Combustion Chamber Steam Injection for Gas Turbine Performance Improvement During High Ambient Temperature Operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Bouam ◽  
Slimane Aissani ◽  
Rabah Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The gas turbines are generally used for large scale power generation. The basic gas turbine cycle has low thermal efficiency, which decreases in the hard climatic conditions of operation, so the cycles with thermodynamic improvement is found to be necessary. Among several methods shown their success in increasing the performances, the steam injected gas turbine cycle (STIG) consists of introducing a high amount of steam at various points in the cycle. The main purpose of the present work is to improve the principal characteristics of gas turbine used under hard condition of temperature in Algerian Sahara by injecting steam in the combustion chamber. The suggested method has been studied and compared to a simple cycle. Efficiency, however, is held constant when the ambient temperature increases from ISO conditions to 50°C. Computer program has been developed for various gas turbine processes including the effects of ambient temperature, pressure ratio, injection parameters, standard temperature, and combustion chamber temperature with and without steam injection. Data from the performance testing of an industrial gas turbine, computer model, and theoretical study are used to check the validity of the proposed model. The comparison of the predicted results to the test data is in good agreement. Starting from the advantages, we recommend the use of this method in the industry of hydrocarbons. This study can be contributed for experimental tests.

Influence of Steam Injection on Thermal Efficiency and Operating Temperature of GE-F5 Gas Turbines Applying VODOLEY System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghazikhani ◽  
Nima Manshoori ◽  
Davood Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

An industrial gas turbine has the characteristic that turbine output decreases on hot summer days when electricity demand peaks. For GE-F5 gas turbines of Mashad Power Plant when ambient temperature increases 1° C, compressor outlet temperature increases 1.13° C and turbine exhaust temperature increases 2.5° C. Also air mass flow rate decreases about 0.6 kg/sec when ambient temperature increases 1° C, so it is revealed that variations are more due to decreasing in the efficiency of compressor and less due to reduction in mass flow rate of air as ambient temperature increases in constant power output. The cycle efficiency of these GE-F5 gas turbines reduces 3 percent with increasing 50° C of ambient temperature, also the fuel consumption increases as ambient temperature increases for constant turbine work. These are also because of reducing in the compressor efficiency in high temperature ambient. Steam injection in gas turbines is a way to prevent a loss in performance of gas turbines caused by high ambient temperature and has been used for many years. VODOLEY system is a steam injection system, which is known as a self-sufficient one in steam production. The amount of water vapor in combustion products will become regenerated in a contact condenser and after passing through a heat recovery boiler is injected in the transition piece after combustion chamber. In this paper the influence of steam injection in Mashad Power Plant GE-F5 gas turbine parameters, applying VODOLEY system, is being observed. Results show that in this turbine, the turbine inlet temperature (T3) decreases in a range of 5 percent to 11 percent depending on ambient temperature, so the operating parameters in a gas turbine cycle equipped with VODOLEY system in 40° C of ambient temperature is the same as simple gas turbine cycle in 10° C of ambient temperature. Results show that the thermal efficiency increases up to 10 percent, but Back-Work ratio increases in a range of 15 percent to 30 percent. Also results show that although VODOLEY system has water treatment cost but by using this system the running cost will reduce up to 27 percent.

Performance Assessment of Steam Injection Gas Turbine With Inlet Air Cooling

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo M. Bartolini ◽  
Danilo Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling

The steam generated through the use of waste heat recovered from a steam injection gas turbine generally exceeds the maximum mass of steam which can be injected into steam injection gas turbine. The ratio between the steam and air flowing into the engine is not more than 10–15%, as an increase in the pressure ratio can cause the compressor to stall. Naturally, the surplus steam can be utilized for a variety of alternative applications. During the warmer months, the ambient temperature increases and results in reduced thermal efficiency and electrical capacity. An inlet air cooling system for the compressor on a steam injection gas turbine would increase the rating and efficiency of power plants which use this type of equipment. In order to improve the performance of steam injection gas turbines, the authors investigated the option of cooling the intake air to the compressor by harnessing the thermal energy not used to produce the maximum quantity of steam that can be injected into the engine. This alternative use of waste energy makes it possible to reach maximum efficiency in terms of waste recovery. This study examined absorption refrigeration technology, which is one of the various systems adopted to increase efficiency and power rating. The system itself consists of a steam injection gas turbine and a heat recovery and absorption unit, while a computer model was utilized to evaluate the off design performance of the system. The input data required for the model were the following: an operating point, the turbine and compressor curves, the heat recovery and chiller specifications. The performance of an Allison 501 KH steam injection gas plant was analyzed by taking into consideration representative ambient temperature and humidity ranges, the optimal location of the chiller in light of all the factors involved, and which of three possible air cooling systems was the most economically suitable. In order to verify the technical feasibility of the hypothetical model, an economic study was performed on the costs for upgrading the existing steam injection gas cogeneration unit. The results indicate that the estimated pay back period for the project would be four years. In light of these findings, there are clear technical advantages to using gas turbine cogeneration with absorption air cooling in terms of investment.

Development of an Improved Desiccant-Based Evaporative Cooling System for Gas Turbines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abbas Zadpoor ◽  
Ali Asadi Nikooyan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The evaporative inlet cooling systems used for inlet cooling of gas turbines during hot summers do not work well in humid areas. However, desiccant wheels can be used to dehumidify the air before passing it trough the evaporative cooler. Since the desiccant wheels work adiabatically, the resulting air is hotter than the air introduced to the wheel and an evaporative cooling system is used to cool down the dehumidified air. Combined direct and indirect evaporative coolers have been already used to investigate the effects of dehumidification on the effectiveness of the evaporation cooling systems. It is shown that a single desiccant wheel does not offer much higher effectiveness compared to the multiple-stage evaporative systems. In this paper, an improved version of the desiccant inlet cooling system is presented. Additional dehumidification and indirect evaporative cooling stages are added to increase the effectiveness of the inlet cooling. A typical gas turbine cycle along with an industrial gas turbine with actual performance curves are used to simulate the thermal cycle in presence of the different inlet cooling systems. The simulations are carried out for three different climatic conditions. The improved and original desiccant-based systems are compared and it is shown that the added stages substantially improve the effectiveness of the desiccant-based inlet cooling.

Gas Turbines with Heat Exchanger and Water Injection in the Compressed Air

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gašparović ◽  
J. G. Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Water injection into the compressed air between the compressor and the heat exchanger of a gas turbine plant represents only one of various possible methods of introducing water into a gas turbine cycle. With this process, it is advantageous to inject just sufficient water to produce saturation of the compressed air with water vapour. Assuming that the same size of heat exchanger is used, the following changes are introduced as compared with a gas turbine cycle without water injection. The efficiency is increased to an extent equivalent to raising the temperature at the turbine inlet by 100 degC. The gain in specific work is still greater. It attains values which can only be achieved with about 140 degC higher temperature at the turbine inlet. With a normal size of heat exchanger, the water consumption is about 6–8 per cent of the mass flow of air. This rate of consumption is not high enough to introduce any detrimental side effects in the cycle. Special water treatment is not necessary. The performance of existing designs or installations without a heat exchanger can be improved by adding a heat exchanger and water injection without necessitating any change in pressure ratio.

Genetic Optimization of Steam Injected Gas Turbine Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sinan Akmandor ◽  
O¨zhan O¨ksu¨z ◽  
Sec¸kin Go¨kaltun ◽  
Melih Han Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio

A new methodology is developed to find the optimal steam injection levels in simple and combined cycle gas turbine power plants. When steam injection process is being applied to simple cycle gas turbines, it is shown to offer many benefits, including increased power output and efficiency as well as reduced exhaust emissions. For combined cycle power plants, steam injection in the gas turbine, significantly decreases the amount of flow and energy through the steam turbine and the overall power output of the combined cycle is decreased. This study focuses on finding the maximum power output and efficiency of steam injected simple and combined cycle gas turbines. For that purpose, the thermodynamic cycle analysis and a genetic algorithm are linked within an automated design loop. The multi-parameter objective function is either based on the power output or on the overall thermal efficiency. NOx levels have also been taken into account in a third objective function denoted as steam injection effectiveness. The calculations are done for a wide range of parameters such as compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, air and steam mass flow rates. Firstly, 6 widely used simple and combined cycle power plants performance are used as test cases for thermodynamic cycle validation. Secondly, gas turbine main parameters are modified to yield the maximum generator power and thermal efficiency. Finally, the effects of uniform crossover, creep mutation, different random number seeds, population size and the number of children per pair of parents on the performance of the genetic algorithm are studied. Parametric analyses show that application of high turbine inlet temperature, high air mass flow rate and no steam injection lead to high power and high combined cycle thermal efficiency. On the contrary, when NOx reduction is desired, steam injection is necessary. For simple cycle, almost full amount of steam injection is required to increase power and efficiency as well as to reduce NOx. Moreover, it is found that the compressor pressure ratio for high power output is significantly lower than the compressor pressure ratio that drives the high thermal efficiency.

Development of a Low-NOX Hydrogen-Fuelled Combustor for 10 MW Class Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cocchi ◽  
Stefano Sigali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Full Pressure

In the context of a research project launched in 2006 (partially funded by Regione Veneto, a local institution in the Northeast of Italy), ENEL and GE Oil & Gas are developing an innovative “zero emission” gas turbine cycle suitable for power generation. The gas turbine, a GE10-1 model, is manufactured by GE Oil & Gas and features a single can silo-type combustion chamber. A hydrogen-fuelled GE10-1 prototypical unit has been installed in Fusina (Venice), at ENEL’s coal-fired power plant, and has been in operation since September, 2009. The prototypical unit is equipped with a diffusive flame combustor, and the NOx emission level is kept below contractual limits by means of steam injection. In the mean time, further research activities have been carried out to develop an upgraded diffusive combustor, to be operated with 100% H2 and with NOx emissions reduced to below 50% of the current contractual limits. CFD has been extensively used (in cooperation with several Italian universities and research centers) in order to model and assess the behavior of the prototype combustor, and to define the preliminary design of modified burners and liners. Subsequently, the most promising configurations were engineered, procured and tested on a full-scale full-pressure combustion rig at ENEL’s experimental facility in Sesta (Tuscany). The behavior of alternative components has been monitored, with a focus on metal temperatures, pattern factor, pressure pulsations, and NOx emissions, and the performance has been compared to that of the prototypical combustor. As expected, the lowest NOx emissions were achieved with configurations having a lean primary combustion zone. Such configurations have proven to be capable of significantly reduced NOx emissions without increasing the amount of steam.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Pressure Gain Characteristics and Cycle Performance in Gas Turbines Based on Interstage Bleeding Rotating Detonation Combustion

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qi ◽  
Zhitao Wang ◽  
Ningbo Zhao ◽  
Yongqiang Dai ◽  
Hongtao Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Detonation Combustion ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Rotating Detonation

To further improve the cycle performance of gas turbines, a gas turbine cycle model based on interstage bleeding rotating detonation combustion was established using methane as fuel. Combined with a series of two-dimensional numerical simulations of a rotating detonation combustor (RDC) and calculations of cycle parameters, the pressure gain characteristics and cycle performance were investigated at different compressor pressure ratios in the study. The results showed that pressure gain characteristic of interstage bleeding RDC contributed to an obvious performance improvement in the rotating detonation gas turbine cycle compared with the conventional gas turbine cycle. The decrease of compressor pressure ratio had a positive influence on the performance improvement in the rotating detonation gas turbine cycle. With the decrease of compressor pressure ratio, the pressurization ratio of the RDC increased and finally made the power generation and cycle efficiency enhancement rates display uptrends. Under the calculated conditions, the pressurization ratios of RDC were all higher than 1.77, the decreases of turbine inlet total temperature were all more than 19 K, the power generation enhancements were all beyond 400 kW and the cycle efficiency enhancement rates were all greater than 6.72%.

Performance and Emission Levels in Gas Turbine Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bozza ◽  
R. Tuccillo ◽  
G. Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Performance And Emission

The rise in gas turbine combustion chamber temperatures requires optimal choices to be made with regard not only to performance parameters but also with a view to resolving pollutant emission problems. For this reason, the authors have set up a gas turbine cycle model, which performs an accurate analysis of several processes, in terms of operating fluid chemical and thermodynamic properties. The model also enables prediction of NOx formation based upon chemical kinetics and is able to relate the amount of pollutants to a number of operating parameters (e.g., cycle pressure ratio, fuel-to-air equivalence ratio, residence time in combustion chamber, etc.). It can also predict the effect of most usual NOx reduction systems, such as water or steam injection. A comparison of several possible choices for the gas and combined cycles is then presented, in terms of thermodynamic performance (e.g., first and second law analysis) and nitric and carbon dioxide emissions. In order to find the best compromise between performance improvement and limitation of pollutant emission, enhanced gas cycles are also considered, such as STIG or intercooled-reheat cycles. Examples also refer to medium or low Btu gases, obtained from coal gasification, in order to show not only the possible advantages in terms of thermal NOx reduction, but also the significant amounts of “fuel NOx” that can arise from ammonia contained in the fuel.

scholarly journals A 9.25 MW Industrial Gas Turbine With Extreme Low Dry NOx and CO Emissions

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J. Bauermeister ◽  
Bernhard Schetter ◽  
Klaus D. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

In cooperation between Siemens and MAN GHH an industrial gas turbine with an ISO rating of 9.2 5 MW was equipped with a dry low NOx combustion system. Using the hybrid burners of Siemens gas turbines, a new combustion chamber was developed for the gas turbine THM 1304 of MAN GHH. This gas turbine has two V-like arranged combustion chambers, which allow a redesign of the combustion chamber, without changing the remaining parts of the gas turbine and its casing. So it is possible as well, to fit present machines with new combustion chambers. The combustion chambers contain flame tubes of Siemens technology with ceramic tiles and the well proved hybrid burners. After calculation and design the air flow was examined in an isothermal flow model. Finally two prototypes of the combustion chamber mounted on a THM 1304 gas turbine were tested at the MAN GHH gas turbine test bed. Success came very quickly and the test runs are finished now. So for the first time the transfer of the well-known low emission values of the Siemens large scale gas turbines succeeded to an industrial gas turbine of the 10 MW class.

Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Technologies: A Systematic Comparative Evaluation Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Increasing electric rates in peak demand period, especially during summer months, are forcing power producers to look for gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs). One of the major undesirable features of all the gas turbines is that their power output and fuel efficiency decreases with increase in the ambient temperature resulting in significant loss in revenues particularly during peak hours. This paper presents a systematic comparative evaluation approach for various gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs) available in the market. The application of the discussed approach has been demonstrated by considering two commonly used gas turbine designs, namely, heavy-duty industrial and aeroderivative. The following PATs have been evaluated: inlet evaporative, inlet chilling, high pressure fogging, overspray, humid air injection and steam injection. The main emphasis of this paper is to provide a detailed comparative thermodynamic analysis of the considered PATs including the main variables, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity, which influence their performance in terms of power boost, heat rate reduction and auxiliary power consumption.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document