scholarly journals THE ARABIC COGNATES OR ORIGINS OF PLURAL MARKERS IN WORLD LANGUAGES: A RADICAL LINGUISTIC THEORY APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
World Population ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
World Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
World Languages

This paper traces the Arabic origins of "plural markers" in world languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the main plural markers like cats/oxen in 60 world languages from 14 major and minor families- viz., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Turkic, Mayan, Altaic (Japonic), Niger-Congo, Bantu, Uto-Aztec, Tai-Kadai, Uralic, and Basque, which constitute 60% of world languages and whose speakers make up 96% of world population. The results clearly show that plural markers, which are limited to a few markers in all languages comprised of �s/-as/-at, -en, -im, -a/-e/-i/-o/-u, and �, have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change. Therefore, the results reject the traditional classification of the Comparative Method and/or Family Tree Model of such languages into separate, unrelated families, supporting instead the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which all world languages are related to one another, which eventually stemmed from a radical or root language which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic as the most conservative and productive language. In fact, Arabic can be safely said to be the radical language itself for, besides other linguistic features, sharing the plural cognates in this case with all the other languages alone.Keywords: Plurality, language families and relationships, radical world language, radical linguistic theory

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

scholarly journals The Arabic Origins of "Basque and Finnish Pronouns": A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
World Language ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Arabic And English

This paper investigates the Arabic origins of Basque and Finnish pronouns mainly and Basque verbs to be/have secondarily from a Radical Linguistic Theory perspective, a slightly revised version of Lexical Root Theory. The data consists of personal and demonstrative pronouns in Finnish and Basque in the main and verbs to be/have in the latter. The results show that Finnish and Basque pronouns have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings. Their formal differences, however, result from natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. For example, Basque ni 'I', Finnish mina/mä ‘I', and Arabic ana (ani, inni) 'I' are identical cognates, in the second of which /m/ split from /n/; Finnish sina/Te'you' come from Arabic anta/-ta 'you' via reversal and turning /t/ into /s/; similarly, Basque zu 'you' is derived from Arabic -ta/-ka (iaka) 'you (nom./acc.) where /k/ became /z/, which compares very easily with Old English ge 'you' and German Sie 'you'; Finnish reflexive itse 'self' is from Arabic dhaat(i) 'myself' via reordering and replacing /dh/ by /s/. Third person pronouns in both languages are originally demonstrative pronouns, which is similar to what happens in English and Indo-European languages and Chinese as well, all of which come from Arabic dha/ti 'this'. Similarly, all Basque verbs to be/havehave true and identical Arabic (and English, German, Latin) cognates. As a consequence, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method claims, that Arabic, Basque and Finnish are genetically related, leading to the postulation of a single, perfect, sudden world language, which may be called Radical or Root Language, from which all human languages descended. The Radical Language could not have died out at all but has instead survived into modern languages, having been preserved almost intact in Arabic. They, therefore, prove the adequacy of the radical linguistic or lexical root theory according to which Arabic, Basque, and Finnish are genetically related besides English, German, French, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Mandarin Chinese which have already been found to be dialects of the same language with Arabic being their origin all because of its phonetic capacity or complexity, huge lexical variety and multiplicity, and linguistic permanence or sustainability.

scholarly journals THE ARABIC ORIGINS OF ENGLISH AND EUROPEAN "PLACE NAMES": A CONSONANTAL RADICAL THEORY APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages

This paper examines the Arabic origins of some common place names in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, Russian, and Sanskrit from a consonantal radical or lexical root theory perspective. The data consists of the names of around 60 key cities like Birmingham, Brighton, Cambridge, Chester, Derby, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, London, Manchester, Oxford, Queensville, York, etc. The results clearly show that all such names have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings whose different forms, however, are all found to be due to natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. Furthermore, they show that place names play an important role in both near and distant genetic relationships. As a consequence, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method and Family-Tree Model claims (e.g. Campbell 2013; Harper 2012-18),� that Arabic, English, and all Indo-European languages� belong to the same language, let alone the same family. Therefore, they prove the adequacy of the consonantal radical theory in relating English, German, French, Latin, and Greek to Arabic as their origin all because, unlike any other language in the group, it shares cognates with all of them in addition to its huge linguistic repertoire phonetically, phonologically, morphologically, syntactically, and semantically.Keywords: Place names, Arabic, English, German, French, Russian, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, historical linguistics, consonantal radical/lexical root theory

MEDIATEXT IS A TOOL THAT DETERMINES THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Navruza Yakhyayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Scientific Classification

The quality and content of information in the article media text is based on scientific classification of linguistic features. The study of functional styles of speech, the identification of their linguistic signs, the discovery of the functional properties of linguistic units and their separation on the basis of linguistic facts is one of thetasks that modern linguistics is waiting for a solution. Text Linguistics, which deals with the creation, modeling of its structure and the study of the process of such activity, is of interest to journalists today as a science.

scholarly journals Comparison of Night, Day and 24 h Motor Activity Data for the Classification of Depressive Episodes

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta G. Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos E. Galván-Tejada ◽  
Laura A. Zanella-Calzada ◽  
José M. Celaya-Padilla ◽  
Jorge I. Galván-Tejada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Random Forest Classifier ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
World Population ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Full Day

Major Depression Disease has been increasing in the last few years, affecting around 7 percent of the world population, but nowadays techniques to diagnose it are outdated and inefficient. Motor activity data in the last decade is presented as a better way to diagnose, treat and monitor patients suffering from this illness, this is achieved through the use of machine learning algorithms. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm of mental illness patients increase the effectiveness of the data mining process. In this paper, a comparison of motor activity data from the night, day and full day is carried out through a data mining process using the Random Forest classifier to identified depressive and non-depressive episodes. Data from Depressjon dataset is split into three different subsets and 24 features in time and frequency domain are extracted to select the best model to be used in the classification of depression episodes. The results showed that the best dataset and model to realize the classification of depressive episodes is the night motor activity data with 99.37% of sensitivity and 99.91% of specificity.

scholarly journals Datives with psych nouns and adjectives in Basque

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-696
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fernández ◽  
Fernando Zúñiga ◽  
Ane Berro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Psych Verbs ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Psychological Verbs

Abstract This paper explores the formal expression of two Basque dative argument types in combination with psych nouns and adjectives, in intransitive and transitive clauses: (i) those that express the experiencer, and (ii) those that express the stimulus of the psychological state denoted by the psych noun and adjective. In the intransitive structure involving a dative experiencer (DatExpIS), the stimulus is in the absolutive case, and the intransitive copula izan ‘be’ shows both dative and absolutive agreement. This construction basically corresponds to those built upon the piacere type of psychological verbs typified in (Belletti, Adriana & Luigi Rizzi. 1988. Psych-verbs and θ-theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6. 291–352) three-way classification of Italian psych verbs. In the intransitive structure involving a dative stimulus (DatStimIS), the experiencer is marked by absolutive case, and the same intransitive copula shows both absolutive and dative agreement (with the latter corresponding to the dative stimulus and not to the experiencer). We show that the behavior of the dative argument in the two constructions is just the opposite of each other regarding a number of morphosyntactic tests, including agreement, constituency, hierarchy and selection. Additionally, we explore two parallel transitive constructions that involve either a dative experiencer and an ergative stimulus (DatExpTS) or a dative stimulus and an ergative experiencer (DatStimTS), which employ the transitive copula *edun ‘have’. Considering these configurations, we propose an extended and more fine-grained typology of psych predicates.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry—a Guideline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Rajesh Mavani ◽  
Jarinah Mohd Ali ◽  
Suhaili Othman ◽  
M. A. Hussain ◽  
Haslaniza Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
World Population ◽  
Computer Vision System ◽  
The Past

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has embodied the recent technology in the food industry over the past few decades due to the rising of food demands in line with the increasing of the world population. The capability of the said intelligent systems in various tasks such as food quality determination, control tools, classification of food, and prediction purposes has intensified their demand in the food industry. Therefore, this paper reviews those diverse applications in comparing their advantages, limitations, and formulations as a guideline for selecting the most appropriate methods in enhancing future AI- and food industry–related developments. Furthermore, the integration of this system with other devices such as electronic nose, electronic tongue, computer vision system, and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is also emphasized, all of which will benefit both the industry players and consumers.

The Experience of Occupational Disruption among Student Musicians

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon McCready ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Major Occupation

Student musicians frequently need to take breaks from playing their instruments because of physical playing-related injuries, yet little is known about their experiences with these occupational disruptions. We conducted a qualitative study that explored student musicians' lived experiences with unplanned disruptions stemming from engagement in their major occupation of playing an instrument. In-depth interviews with seven student musicians who attended either a special arts high school or a university were conducted. Consistent with a grounded theory approach to qualitative research, the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was implemented. A major finding related to the theme of “being and becoming,” where student musicians expressed a strong sense of belonging to a group of other like musicians who they learned from, relied on for support, and created music with. Another theme was motivation to excel, where students expressed a strong desire and motivation to improve and master their instrument. Occupational tensions and pressures emerged as another theme. Students were aware of the need to practice and the need to care for their bodies. A constant negotiation was required in which students struggled to find a good balance between the need to practice and to respect their bodies while maintaining an identity of a musician. These findings are discussed in relation to how health care providers and educators need to understand the demands and stresses associated with playing an instrument so that they can better support these young musicians.

THE SUBJECT OF OF “VOGUE” AND “HARPER’S BAZAAR” MAGAZINES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Mykhayliv
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Themes

In the article according to the theory of the subject, patterns of the existence and genesis of the subject of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” (USA) magazines was analysed, perspective of the emergence of new subjects was established, classification of the current subjects into universal and synthetic was suggested and some regularities of authorial creation of new subjects was examined. The main objective of the study is to identify patterns of existence of actual and formation of new topics in the Means of Mass Communication on the example of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines. In studying of the empiric basis of the research the method of observation is applied; in finding common themes for both publications – a comparative method was used. The method of analysis was used in the decomposition of topics into separate topics; in isolation from the features of the topic, uncharacteristic of a journalistic work – abstraction was applied. The elucidation that the subject appears as a formal verbal expression of a set of homogeneous topics was done by applying the method of formalization. The main results of the research are: obtaining the new classification of topics of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines; identification of a significant manifestation of universal themes on the pages of publications; establishment of the basic subjective (deontological) bases of formation of new subjects. A theoretical level of their knowledge will enrich science, equip practice, promote individual and world harmony.

World Language Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Rachel Burns ◽  
Donald Rubin ◽  
Michael A Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
World Language ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
World Languages ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Mixed Factorial Anova

Research on the impacts of study abroad participation on world language proficiency indicates positive and significant associations between sojourning abroad and students' self-reported language skills. In recent years, student engagement and “deep-learning” have been found to exert powerful effects on student learning outcomes. However, the extent to which student engagement serves as a pathway to mediate and enhance the impact of study abroad on language learning has not been examined. This chapter uses pre- and post-test surveys and applies experiential learning theory (ELT) to model gains in language proficiency for students who studied world languages abroad versus on-campus. Results of mixed factorial ANOVA and regression path analysis indicate that students who studied world languages abroad experienced significantly greater gains in deep-learning and world language proficiency than students who studied world languages on-campus. This chapter is among the first to connect student deep-learning and engagement to world language learning.

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