Mechanism and Control of Cloud Cavitation

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawanami ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
H. Yamaguchi ◽  
M. Tanimura ◽  
Y. Tagaya
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Foil Surface ◽  
Cavitation Noise ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
And Control ◽  
Small Obstacle

Generation mechanism of cloud cavitation on a hydrofoil section was investigated in a sequence of experiments through observation of cloud cavitation by high-speed video and high-speed photo as well as pressure measurements by pressure pick-ups and a hydrophone. The mechanism was also investigated by controlling cloud cavitation with an obstacle fitted on the foil surface. From the results of these experiments, it was found that the collapse of a sheet cavity is triggered by a re-entrant jet rushing from the trailing edge to the leading edge of the sheet cavity, and consequently, the sheet cavity is shed in the vicinity of its leading edge and thrown downstream as a cluster of bubbles called cloud cavity. In other words, the re-entrant jet gives rise to cloud cavitation. Moreover, cloud cavitation could be controlled effectively by a small obstacle placed on the foil. It resulted in reduction of foil drag and cavitation noise.

Investigation of Unsteady Sheet Cavitation and Cloud Cavitation Mechanisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Pham ◽  
F. Larrarte ◽  
D. H. Fruman
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Foil Surface ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Fluctuating Pressure ◽  
Sheet Cavitation ◽  
Cavitation Instability ◽  
Unsteady Characteristics

Sheet cavitation on a foil section and, in particular, its unsteady characteristics leading to cloud cavitation, were experimentally investigated using high-speed visualizations and fluctuating pressure measurements. Two sources of sheet cavitation instability were evidenced, the re-entrant jet and small interfacial waves. The dynamics of the re-entrant jet was studied using surface electrical probes. Its mean velocity at different distances from the leading edge was determined and its role in promoting the unsteadiness of the sheet cavitation and generating large cloud shedding was demonstrated. The effect of gravity on the dynamics of the re-entrant jet and the development of interfacial perturbations were examined and interpreted. Finally, control of cloud cavitation using various means, such as positioning a tiny obstacle (barrier) on the foil surface or performing air injection through a slit situated in the vicinity of the leading edge, was investigated. It was shown that these were very effective methods for decreasing the amplitude of the instabilities and even eliminating them.

Effects of Alternate Leading Edge Cutback on Unsteady Cavitation in 4-Bladed Inducers

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Yoshida ◽  
Yoshinobu Tsujimoto ◽  
Dai Kataoka ◽  
Hironori Horiguchi ◽  
Fabien Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Cavitation Performance ◽  
Wide Range

A set of 4-bladed inducers with various amounts of cutback was tested with the aim of suppressing the rotating cavitation by applying alternate leading edge cutback. Unsteady cavitation patterns were observed by means of inlet pressure measurements and high-speed video pictures. It was found that the region with the alternate blade cavitation and asymmetric cavitation were enlarged with the increase of the amount of the cutback. As a result, the region with the rotating cavitation was diminished. At low flow rate, two types of alternate blade cavitation were found as predicted theoretically on 4-bladed inducer with smaller uneven blade length. One of them is with longer cavities on longer blades, and the other is with longer cavities on shorter blades. Switch was observed in these alternate blade cavitation patterns depending whether the cavitation number was increased or decreased. For an inducer with larger amount of cutback, the rotating cavitation and cavitation surge were almost suppressed as expected for a wide range of flow rate and cavitation number, although the cavitation performance was deteriorated. However, we should note that an asymmetric cavitation pattern occurs more easily in inducers with alternate leading edge cutback, and that the unevenness due to the cutback causes uneven blade stress.

Transcritical Patterns of Cavitating Flow and Trends of Acoustic Level

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gu ◽  
Yousheng He ◽  
Tianqun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Periodic Flow ◽  
Cavitating Flows ◽  
Cavitation Noise ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Cavity Shedding ◽  
Axisymmetric Bodies

Hydroacoustics of the transcritical cavitating flows on a NACA16012 hydrofoil at a 2/5/8-degree angle of attack and axisymmetric bodies with hemispherical and 45-degree conical headforms were studied, and the process of cloud cavitation shedding was observed by means of high-speed cinegraphy. By expressing the cavitation noise with partial acoustic level, it is found that the development of cavitation noise varies correspondingly with cavitation patterns. The instability of cavitation is a result of cavity-flow interaction, and is mainly affected by the liquid flow rather than by the cavitation bubbles. A periodic flow structure with a large cavitation vortex is observed and found to be responsible for inducing the reentrant-jet and consequent cavitation shedding, and explains the mechanism of periodic cavitation shedding from a new viewpoint. New terms for the three stages, growing, hatching and breaking, are used to describe the process of cavity shedding.

scholarly journals Reflected Near-field Blast Pressure Measurements Using High Speed Video

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Rigby ◽  
R. Knighton ◽  
S. D. Clarke ◽  
A. Tyas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Blast Pressure ◽  
High Speed Video

scholarly journals Interpreting Aerodynamics of a Transonic Impeller from Static Pressure Measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Lou ◽  
John Charles Fabian ◽  
Nicole Leanne Key
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Supersonic Inlet ◽  
Mach Numbers ◽  
Inlet Conditions

This paper investigates the aerodynamics of a transonic impeller using static pressure measurements. The impeller is a high-speed, high-pressure-ratio wheel used in small gas turbine engines. The experiment was conducted on the single stage centrifugal compressor facility in the compressor research laboratory at Purdue University. Data were acquired from choke to near-surge at four different corrected speeds (Nc) from 80% to 100% design speed, which covers both subsonic and supersonic inlet conditions. Details of the impeller flow field are discussed using data acquired from both steady and time-resolved static pressure measurements along the impeller shroud. The flow field is compared at different loading conditions, from subsonic to supersonic inlet conditions. The impeller performance was strongly dependent on the inducer, where the majority of relative diffusion occurs. The inducer diffuses flow more efficiently for inlet tip relative Mach numbers close to unity, and the performance diminishes at other Mach numbers. Shock waves emerging upstream of the impeller leading edge were observed from 90% to 100% corrected speed, and they move towards the impeller trailing edge as the inlet tip relative Mach number increases. There is no shock wave present in the inducer at 80% corrected speed. However, a high-loss region near the inducer throat was observed at 80% corrected speed resulting in a lower impeller efficiency at subsonic inlet conditions.

Effect of Leading Edge Sweep on Cavitation Performance of Two-Bladed Flat Plate Inducer

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaki Igoshi ◽  
Yuki Uchinono ◽  
Emosi Koroitamana ◽  
Koichi Ishizaka ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Cavitation Performance ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Flow Rate Range ◽  
Suction Performance

The installation of inducer upstream of main impeller is an effective method to improve the suction performance of turbopump. However, various types of cavitation instabilities are known to occur even at the designed flow rate as well as in the partial flow rate range. In the present study, we focus on the leading edge sweep of inducer and investigate its effect on the suction performance as well as on the onset of cavitation surge phenomenon. Flow measurements including casing wall pressure measurements, high-speed video observations, and limiting streamline observations are carried out, and discussions will be made based on those results about the influence of backward leading edge sweep on the internal flow of the inducer as well as its relation to the cavitation performance.

scholarly journals Investigation of Cavitation Noise in Cavitating Flows around an NACA0015 Hydrofoil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
An Yu ◽  
Xincheng Wang ◽  
Zhipeng Zou ◽  
Qinghong Tang ◽  
Huixiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Power Spectral Density ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Cavitation Number ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Cavitation Noise ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Sheet Cavitation ◽  
Power Spectral

To provide theoretical basis for cavitation noise control, the cavitation evolution around a hydrofoil and its induced noise were numerically investigated. A modified turbulence model and Zwart cavitation model were employed to calculate the flow field and predict the cavitation phenomenon accurately. Then, the acoustic analogy method based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawking (FW-H) equation was applied to analyze the cavitation-induced noise. Seven cavitation numbers were selected for analysis. Acoustic power spectral density (PSD) and acoustic pressure were investigated to establish the relationship between cavitation number and their acoustic characteristics. It was indicated that as cavitation number decreases, cavitation cycle length gets shorter and the magnitude of acoustic power spectral density increases dramatically. One peak value of acoustic power spectral density induced by the extending and retracting of leading-edge cavitation can be obtained under sheet cavitation conditions, while under cloud cavitation, two peak values of acoustic power spectral density can be obtained and are induced by superposition from leading-edge cavitation and trailing vortex.

Reentrant Motion in Cloud Cavitation due to Cloud Collapse and Pressure Wave Propagation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Sato ◽  
Youhei Wada ◽  
Yoshitaka Noto ◽  
Yasuhiro Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Frame Difference ◽  
Cavity Closure

It is well known that reentrant jet motion in periodic cloud cavitation means upward flow from the cavity closure area of cloud cavitation. However the mechanism of reentrant motion seems to remain unsolved clearly. In the present study some experiments were conducted about the mechanism of reentrant motion in a fixed type cavity for a convergent-divergent nozzle. High speed video observation and image analysis based on the frame difference method were made about unsteady cloud cavitation with a periodic structure of cavitation cloud shedding. As a result, the main points are experimentally found as follows; 1) a typical pattern of reentrant motions can be caused by the pressure wave propagation from the collapse of cavitation cloud shed downstream and 2) the frame difference method is very useful in an image analysis for high speed video observation of cavitating flow because the trajectory of pressure waves can be clearly visualized by the method.

Scale Effects on the Cavitation Development in Fluid Machinery

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Yu ◽  
Xianwu Luo ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Bin Ji ◽  
Hongyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Cavitation Model ◽  
Fluid Machinery ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Sheet Cavitation

The prediction of cavitation in a design procedure is very important for fluid machinery. However, the behaviors of cavitation development in the flow passage are believed to be much different due to scale effects, when the characteristic size varies greatly for fluid machines such as pumps, turbines and propellers. In order to understand the differences in cavitation development, the evolution of cavity pattern in two hydro foils were recorded by high-speed video apparatus. Both foils have the same section profile, and their chord lengths are 70mm and 14mm respectively. For comparison, the cavitating flows around two foils were numerically simulated using a cavitation model based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation and SST k-ω turbulence model. The experiments depicted that for both hydro foils, there was attached sheet cavitation near the leading edge, which separated from the rear part of the cavity and collapsed near the foil trailing edge. There was clear cloud cavitation in the case of the mini foil. The results also indicated that the numerical simulation captured the cavitation evolution for the ordinary foil quite well compared with the experiments, but could hardly predict the cloud cavitation for the mini foil. Thus, it is believed that both the cavitation model and the turbulence model should be carefully treated for the scale effect on cavitation development in fluid machinery.

scholarly journals Observations of shock waves in cloud cavitation

1998 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 255-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. REISMAN ◽  
Y.-C. WANG ◽  
C. E. BRENNEN
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Cavitating Flows ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
New Perspective

This paper describes an investigation of the dynamics and acoustics of cloud cavitation, the structures which are often formed by the periodic breakup and collapse of a sheet or vortex cavity. This form of cavitation frequently causes severe noise and damage, though the precise mechanism responsible for the enhancement of these adverse effects is not fully understood. In this paper, we investigate the large impulsive surface pressures generated by this type of cavitation and correlate these with the images from high-speed motion pictures. This reveals that several types of propagating structures (shock waves) are formed in a collapsing cloud and dictate the dynamics and acoustics of collapse. One type of shock wave structure is associated with the coherent collapse of a well-defined and separate cloud when it is convected into a region of higher pressure. This type of global structure causes the largest impulsive pressures and radiated noise. But two other types of structure, termed ‘crescent-shaped regions’ and ‘leading-edge structures’ occur during the less-coherent collapse of clouds. These local events are smaller and therefore produce less radiated noise but the interior pressure pulse magnitudes are almost as large as those produced by the global events.The ubiquity and severity of these propagating shock wave structures provides a new perspective on the mechanisms reponsible for noise and damage in cavitating flows involving clouds of bubbles. It would appear that shock wave dynamics rather than the collapse dynamics of single bubbles determine the damage and noise in many cavitating flows.

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