Residual Stress Generation and Relaxation in Butt-Welded Pipes

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nair ◽  
E. Pang ◽  
R. C. Dix
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Steel Pipes

A numerical scheme for the determination of thermally induced local residual stresses and their relaxation behavior during heat treatment in the case of butt-welded pipes is described. The procedure is illustrated by considering 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 steel pipes. The results are compared with available experimental and numerical results.

Residual Stress Generation and Relaxation in Butt-Welded Pipes

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nair ◽  
E. Pang ◽  
R. C. Dix
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Steel Pipes

A numerical scheme for the determination of thermally induced local residual stresses and their relaxation behavior during heat treatment in the case of butt-welded pipes is described. The procedure is illustrated by considering 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 steel pipes. The results are compared with available experimental and numerical results.

Residual Stress Simulation in Multi-Pass Weld of Stainless Steel Pipes

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Shi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Stress Simulation

Multi-pass welds are used in pipes with stainless steel. The complicated temperature field and residual stresses in these welded structures are very important. The finite element method is used to simulate residual stress in multi-pass butt-welds in this paper. Element birth technique is implemented to model multi-pass welded 304 Stainless Steel Pipes. One-way coupled Thermo-mechanical analysis is adopted to calculate the residual stresses, that the structural analysis takes the temperature distributions as thermal input. The results provide reference for the structure integrity assessment of welded pipes.

The Effect of Pipe Thickness on Residual Stresses due to Girth Welds

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Rybicki ◽  
P. A. McGuire ◽  
E. Merrick ◽  
J. Wert
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking

This paper addresses the question of what effect the pipe thickness has on weld residual stresses in 304 stainless steel piping. Two diameters are considered. These are nominal 4-in. and 10-in. diameters. Four pipe wall thicknesses corresponding to schedules 10, 40, 80, and 160 are examined for each pipe. The focus is on residual stress distributions on the pipe inner surface because this is a primary site for intergranular stress corrosion cracking in 304 stainless steel pipes. The trends in residual stress values are toward more compressive stresses at the pipe inner surface for thicker pipes with the same nominal diameter. Residual axial stresses for the thick 10-in. schedule 160 pipe were found to be compressive while those for the thinner schedule 80 pipe were tensile. X-ray residual stress data for a 6-in-dia schedule 160 pipe fall between the results for the 4-in. and 10-in. schedule 160 pipes and support the findings of the study.

scholarly journals Residual Stresses Induced by Surface Working and Their Improvement by Emery Paper Polishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Makoto Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Emery Paper ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

In many of machine parts and structural components, materials surface would be worked. In this study, residual stresses on the surfaces were measured by X-ray diffraction method, and effects of surface working on the residual stresses were examined. In case of lathe machining of type 304 stainless steel bar, the residual stresses in circumferential directions are tensile, and those in axial directions are almost compressive. Highly tensile residual stresses in the circumferential directions were improved by emery paper polishing. 10 to 20 times of polishing changes high tensile residual stresses to compressive residual stresses. In the case of shot peening on a type 304 stainless steel plate, the compressive residual stress inside is several hundred MPa lower than that on the surface. By applying the emery paper polishing to the shot peened surface 10 or 20 times, the residual stress on the surface is improved to −700 MPa. While fatigue strength at 288 °C in the air of the shot peened material is 30 MPa higher than solution heat treated and electro-polished material, the fatigue strength of the shot peened and followed by emery paper polished material is 60 MPa higher. Thus, the emery paper polishing is simple and a very effective process for improvement of the residual stresses.

Residual Stresses Prediction for CO2 Laser Butt-Welding of 304-Stainless Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 3-4 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Y. Benyounis ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi ◽  
M.S.J. Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Input Variables

Residual stresses are an integral part of the total stress acting on any component in service. It is important to determine and/or predict the magnitude, nature and direction of the residual stress to estimate the life of important engineering parts, particularly welded components. This work aims to introduce experimental models to predict residual stresses in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). These models specify the effect of laser welding input parameters on maximum residual stress and its direction. The process input variables considered in this study are laser power (1.03 - 1.368 kW), travel speed (26.48 – 68.52 cm/min) and focal point position (- 1 to 0 mm). Laser butt-welding of 304 stainless steel plates of 3 mm thick were investigated using a 1.5 kW CW CO2 Rofin laser as a welding source. Hole-drilling method was employed to measure the magnitude, and direction of the maximum principal stress in and around the HAZ, using a CEA-06- 062UM-120 strain gauge rosette, which allows measurement of the residual stresses close to the weld bead. The experiment was designed based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Fifteen different welding conditions plus 5 repeat tests were carried out based on the design matrix. Maximum principal residual stresses and their directions were calculated for the twenty samples. The stepwise regression method was selected using Design-expert software to fit the experimental responses to a second order polynomial. Sequential F test and other adequacy measures were then used to check the models adequacy. The experimental results indicate that the proposed mathematical models could adequately describe the residual stress within the limits of the factors being studied. Using the models developed, the main and interaction effect of the process input variables on the two responses were determined quantitatively and presented graphically. It is observed that the travel speed and laser power are the main factors affecting the behavior of the residual stress. It is recommended to use the models to find the optimal combination of welding conditions that lead to minimum distortion.

Residual Stress Measurements and Modelling for Temper Bead Qualification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ficquet ◽  
Vincent Robin ◽  
Ed Kingston ◽  
Stéphan Courtin ◽  
Miguel Yescas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Welding Processes

This paper presents results from a programme of through thickness residual stress measurements and finite element analysis (FEA) modelling carried out on a temper bead mock-up. Emphasis is placed on results comparison rather than the measurement technique and procedure, which is well documented in the accompanying references. Temper bead welding processes have been developed to simulate the tempering effect of post-weld heat treatment and are used to repair reactor pressure vessel components to alleviate the need for further heat-treatment. The Temper Bead Mock-up comprised of a rectangular block with dimension 960mm × 189mm × 124mm was manufactured from a ferritic steel forged block with an austenitic stainless steel buttering and a nickel alloy temper bead cladding. The temper bead and buttering surfaces were machined after welding. Biaxial residual stresses were measured at a number of locations using the standard Deep-Hole Drilling (DHD) and Incremental DHD (iDHD) techniques on the Temper Bead Mock-up and compared with FEA modelling results. An excellent correlation existed between the iDHD and the modelled results, and highlighted the need for the iDHD technique in order to account for plastic relaxation during the measurement process. Maximum tensile residual stresses through the thickness were observed near the austenitic stainless steel surface at 298MPa. High compressive stresses were observed within the ferritic base plate beneath the bimetallic interface between austenitic and ferritic steels with peak stresses of −377MPa in the longitudinal direction.

Effect of Temperature on Strength and Residual Stress Distribution in Silicon Nitride to 304 Stainless Steel Brazed Joints

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Won Seo ◽  
Ho Chel Yoon ◽  
Jin Yi Lee ◽  
Jae Kyoo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties

Ceramics are significantly used in many industrial applications due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties such as high temperature strength, low density, high hardness, low thermal expansion and good corrosion properties. To combine the specific advantages of ceramics with that of metals, they are often used together within one composite component. In this study, the effect of temperature on fracture characteristics of silicon nitride joined to 304 stainless steel brazed with Ti active alloy are investigated in room and high temperature regions. And analytical studies on the residual stress of dissimilar brazed joint are performed by the finite element method. Four-point bending strength and deflection of interlayer increase with increasing strain rate in room temperature. As the test temperature increases, the bending strength decreases, but the deflection of interlayer is almost constant. The residual stresses redistribute after cutting of joint and the maximum tensile stress occurs on the new free surface at the ceramic near the interface. The singularity of residual stresses at the ceramic near the interface is characterized by elastic-plastic properties of ceramic and inserted materials.­

Comparison of residual stress induced by TIG and LBW in girth weld of AISI 304 stainless steel pipes

2017 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijin Xu ◽  
Jingyao Chen ◽  
Yi Duan ◽  
Chun Yu ◽  
Junmei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Steel Pipes

scholarly journals Determination of phases and residual stresses after martensitic transformation induced by rolling in 304L stainless steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juciane Maria Alves ◽  
Luiz Paulo Brandao ◽  
Andersan dos Santos Paula
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACT The 304L austenitic stainless steel is susceptible to deformation induced martensitic transformation. This phase transformation depends on the temperature as well as on the mode, rate and level of deformation. In this work the phases and residual stresses of a 304L TRIP steel where martensitic transformation was induced by cold rolling were investigated by X-ray diffraction XRD. The analyses were performed for different sample thicknesses. The results showed that the phase composition and the residual stresses are strongly dependent on sample thickness. All samples showed a compressive residual stress.

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