Biomass-Gasifier/Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Combined Cycles: Part B—Performance Calculations and Economic Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Consonni ◽  
E. D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Commercial Installation ◽  
Combined Cycles

Gas turbines fueled by integrated biomass gasifiers are a promising option for base-load electricity generation from a renewable resource. Aeroderivative turbines, which are characterized by high efficiencies in small units, are of special interest because transportation costs for biomass constrain conversion facilities to relatively modest scales. Part A of this two-part paper reviewed commercial development activities and major technological issues associated with biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle power generation. Based on the computational model also described in Part A, this paper (Part B) presents results of detailed design-point performance calculations for several BIG/GT combined cycle configurations. Emphasis is given to systems now being proposed for commercial installation in the 25–30 MWe, power output range. Three different gasifier designs are considered: air-blown, pressurized fluidized-bed gasification; air-blown, near-atmospheric pressure fluidized-bed gasification; and near-atmospheric pressure, indirectly heated fluidized-bed gasification. Advanced combined cycle configurations (including with intercooling) with outputs from 22 to 75 MW are also explored. An economic assessment is also presented, based on preliminary capital cost estimates for BIG/GT combined cycles and expected biomass costs in several regions of the world.

Biomass-Gasifier/Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Combined Cycles: Part A—Technologies and Performance Modeling

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Consonni ◽  
E. D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Combined Cycles

Gas turbines fueled by integrated biomass gasifiers are a promising option for base load electricity generation from a renewable resource. Aeroderivative turbines, which are characterized by high efficiencies at smaller scales, are of special interest because transportation costs for biomass constrain biomass conversion facilities to relatively modest scales. Commercial development activities and major technological issues associated with biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle power generation are reviewed in Part A of this two-part paper. Also, the computational model and the assumptions used to predict the overall performance of alternative BIG/GT cycles are outlined. The model evaluates appropriate value of key parameters (turbomachinery efficiencies, gas turbine cooling flows, steam production in the heat recovery steam generator, etc.) and then carries out energy, mass, and chemical species balances for each plant component, with iterations to insure whole-plant consistency. Part B of the paper presents detailed comparisons of the predicted performance of systems now being proposed for commercial installation in the 25–30 MWe power output range, as well as predictions for advanced combined cycle configurations (including with intercooling) with outputs from 22 to 75 MWe. Finally, an economic assessment is presented, based on preliminary capital cost estimates for BIG/GT combined cycles.

GTPRO: A Flexible, Interactive Computer Program for the Design and Optimization of Gas Turbine Power Systems

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher A. Elmasri
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Combined Cycles

A fast, interactive, flexible computer program has been developed to facilitate system selection and design for gas turbine based power and cogeneration plants. A data base containing ISO performance information on forty-two gas turbines is coupled to an off-design model to predict engine characteristics for different site and installation parameters. A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) model allows boiler size and cost to be estimated as a function of the system’s technical parameters. The model can handle HRSG’s with up to two live steam pressures plus a third feedheating/deaerating drum. Five basic types of combined cycle are covered with up to four different process steam streams for cogeneration or gas turbine injection. Two additional feedheating steam bleeds are supported for condensing combined cycles. The program is intelligent with some internal decision making capabilities regarding process steam sourcing and flow directions and will automatically select the appropriate heat and mass balance procedures to cover a wide variety of process flow schematics. The program provides plotter outputs to show the cycle process flow schematic, T-s and h-s diagrams, and HRSG temperature profiles. An application of GTPRO in analyzing some technical and economic performance trade-offs for two-pressure combined cycles is presented.

System Evaluation and LBTU Fuel Combustion Studies for IGCC Power Generation

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Cook ◽  
J. C. Corman ◽  
D. M. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Combined Cycles

The integration of gas turbines and combined cycle systems with advances in coal gasification and gas stream cleanup systems will result in economically viable IGCC systems. Optimization of IGCC systems for both emission levels and cost of electricity is critical to achieving this goal. A technical issue is the ability to use a wide range of coal and petroleum-based fuel gases in conventional gas turbine combustor hardware. In order to characterize the acceptability of these syngases for gas turbines, combustion studies were conducted with simulated coal gases using full-scale advanced gas turbine (7F) combustor components. It was found that NOx emissions could be correlated as a simple function of stoichiometric flame temperature for a wide range of heating values while CO emissions were shown to depend primarily on the H2 content of the fuel below heating values of 130 Btu/scf (5125 kJ/NM3) and for H2/CO ratios less than unity. The test program further demonstrated the capability of advanced can-annular combustion systems to burn fuels from air-blown gasifiers with fuel lower heating values as low as 90 Btu/scf (3548 kJ/NM3) at 2300°F (1260°C) firing temperature. In support of ongoing economic studies, numerous IGCC system evaluations have been conducted incorporating a majority of the commercial or near-commercial coal gasification systems coupled with “F” series gas turbine combined cycles. Both oxygen and air-blown configurations have been studied, in some cases with high and low-temperature gas cleaning systems. It has been shown that system studies must start with the characteristics and limitations of the gas turbine if output and operating economics are to be optimized throughout the range of ambient operating temperature and load variation.

scholarly journals Externally Fired Combined Cycles (EFCC): Part A — Thermodynamics and Technological Issues

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Ennio Macchi ◽  
Francesco Farina
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

Externally Fired Combined Cycles (EFCC) are one of the options allowing the use of “dirty” fuels like coal, biomass or waste in conjunction with modern, high efficiency gas turbines. The plant concept comprises an indirect-contact ceramic heat exchanger where compressed air exiting the gas turbine compressor is heated by hot combustion gases; the combustor is placed downstream the turbine and operates at nearly atmospheric pressure. From a thermodynamic standpoint, the cycle is equivalent to a combined cycle with supplementary firing. Attainable efficiencies are higher than those achievable by steam cycles (even the most advanced ultra-supercritical), as well as those of most other coal-based technologies (PFBC and IGCC). These efficiency advantages must be weighted against the uncertainty (and risk) of the realization of high temperature ceramic heat exchangers, and the challenges for the design of the combustor. This two-part paper discusses thermodynamic, technological and economic issues crucial to the success of EFCCs, both for large scale utility service (3–400 MWe1 and more) and for medium/low scale applications (down to 30–50 MWe1). Part A addresses the most relevant thermodynamic and technological issues, performing comparisons with the technologies which will presumably dominate the coal-based power generation market of the next century.

scholarly journals Parametric Study of Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Performance

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Stephenson ◽  
Ian Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycles

A number of cycles have been proposed in which a solid oxide fuel cell is used as the topping cycle to a gas turbine, including those recently described by Beve et al. (1996). Such proposals frequently focus on the combination of particular gas turbines with particular fuel cells. In this paper, the development of more general models for a number of alternative cycles is described. These models incorporate variations of component performance with key cycle parameters such as gas turbine pressure ratio, fuel cell operating temperature and air flow. Parametric studies are conducted using these models to produce performance maps, giving overall cycle performance in terms of both gas turbine and fuel cell design point operating conditions. The location of potential gas turbine and fuel cell combinations on these maps is then used to identify which of these combinations are most likely to be appropriate for optimum efficiency and power output. It is well known, for example, that the design point of a gas turbine optimised for simple cycle performance is not generally optimal for combined cycle gas turbine performance. The same phenomenon may be observed in combined fuel cell and gas turbine cycles, where both the fuel cell and the gas turbine are likely to differ from those which would be selected for peak simple cycle efficiency. The implications of this for practical fuel cell and gas turbine combined cycles and for development targets for solid oxide fuel cells are discussed. Finally, a brief comparison of the economics of simple cycle fuel cells, simple cycle gas turbines and fuel cell and gas turbine combined cycles is presented, illustrating the benefits which could result.

Economic Assessment of Evaporative Gas Turbine Cycles With Optimized Part Flow Humidification Systems

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jonsson ◽  
Jinyue Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flow Case

This study is an economic assessment of evaporative and steam-injected cycles based on three gas turbines (Trent, GTX100 and Cyclone). The evaporative cycles included part or full flow humidification and steam injection. For the Trent and GTX100, part flow cases had the lowest costs of electricity (32.6 mills/kWh and 30.9 mills/kWh, respectively), while a full flow case had the lowest cost of electricity (35.3 mills/kWh) for the Cyclone. However, the cost variations between different cycles were small: below 1% (0.4 mills/kWh) for the GTX100 and Cyclone cases and below 3% (0.9 mills/kWh) for the Trent cases. The specific investment costs were lower for part flow evaporative cycles than for full flow cycles, while steam-injected cycles had the lowest specific investment costs. The Trent and GTX100 evaporative cycles had significantly lower total and specific investment costs than combined cycles, while the costs of electricity were approximately the same.

Parametric Analysis of Combined Cycles Equipped With Inlet Fogging

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Power Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycles

In recent years, deregulation in the power generation market worldwide combined with significant variation in fuel prices and a need for flexibility in terms of power augmentation specially during periods of high electricity demand (summer months or noon to 6:00 p.m.) has forced electric utilities, cogenerators and independent power producers to explore new power generation enhancement technologies. In the last five to ten years, inlet fogging approach has shown more promising results to recover lost power output due to increased ambient temperature compared to the other available power enhancement techniques. This paper presents the first systematic study on the effects of both inlet evaporative and overspray fogging on a wide range of combined cycle power plants utilizing gas turbines available from the major gas turbine manufacturers worldwide. A brief discussion on the thermodynamic considerations of inlet and overspray fogging including the effect of droplet dimension is also presented. Based on the analyzed systems, the results show that high pressure inlet fogging influences performance of a combined cycle power plant using an aero-derivative gas turbine differently than with an advanced technology or a traditional gas turbine. Possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.

scholarly journals Stand-By Forced Draft Fan Versus Supercharging Gas Turbines for Pre-Combustion Air to Fully Fired Boilers in Combined Cycles

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
First Case ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Forced Draft ◽  
Technical Features

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technical features of two different arrangements of supplying fresh air to the boilers in fully fired combined cycles for continuous boiler operation using a forced draft fan when the gas turbine is out of service. The first case is the conventional stand-by forced draft fan and the second is the supercharged fan arrangement. Two methods of separating the cycles are reviewed in detail: a) Cold start-up of system. b) While operating in the combined cycle mode, the gas turbine trips. c) While operating the boiler with fresh air firing the gas turbine is started for combined cycle operation. d) Normal shut down of the gas turbine. e) While operating in the combined cycle mode, the boiler trips. This paper presents the results of a study of a 350-MW combined cycle power plant for Alsands Energy Ltd., of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maunsbach ◽  
A. Isaksson ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
G. Svedberg ◽  
L. Eidensten
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Combined Cycles

The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.

New Possibilities for Combined Cycles Through Advanced Steam Technology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Jordal ◽  
Jens Fridh ◽  
La´szlo´ Hunyadi ◽  
Mikael Jo¨nsson ◽  
Ulf Linder
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Exhaust Duct ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Efficient Power

In order to improve the performance of the combined cycle, much effort has been spent over the past decade on increasing gas turbine performance. As a contrast to this, the present work focuses on possibilities for combined cycle performance enhancement through present and expected future steam cycle and boiler technology. The use of various heat recovery steam generators, (single and dual pressure) with or without supplementary firing are studied, in combination with steam turbine admission temperatures of up till 973 K. Supplementary firing is applied either in the entire gas turbine exhaust duct or in part of it, in a so-called split-stream boiler (SSB). Furthermore, the flashing of pressurized water from an overdimensioned economiser in the SSB, to produce steam for gas turbine vane cooling is studied. Many of the supplementary fired cycles studied are found to have a thermal efficiency superior of the unfired cycles, based on the same gas turbines. Hence, available steam technology and expected future development mean that most of the cycles studied are realistic concepts that merit further attention in the quest for more efficient power production.

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