On Realization of Program Constraints: Part I—Theory

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Parczewski ◽  
Wojciech Blajer
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Control Forces ◽  
Program Constraint

The problem of realization of program constraints is considered. The classical theory approach based on replacing the constriant reactions by adequate control forces has been generalized to the case when the control forces are not collinear with program constraint vectors or, in the extreme, when the control forces do not project in these directions at all (control forces are tangent to constraint manifolds). A classification of possible ways of program constraint realization is proposed and a general solution of the problem is presented.

On a symbolic algebra for Hencky-Prandtl nets

1983 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Infinite Matrices ◽  
Symbolic Algebra ◽  
Series Representations ◽  
Plane Deformations

AbstractIn the classical theory of plane deformations in isotropic plastic media, the field equations are hyperbolic and the orthogonal families of characteristics are known as Hencky-Prandtl nets. Their distinctive geometry has been given symbolic expression by Collins (1968), in an algebra of infinite matrices associated with canonical series representations of the general solution. This has become the standard technique when investigating boundary-value problems, both analytically and numerically. The basic framework of the algebra is here reorganized and developed. A systematic approach then leads to new identities which are shown to be fundamental in the algebraic hierarchy.

scholarly journals THE ARABIC COGNATES OR ORIGINS OF PLURAL MARKERS IN WORLD LANGUAGES: A RADICAL LINGUISTIC THEORY APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
World Population ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
World Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
World Languages

This paper traces the Arabic origins of "plural markers" in world languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the main plural markers like cats/oxen in 60 world languages from 14 major and minor families- viz., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Turkic, Mayan, Altaic (Japonic), Niger-Congo, Bantu, Uto-Aztec, Tai-Kadai, Uralic, and Basque, which constitute 60% of world languages and whose speakers make up 96% of world population. The results clearly show that plural markers, which are limited to a few markers in all languages comprised of �s/-as/-at, -en, -im, -a/-e/-i/-o/-u, and �, have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change. Therefore, the results reject the traditional classification of the Comparative Method and/or Family Tree Model of such languages into separate, unrelated families, supporting instead the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which all world languages are related to one another, which eventually stemmed from a radical or root language which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic as the most conservative and productive language. In fact, Arabic can be safely said to be the radical language itself for, besides other linguistic features, sharing the plural cognates in this case with all the other languages alone.Keywords: Plurality, language families and relationships, radical world language, radical linguistic theory

scholarly journals Classification of historical buildings façade’s details on the basis of order theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vozniak ◽  
Andrey Butyrin
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Short Course

On the basis of theoretical works devoted to the classical theory of architecture, classification of details of facades of historical buildings built on the basis of order theory is presented. The main classification features are the location of elements on the facade and the complexity of the form making. The proposed classification allows covering the variety of types of historical elements of facades in a short course, which is important in the training of architects-restorers, as well as architects using order details. The principles of the proposed classification can be used to study the details of buildings of any stylistic architectural period based on classical order architecture.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Math national-standardized school exam test items in junior high school: What must be considered?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atin Argianti ◽  
Heri Retnawati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Test Instrument

National Standardized School Exam (USBN) is used to determine Student’s graduation. This research aims to determine the characteristics of items for Math USBN in SMP on grade 9. This kind of research is a descriptive-explorative quantitative research. The data collected is a USBN test instrument at SMP Negeri 3 Pati and participants' answers, which are collected by documentation. The USBN instrument was validated by experts and the characteristic items of USBN instrument were analyzed using the classical test theory approach. The question items of math USBN test at SMP Negeri 3 Pati is generally moderately good. Based on the classical theory approach, the result of the validity is 0.924. 56.7% of items are very valid. The reliability is 0.78 categorized as high reliability. Generally, Math USBN items are in the easy category with a percentage of 83.3%. The results of discrimination index indicate that in general, USBN items are in a moderate category with a percentage of 60%. The distraction effectiveness shows that USBN items are in the functional category with a percentage of 50%.

scholarly journals Transfer Pricing Pada Adaro Energy: Pendekatan Analisis Fungsional

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jonathan Hendrik Wibowo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Big Picture

This research examines the funtional analysis in the case of Adaro Indonesia and Coaltrade as reported by Global Witness in order to explain the practicality of functional analysis and its relation to the fairness aspect of transfer pricing. This research was perpetrated using a descriptive qualitative method and utilised secondary data obtained from Global Witness’ report and combined with other data from Adaro Energy’s annual report in order to reduce bias in the analysis. In making the analysis, this research used secondary data analysis strategy and grounded theory approach in order to make a valid reasoning. In practice, functional analysis involved some process and identification including identification of entity involved, identification of perspective in the analysis, identification of relevant business process in terms of asset usage and business risk, and the classification of business models. The results show that the transfer pricing scheme in which Coaltrade served as full risk distributor indicated unfairness in the compensation since Coaltrade was able to earn more profit than Adaro Indonesia despite the low risk nature of the business. In that sense, functional analysis is related to the fairness aspect of transfer pricing in some way in regards that functional analysis enables analyst to get the big picture on the compensation earned by each entity invovled. An indication of unfair transfer pricing and tax evasion may arise in the case that a lower risk entity earns more than the higher risk one.

Triplex est Copia: Philip Melanchthon's Invention of the Rhetorical Figures

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
History Of

Philip Melanchthon's importance for the history of Renaissance rhetoric has been reclaimed in a number of recent studies. One of his most innovative and durable legacies was in the doctrine of the figures (schemata), examined and evaluated in this essay. A comparison with classical theory shows that in his second rhetoric (1521) Melanchthon radically reconceived the definition and classification of the figures. The new doctrine has major implications for the theory of style (elocutio) and its place in the liberal arts.

scholarly journals On stagnation points and streamline topology in vortex flows

1998 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASSAN AREF ◽  
MORTEN BRØNS
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Stagnation Point ◽  
Plane Curve ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Vortices ◽  
Vortex Flows ◽  
Stagnation Points

The problem of locating stagnation points in the flow produced by a system of N interacting point vortices in two dimensions is considered. The general solution follows from an 1864 theorem by Siebeck, that the stagnation points are the foci of a certain plane curve of class N−1 that has all lines connecting vortices pairwise as tangents. The case N=3, for which Siebeck's curve is a conic, is considered in some detail. It is shown that the classification of the type of conic coincides with the known classification of regimes of motion for the three vortices. A similarity result for the triangular coordinates of the stagnation point in a flow produced by three vortices with sum of strengths zero is found. Using topological arguments the distinct streamline patterns for flow about three vortices are also determined. Partial results are given for two special sets of vortex strengths on the changes between these patterns as the motion evolves. The analysis requires a number of unfamiliar mathematical tools which are explained.

Success factors of health tourism: cases of Asian tourism cities

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohyun Lee ◽  
Hong-bumm Kim
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inductive Research ◽  
Wellness Tourism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to delineate a clear definition of health tourism, and to explain it in two sub-categories, namely, medical tourism, and wellness tourism. Design/methodology/approach – Grounded theory approach through an in-depth literature review and practical data from three different cities were researched to support the study. Findings – Determinants of travelers’ decision making for the destination of health tourism, such as distance, cost, language, economy, competency of medical technology, and culture, in each classification of health tourism, were identified. Originality/value – This study suggests an inductive research model to synthesize and structure a logical relationship of determinants that affect health tourists’ decision to visit specific health tourism destinations. The results of this study are quite revealing to governments, industrial practitioners, and potential customers of health tourism in terms of the context of health tourism and the behavior of health tourists.

General solution and classification of conformal motions in static spherical spacetimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2577-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Maartens ◽  
Sunil D Maharaj ◽  
Brian O J Tupper
Keyword(s):  
General Solution
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