scholarly journals Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane at High Temperature for Water Recovery and Regeneration from Thermo-Responsive Ionic Liquid-Based Draw Solution for Efficient Forward Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Eiji Kamio ◽  
Hiroki Kurisu ◽  
Tomoki Takahashi ◽  
Atsushi Matsuoka ◽  
Tomohisa Yoshioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Draw Solution

Forward osmosis (FO) membrane process is expected to realize energy-saving seawater desalination. To this end, energy-saving water recovery from a draw solution (DS) and effective DS regeneration are essential. Recently, thermo-responsive DSs have been developed to realize energy-saving water recovery and DS regeneration. We previously reported that high-temperature reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was effective in recovering water from a thermo-responsive ionic liquid (IL)-based DS. In this study, to confirm the advantages of the high-temperature RO operation, thermo-sensitive IL-based DS was treated by an RO membrane at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the DS. Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenznenesulfonate ([N4444][TMBS]) with an LCST of 58 °C was used as the DS. The high-temperature RO treatment was conducted at 60 °C above the LCST using the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS-lean phase after phase separation. Because the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS has a significantly temperature-dependent osmotic pressure, the DS-lean phase can be concentrated to an osmotic pressure higher than that of seawater at room temperature (20 °C). In addition, water can be effectively recovered from the DS-lean phase until the DS concentration increased to 40 wt%, and the final DS concentration reached 70 wt%. From the results, the advantages of RO treatment of the thermo-responsive DS at temperatures higher than the LCST were confirmed.

Forward osmosis for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from water reclamation: process performance and fouling control

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kazner ◽  
S. Jamil ◽  
S. Phuntsho ◽  
H. K. Shon ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
A Minor

While high quality water reuse based on dual membrane filtration (membrane filtration or ultrafiltration, followed by reverse osmosis) is expected to be progressively applied, treatment and sustainable management of the produced reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) are still important issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for maximising water recovery and further dewatering ROC so that zero liquid discharge is produced. Elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds may act as potential foulants of the concentrate desalting system, in that they consist of, for example, FO and a subsequent crystallizer. The present study investigated conditions under which the FO system can serve as concentration phase with the focus on its fouling propensity using model foulants and real ROC. Bulk organics from ROC consisted mainly of humic acids (HA) and building blocks since wastewater-derived biopolymers were retained by membrane filtration or ultrafiltration. Organic fouling of the FO system by ROC-derived bulk organics was low. HA was only adsorbed moderately at about 7% of the initial concentration, causing a minor flux decline of about 2–4%. However, scaling was a major impediment to this process if not properly controlled, for instance by pH adjustment or softening.

Water recovery from sewage using forward osmosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerusha Lutchmiah ◽  
Emile R. Cornelissen ◽  
Danny J. H. Harmsen ◽  
Jan W. Post ◽  
Keith Lampi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Quality Water

This research is part of the Sewer Mining project aimed at developing a new technological concept by extracting water from sewage by means of forward osmosis (FO). FO, in combination with a reconcentration system, e.g. reverse osmosis (RO) is used to recover high-quality water. Furthermore, the subsequent concentrated sewage (containing an inherent energy content) can be converted into a renewable energy (RE) source (i.e. biogas). The effectiveness of FO membranes in the recovery of water from sewage has been evaluated. Stable FO water flux values (>4.3 LMH) were obtained with primary effluent (screened, not treated) used as the feed solution. Fouling of the membrane was also induced and further investigated. Accumulated fouling was found to be apparent, but not irreversible. Sewer Mining could lead to a more economical and sustainable treatment of wastewater, facilitating the extraction of water and energy from sewage and changing the way it is perceived: not as waste, but as a resource.

scholarly journals Urine volume reduction during long-duration cave exploration by a light-weight and portable forward osmosis system

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Sebastian Engelhardt ◽  
◽  
Katey Bender ◽  
Jörg Vogel ◽  
Stephen Duirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Waste Handling

The preservation of caves is a challenge during long-duration cave expeditions where human waste can add significant nitrogen to the cave ecosystem. Since the removal of urine that accumulates during a multi-day caving trip is not always feasible due to weight and volume constraints, a light-weight and portable filtration system that is capable of reducing urine volume would be desirable. In this study we tested the Aquaporin Inside hollow fiber membrane in a forward osmosis (FO) setup to evaluate its capability to reduce urine volume while rejecting nitrogenous compounds using different draw solution chemistries and water recovery rates. As a result, we introduce a light-weight and portable FO prototype that was able to reduce urine volume by over 80%. Although total nitrogen (TN) rejection in this process did not exceed 70%, allowing some nitrogen to move across the membrane into the draw solution, evaporation allowed draw solution recycling without loss of nitrogenous compounds into the atmosphere. These data suggest that FO may be a suitable strategy to reduce urine volume and improve methods for nitrogenous waste handling during long-term cave exploration.

Insight into the water recovery characteristics of tetrabutylphosphonium hydrogen maleate ionic liquid draw solute in forward osmosis process

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Po-I Liu ◽  
Li-Ching Chung ◽  
David C. Wang ◽  
Chia-Hua Ho ◽  
Tzu-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Volume reduction and water reclamation of reverse osmosis concentrate from coal chemical industry by forward osmosis with an osmotic backwash strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2674-2684
Author(s):  
Jiandong Lu ◽  
Xiuheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Draw Solution

Abstract Coal chemical industry (CCI) generally utilizes reverse osmosis (RO) for water reclamation, which generates a highly concentrated stream containing refractory organic substances and high-concentration total dissolved solids (TDS). To address this issue, the present work focuses on volume reduction of RO concentrate (ROC) produced from CCI by forward osmosis (FO). We investigated the effects of membrane orientation and draw solution (DS) concentration on FO performance. Foulant removal was tested by using chemical cleaning, physical cleaning and osmotic backwash (OB). AL-FS (active layer facing feed solution) mode outcompeted AL-DS (active layer facing draw solution) mode, achieving a flux of 26.4 LMH, 92.5% water reclamation and energy consumption of 0.050 kWh·m−3 with 4 M NaCl as DS. The FO process was able to reject >98% SO42−, Mg2+and Ca2+, 92–98% Si and 33–55% total organic carbon (TOC). Ten-cycle (10 × 20 h) accelerated fouling test demonstrated approximately 30% flux decline in association with Si-containing foulants, which could be removed almost completely through OB with 97.1% flux recovery. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of FO for volume reduction and water reclamation of ROC produced from CCI, making the treatment of ROC more efficient and more energy effective.

scholarly journals Polymer Having Dicationic Structure in Dumbbell Shape for Forward Osmosis Process

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyung Kim ◽  
Changha Ju ◽  
Chanhyuk Park ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The thermal-responsive polymers, poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (PSSBP#, # = 8, 6, and 4), where # is the number of carbon atoms in the central bridge structure of the dicationic phosphonium moiety, were synthesized to examine their potential application as draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO). The polymers exhibited low critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics in aqueous solutions, which is essential for recovering a draw solute from pure water. The LCSTs of the 20 wt% aqueous solutions of PSSBP8, PSSBP6, and PSSBP4 were confirmed to be approximately 30, 38, and 26 °C, respectively, which is advantageous in terms of energy requirements for the recovering draw solute. When the concentration of the PSSBP4 draw solution was 20 wt%, water flux and reverse solute flux were approximately 1.61 LMH and 0.91 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) system when the feed solution was distilled water. The PSSBP# thermal-responsive draw solute has considerable potential for use as a next-generation draw solute because of its excellent osmotic performance and efficient recovery. Therefore, this study provides inspiration for novel ideas regarding structural transformations of polymers and their applicability as draw solutes.

scholarly journals Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@CA Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Draw Solution Agents in Forward Osmosis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Irena Petrinic ◽  
Janja Stergar ◽  
Hermina Bukšek ◽  
Miha Drofenik ◽  
Sašo Gyergyek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Draw Solution

In this study, citric acid (CA)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CA MNPs) for use as draw solution (DS) agents in forward osmosis (FO) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. Prepared 3.7% w/w colloidal solutions of Fe3O4@CA MNPs exhibited an osmotic pressure of 18.7 bar after purification without aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 44 emu/g to allow DS regeneration by an external magnetic field. Fe3O4@CA suspensions were used as DS in FO cross-flow filtration with deionized (DI) water as FS and with the active layer of the FO membrane facing the FS and NaCl as a reference DS. The same transmembrane bulk osmotic pressure resulted in different water fluxes for NaCl and MNPs, respectively. Thus the initial water flux with Fe3O4@CA was 9.2 LMH whereas for 0.45 M NaCl as DS it was 14.1 LMH. The reverse solute flux was 0.08 GMH for Fe3O4@CA and 2.5 GMH for NaCl. These differences are ascribed to a more pronounced internal dilutive concentration polarization with Fe3O4@CA as DS compared to NaCl as DS. This research demonstrated that the proposed Fe3O4@CA can be used as a potential low reverse solute flux DS for FO processes.

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