the composite deposits Ni-Cr2O3 on copper substrate; these deposits are obtained from bath of electro-deposition of Nickel watts. The different electrodeposited layers are characterized by various analytical techniques such as adhesion quality, corrosion tests, Vickers microhardness, morphology by scanning electron microscopy Followed by EDX microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion tests are realized in a solution of 3.5 % NaCl using lost mass method, polarization and impedance spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the composite coatings Ni-Cr2O3 have an homogeneous and compact morphology, well crystallized and exhibit a high degree of codeposition of Cr2O3 particles incorporated in the nickel matrix. The co-deposited films have very good hardness, adhere perfectly to the substrate and are more resistant to corrosion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document