In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement: Requirements for On-Board Engine Control

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Denox Catalysts

During these last years, passenger vehicles have been equipped with an increasing number of sensors, in an effort to monitor and control their behavior in terms of global performance and emissions. This, together with constantly increasing electronic control unit computing power and data storage capabilities, allowed the development of more efficient engine-vehicle control strategies. In this perspective, new sensors will be employed as soon as their use will be shown to be necessary to design new engine control and diagnostic strategies, and their cost and expected life will be compatible with on-board application. A sensor that has been largely studied in recent years is the in-cylinder pressure one: advanced engine control strategies that make use of the signal coming from such a sensor have been investigated, while reliable and low-cost sensors are being developed to survive for the vehicle life the harsh on-board environment. The signal coming from the in-cylinder pressure is, in fact, very rich in information and could be used, for example, to improve engine torque management (by directly computing the instantaneous indicated torque), to improve air∕fuel ratio control, misfire and knock detection capabilities, engine emission estimation (to be used for DeNOx catalysts purging management as an example), residual gas fraction estimation, etc. Many sensor concepts have been developed, although none seems to actually fully meet both the precision and low-cost requirements necessary for on-board application. This work deals with defining the sensor precision characteristics necessary to effectively implement the aforementioned engine control and diagnostic capabilities improvements. In particular, it will be shown that only the low-frequency signal content has to be precisely measured and is critical for certain application. In addition, the importance of a correct reference of the in-cylinder pressure signal is discussed, and a novel methodology to quickly obtain this information once the engine has been setup with a proper in-cylinder pressure sensor is discussed.

In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement: Requirements for On-Board Engine Control

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Denox Catalysts

During these last years, passenger vehicles have been equipped with an increasing number of sensors, in an effort to monitor and control their behavior in terms of global performance and emissions. This, together with constantly increasing Electronic Control Unit (ECU) computing power and data storage capabilities, allowed the development of more efficient engine–vehicle control strategies. In this perspective, new sensors will be employed as soon as their use will be shown to be necessary to design new engine control and diagnostic strategies, and their cost and expected life will be compatible with on-board application. A sensor that has been largely studied in recent years is the in-cylinder pressure one: advanced engine control strategies that make use of the signal coming from such a sensor have been investigated, while reliable and low-cost sensors are being developed to survive for the vehicle life the harsh on-board environment. The signal coming from the in-cylinder pressure is in fact very rich in information and could be used for example to improve engine torque management (by directly computing the instantaneous indicated torque), to improve Air/Fuel Ratio (AFR) control, misfire and knock detection capabilities, engine emission estimation (to be used for DeNOX catalysts purging management as an example), residual gas fraction estimation, … Many sensor concepts have been developed, although none seems to actually meet both the precision and low-cost requirements necessary for on-board application. This work deals with defining the sensor precision characteristics necessary to effectively implement the aforementioned engine control and diagnostic capabilities improvements. In particular it will be shown that only the low-frequency signal content has to be precisely measured and is critical for certain application. In addition the importance of a correct reference of the in-cylinder pressure signal is discussed, and a novel methodology to quickly obtain this information once the engine has been setup with a proper in-cylinder pressure sensor is discussed.

Cylinder-Pressure-Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Pressure Sensors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Sellnau ◽  
Frederic A. Matekunas ◽  
Paul A. Battiston ◽  
Chen-Fang Chang ◽  
David R. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure

Smart rule-based diesel engine control strategies by means of predictive driving information

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vagnoni ◽  
Markus Eisenbarth ◽  
Jakob Andert ◽  
Giuseppe Sammito ◽  
Joschka Schaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Prediction Horizon ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Path Control

The increasing connectivity of future vehicles allows the prediction of the powertrain operational profiles. This technology will improve the transient control of the engine and its exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. This article describes the development of a rule-based algorithm for the air path control, which uses the knowledge of upcoming driving events to reduce especially [Formula: see text] and particulate (soot) emissions. In the first section of this article, the boosting and the lean [Formula: see text] trap systems of a diesel powertrain are investigated as relevant sub-systems for shorter prediction horizons, suitable for Car-to-X communication range. Reference control strategies, based on state-of-the-art engine control unit algorithms and suitable predictive control logics, are compared for the two sub-systems in a model in the loop simulation environment. The simulation driving cycles are based on Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle and Real Driving Emissions regulations. Due to the shorter, and consequently more probable, prediction horizon and the demonstrated emission improvements, a dedicated rule-based algorithm for the air path control is developed and benchmarked in the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle as described in the second part of this article. Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle test results show an improvement potential for engine-out soot and [Formula: see text] emissions of up to 5.2% and 1.2%, respectively, for the air path case and a reduction of the average fuel consumption in Real Driving Emissions of up to 1% for the lean NOx trap case. In addition, the developed rule-based algorithm allows the adjustment of the desired NOx–soot trade-off, while keeping the fuel consumption constant. The study concludes with brief recommendations for future research directions, as for example, the introduction of a prediction module for the estimation of the vehicle operational profile in the prediction horizon.

On-Board Indicated Pressure and Torque Estimation in Engines With a High Number of Cylinders

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Corti ◽  
Davide Moro
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithm ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Torque Estimation ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

In recent years engine control development focused the attention on torque-based models, that allow improving driveability and implementing traction control strategies. The design of such a torque-based engine control strategy requires the knowledge of the torque produce by the engine, which depends on fuel injection time, spark advance, throttle opening, EGR command, … In the actual engine control strategies this is mainly done by means of static maps stored in the ECU memory. The real engine torque production under every operating condition can be evaluated by means of the in-cylinder pressure estimation, thus allowing a torque based closed loop control strategy. Many approaches are present in the literature showing the possibility of on-board estimating the actual torque produced by the engine not simply by using static maps, but estimating it through other measured signals. Most of the methodologies that do not require a specific sensor placed on the engine are based either on the engine speed fluctuations (measured by a pick-up facing the flywheel teeth) or on the engine block vibrations (measured by the knock sensor), performing better for engines with a low number of cylinders. The paper presents an original methodology based on the instantaneous engine speed fluctuations, that has been usefully applied to engines with higher number of cylinders. The methodology is based on the observation of the speed fluctuations in a crankshaft window inside the expansion stroke and on the hypothesis that there exists a strong correlation between these engine speed fluctuations and pressure inside the selected cylinder. This relationship has been characterized using Frequency Response Functions (FRF) for each steady-state engine operating condition. In the following the FRFs have been used to perform in-cylinder pressure and then indicated torque estimation under every operating condition, and a specific signal processing algorithm has been developed in order to apply the procedure during speed and load engine transients. The experimental tests have been conducted mounting a six-cylinder turbo-charged spark-ignited engine in a test cell. The application on-board a vehicle of the same methodology seems to be feasible due to the quickness of the algorithm employed and the presence on-board of all the sensors required for the implementation.

Model-Based Design and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Engine Lean Operation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushkar Agashe ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Hil Simulation

This paper presents model-based design and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of engine lean operation. The functionalities of the homogeneous combustion subsystem in engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU) in dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models (ASM) are first analyzed. To control the gasoline engine in lean operation without the drop of output torque, the combustion subsystem in engine ECU is modified by introducing two control loops, torque modifier and fuel multiplier. The performance of these two controllers is evaluated by HIL simulation using a dSPACE HIL simulator. The HIL simulation models, including vehicle plant model and softECUs in HIL simulator and engine lean control model in hardware engine ECU are modeled using model-based design. With HIL simulation, the designed engine control strategies can be immediately tested to evaluate the overall vehicle performance. The HIL simulation results show that the designed lean combustion control strategy can reduce fuel consumption and is able to meet the torque requirement at lean engine operating conditions.

scholarly journals Model-Based Pre-Ignition Diagnostics in a Race Car Application

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Carlo Bussi
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Pressure Trace ◽  
And Control

Since 2014, Formula 1 engines have been turbocharged spark-ignited engines. In this scenario, the maximum engine power available in full-load conditions can be achieved only by optimizing combustion phasing within the cycle, i.e., by advancing the center of combustion until the limit established by the occurrence of abnormal combustion. High in-cylinder pressure peaks and the possible occurrence of knocking combustion significantly increase the heat transfer to the walls and might generate hot spots inside the combustion chamber. This work presents a methodology suitable to properly diagnose and control the occurrence of pre-ignition events that emanate from hot spots. The methodology is based on a control-oriented model of the ignition delay, which is compared to the actual ignition delay calculated from the real-time processing of the in-cylinder pressure trace. When the measured ignition delay becomes significantly smaller than that modeled, it means that ignition has been activated by a hot spot instead of the spark plug. In this case, the presented approach, implemented in the electronic control unit (ECU) that manages the whole hybrid power unit, detects a pre-ignition event and corrects the injection pattern to avoid the occurrence of further abnormal combustion.

scholarly journals A Recent Electronic Control Circuit to a Throttle Device

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Acho ◽  
Gisela Pujol-Vázquez ◽  
José Gibergans-Báguena
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Electronic Controller ◽  
Throttle Device

The main objective of this paper was to conceive a new electronic control circuit to the throttle device. The throttle mechanical actuator is the most important part in an automotive gasoline engine. Among the different control strategies recently reported, an easy to implement control scheme is an open research topic in the analog electronic engineering field. Hence, we propose using the nonlinear dwell switching control theory for an analog electronic control unit, to manipulate an automotive throttle plate. Due to the switching mechanism commuting between a stable and an unstable controllers, the resultant closed-loop system is robust enough to the control objective. This fact is experimentally evidenced. The proposed electronic controller uses operational amplifiers along with an Arduino unit. This unit is just employed to generate the related switching signal that can be replaced by using, for instance, the timer IC555. Thus, this study is a contribution on design and realization of an electronic control circuit to the throttle device.

The Application of CAN Bus Microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 in Automotive Electronic Control Unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2608-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Li Ren He
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Automotive Electronic

Take the microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 which integrated CAN controller for example, the design of automotive electronic control unit was introduced, meanwhile shown the hardware structure and software design processes. This circuit has characteristics of simple hardware, low cost, high reliability, real-time. It has provided a scientific basis for the development of the CAN communication electronic control unit based on MC9S08DZ60 microprocessor.

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