Membrane Processing in the Metal Finishing Industry

Two important applications of membrane processing in the metal-finishing field are the use of reverse osmosis for electroplating waste treatment, and ultrafiltration for concentration of oily wastes prior to disposal. Waste waters from electroplating contain contaminants of high toxicity, but also of substantial potential value. Reverse osmosis has been used to close the loop on treatment of individual plating bath rinse waters, returning concentrates to the baths, and reusing purified water for rinsing. A discussion of advantages and limitations is presented for treatment of various plating baths. Reverse osmosis has also been used to concentrate electroplating shop mixed effluents, with up to 95 percent water recovery for reuse. The low-volume concentrate is dried for ultimate solids removal, and waste-water treatment becomes closed loop. Data are presented for this application. Spent oil-containing coolants present the metal-finishing industry with a difficult waste-treatment problem. Conventional disposal of the 1–5 percent emulsions by chemical destruction, incineration or contract hauling is expensive. Ultrafiltration has been employed to concentrate emulsions to over 50 percent oil. These are readily incinerated with no fuel addition required, and work has been done which shows that reuse of the oil either upgraded to a fuel or a lubricant is the best answer for the concentrate. Data are presented for concentration of several wastes.

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Waste-Treatment Applications of Reverse Osmosis

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3438546 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. E. Cruver

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Unit Operation ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Metal Finishing ◽

The Status

Reverse osmosis has come of age as a unit operation and is finding increasing usage in water and waste treatment. Large-scale (100–1000 gpm) units are currently operating throughout the world on a wide variety of feed streams. This paper summarizes the status of development of reverse-osmosis processing of municipal and industrial waste streams. Plants are described which process secondary effluent, metal-finishing wastes, and textile dye wastes. Capital and operating costs are also presented for reverse osmosis and compared with those of other desalting methods.

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Removal of Residual Nutrients and Chemical Additives From Secondary Sewage by Reverse osmosis

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1975.012 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 101-109

Author(s):

H. Kirk Johnston ◽

H.S. Lim

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Iron Chloride ◽

Treatment Technique ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

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Modelling waste output from trout farms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0367 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 103-121

Author(s):

J.-O. Frier ◽

J. From ◽

T. Larsen ◽

G. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Waste Discharge ◽

Scientific Background ◽

Trout Farms

The aim of waste modelling in aquaculture is to provide tools for simulating input, transformation, output and subsidiary degradation in recipients of organic compounds, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The direct purpose of this modelling is to make it possible for caretakers and water authorities to calculate waste discharge from existing and planned aquaculture activities. A special purpose is simulating outcome of waste water treatment and altered feeding programmes. Different submodels must be applied for P, N, and organics, as well as for the different phases of food and waste treatment. Altogether this calls for an array of co-operating submodels for a sufficient coverage of the options. In all the required fields there is some scientific background for numerical model approaches, and some submodels have been proposed. Because of its multidisciplinary character a synthesized approach is still lacking. Within trout farming this work attempts to establish the different submodels and outlines future possibilities for synthesizing the knowledge to a numerical model.

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Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane at High Temperature for Water Recovery and Regeneration from Thermo-Responsive Ionic Liquid-Based Draw Solution for Efficient Forward Osmosis

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11080588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Eiji Kamio ◽

Hiroki Kurisu ◽

Tomoki Takahashi ◽

Atsushi Matsuoka ◽

Tomohisa Yoshioka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

High Temperature ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Draw Solution

Forward osmosis (FO) membrane process is expected to realize energy-saving seawater desalination. To this end, energy-saving water recovery from a draw solution (DS) and effective DS regeneration are essential. Recently, thermo-responsive DSs have been developed to realize energy-saving water recovery and DS regeneration. We previously reported that high-temperature reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was effective in recovering water from a thermo-responsive ionic liquid (IL)-based DS. In this study, to confirm the advantages of the high-temperature RO operation, thermo-sensitive IL-based DS was treated by an RO membrane at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the DS. Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenznenesulfonate ([N4444][TMBS]) with an LCST of 58 °C was used as the DS. The high-temperature RO treatment was conducted at 60 °C above the LCST using the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS-lean phase after phase separation. Because the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS has a significantly temperature-dependent osmotic pressure, the DS-lean phase can be concentrated to an osmotic pressure higher than that of seawater at room temperature (20 °C). In addition, water can be effectively recovered from the DS-lean phase until the DS concentration increased to 40 wt%, and the final DS concentration reached 70 wt%. From the results, the advantages of RO treatment of the thermo-responsive DS at temperatures higher than the LCST were confirmed.

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Performance of reverse osmosis (RO) for water recovery from permeates of membrane bio-reactor (MBR)

Desalination and Water Treatment ◽

10.1080/19443994.2013.826400 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (4-6) ◽

pp. 600-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Santosh Raj Pandey ◽

Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽

Kanagaratnam Baskaran ◽

Li Shu ◽

Shobha Muthukumaran

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Water Recovery

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Progress in the Development of the Reverse Osmosis Process for Spacecraft Wash Water Recovery

Astronautical Research 1972 ◽

10.1007/978-94-010-2576-8_8 ◽

1973 ◽

pp. 73-84

Author(s):

J. N. Pecoraro ◽

J. M. Spurlock ◽

H. E. Podall

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Wash Water ◽

Water Recovery

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Treatment of organized industrial zone wastewater by microfiltration/reverse osmosis membrane process for water recovery: From lab to pilot scale

Journal of Water Process Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 101646

Author(s):

Bahar Ozbey-Unal ◽

Philip Isaac Omwene ◽

Meltem Yagcioglu ◽

Çigdem Balcik-Canbolat ◽

Ahmet Karagunduz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽

Membrane Process ◽

Industrial Zone

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The implications of point source phosphorus management to potable water treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0158 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Ralph G. Heath ◽

Machiel C. Steynberg ◽

Rita Guglielmi ◽

Annelie L. Maritz

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

South African ◽

Water Intake ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Algal Species ◽

Raw Water ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

The Vaal River Barrage reservoir is an important source of raw water for Rand Water which supplies at least 10 million people with drinking water daily. Return effluents from waste water treatment works, industries and informal urban settlements in the catchment has resulted in algal problems in the raw water and treatment process. In order to attempt to reduce the effect of eutrophication of South African inland water quality the Department of Water Affairs implemented in 1985 a 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard for waste water treatment works effluents. The amount of phosphate originating from the waste treatment works decreased significantly over the 10 years after the standard was implemented even though 40% of the time the works do not comply to the standard. This has resulted in no significant change in the chlorophyll values at Rand Water Intake No. 1. The algal species composition has changed with blue-greens becoming more dominant which has resulted in a higher incidence of algal related problems. The stabilizing of the chlorophyll values is not only as a result of lower ortho-phosphate levels but also due to residence times, turbidity and conductivity. To further reduce the algal concentrations at Rand Water Intake No. 1 the 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard will have to be enforced, the standard possibly reduced and diffuse sources managed on a catchment basis.

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