scholarly journals Eco-Driving Performance Assessment With in-Car Visual and Haptic Feedback Assistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Azzi ◽  
G. Reymond ◽  
F. Mérienne ◽  
A. Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Polluting Emissions

In this experiment, 28 participants completed an urban driving task in a highly immersive driving simulator at Renault’s Technical Centre for Simulation. This simulator provides a 150 deg field of view in a fully instrumented cockpit. Two different eco-driving assistance devices were added: a visual display on the midconsole and a force feedback system on the gas pedal, in order to apply an additionnal reaction torque on drivers’ foot. The feedback information was computed by comparing the car’s instant acceleration with an optimal acceleration level based on a proprietary consumption model of a Renault diesel engine. This experiment has three main goals: I. Assess the contribution of verbal instructions to eco-driving performance; II. Quantify the additional contribution generated by two eco-driving assistance systems (visual and haptic); III. Measure drivers’ acceptance of haptic eco-driving assistance system. Basic eco-driving instructions, such as changing gears under 2000 Rpm, yield significant decrease of polluting emissions. Assisting drivers with visual, haptic, or visual-haptic on-board devices, in addition to low engine speed verbal instructions, lead to supplementary significant savings of polluting emissions. There is no significant difference between assistance feedback type; suggesting that the haptic feedback provides the same ecoperformance as visual feedback. In particular, subjects show good adaptation to the haptic feedback pedal at first utilization of the system. They apparently relied more on haptic modality to achieve the eco-driving task, when they used both visual and haptic assistance.

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Task Measures as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Wierwille ◽  
James C. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Task Measure

In a previously reported experiment involving a moving base driving simulator with computer-generated display, secondary task measures of workload showed significant increases as a function of large changes in vehicle dynamics and disturbance levels. Because the secondary task measures appeared less sensitive than desired, driving performance measures recorded during the same experiment were later analyzed. Particular emphasis in examining the driving performance data was placed on (1) determining the degree of intrusion of the secondary task on the driving task as a function of the independent variables, and (2) on comparing the sensitivity of the primary and secondary task measures. The results showed the secondary task does intrude significantly upon the driving task performance at low workload levels, but that it does not significantly intrude at high workload levels. Also, when the four primary task measures were analyzed for sensitivity to the independent variables, new information was obtained indicating greater sensitivity than is obtained with the single secondary task measure. Steering ratio, for example, is found to affect performance at high disturbance levels—a result not obtained in examining the secondary task by itself. The merits of primary and secondary task performance analysis are discussed, and suggestions are made for future work.

Effects of Slow-Release Caffeine and a Nap on Driving Simulator Performance after Partial Sleep Deprivation

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke De Valck ◽  
Esther De Groot ◽  
Raymond Cluydts
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release caffeine as countermeasures to drivers' sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation. 12 participants were allowed 4.5 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice—at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.—by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. Subjective sleepiness/alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release caffeine both were successful in counteracting drivers' sleepiness. The remedial effect of slow-release caffeine lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release caffeine represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of partial sleep deprivation, is preferred to a nap when sleepiness has to be counteracted for a longer time.

Proposal for Driver Distraction Indexes Using Biological Signals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Ohkura ◽  
Kazuma Uchiumi ◽  
Yukou Saito ◽  
Koyo Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Biological Signals ◽  
Driver Inattention ◽  
Driving Task

According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, driver inattention is a major contributor to highway accidents. Driver distraction is one form of inattention and a leading factor in most vehicle crashes and near crashes. Distraction occurs when a driver is delayed in the recognition of information needed to safely accomplish the driving task because some event, activity, object, or person within or outside the vehicle compels or induces the driver attention away from the driving task. Although some indexes of driving performance have measured distraction, they are the results of the distraction and not the distraction itself. We directly and quantitatively employ biological signals to measure the distraction by finding useful biological indexes from candidates of various biological signals. Our experimental results using a driving simulator showed useful indexes derived from EEG and ECG.

scholarly journals Time Taken to Resume Driving Following Hip Arthroscopy Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suenghwan Jo ◽  
Sang Hong Lee ◽  
Se Woong Jang ◽  
Hyun Bai Choi ◽  
Ba Rom Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Background: Resuming driving is a common concern among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. The goals of the current study were 1) to assess whether patients who have undergone right hip arthroscopy have poorer driving performance than patients with normal hips and 2) to analyse the time required to regain preoperative driving performance with respect to different types of operations.Methods: Forty-seven patients who had undergone right hip arthroscopy and who consented to our test protocol were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of operation that they underwent, namely, the femoroacetabular impingement surgery (FAI) group and the simple hip arthroscopy (SA) group. Using an immersive driving simulator, the patients were tested for brake reaction time (BRT), total brake time (TBT), and brake pedal depression pressure (BPD). Following the surgery, the first assessments were conducted when the patient could comfortably sit on the driving seat, and follow-up assessments were conducted for 6 consecutive weeks at weekly intervals. For the control group, 20 healthy volunteers were put through driving assessments thrice at weekly intervals. Braking parameters were compared between preoperative and postoperative measurements and between studied and controlled subjects.Results: The preoperative braking parameters of the patients who underwent arthroscopy showed no significant difference compared with normal controls (p values 0. 373, 0.763, and 0.447 for BRT, TBT, and BPD, respectively). All braking parameters returned to normal in 2 weeks in the FAI group and in 1 week in the SA group.Conclusion: Our study indicates that the driving performance of the patients undergoing right hip arthroscopy have comparable driving performance as compare to the normal hips and that the braking reaction returns to the preoperative state 1 week after SA and 2 weeks after FAI surgery.

scholarly journals Deceleration Assistance Mitigated the Trade-off Between Sense of Agency and Driving Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wen ◽  
Sonmin Yun ◽  
Atsushi Yamashita ◽  
Brandon D. Northcutt ◽  
Hajime Asama
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Sense

Driving assistance technology has gained traction in recent years and is becoming more widely used in vehicles. However, drivers usually experience a reduced sense of agency when driving assistance is active even though automated assistance improves driving performance by reducing human error and ensuring quick reactions. The present study examined whether driving assistance can maintain human sense of agency during early deceleration in the face of collision risk, compared with manual deceleration. In the experimental task, participants decelerate their vehicle in a driving simulator to avoid collision with a vehicle that suddenly cut in front of them and decelerated. In the assisted condition, the system performed deceleration 100 ms after the cut-in. Participants were instructed to decelerate their vehicle and follow the vehicle that cut-in. This design ensured that the deceleration assistance applied a similar control to the vehicle as the drivers intended to, only faster and smoother. Participants rated their sense of agency and their driving performance. The results showed that drivers maintained their sense of agency and improved driving performance under driving assistance. The findings provided insights into designing driving assistance that can maintain drivers’ sense of agency while improving future driving performance. It is important to establish a mode of joint-control in which the system shares the intention of human drivers and provides improved execution of control.

Introducing Multimodal Sliding Index: Qualitative Feedback, Perceived Workload, and Driving Performance with an Auditory Enhanced Menu Navigation Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta R. Sardesai ◽  
Thomas M. Gable ◽  
Bruce N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Audio Cues ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
New Type ◽  
Navigation Method

Using auditory menus on a mobile device has been studied in depth with standard flicking, as well as wheeling and tapping interactions. Here, we introduce and evaluate a new type of interaction with auditory menus, intended to speed up movement through a list. This multimodal “sliding index” was compared to use of the standard flicking interaction on a phone, while the user was also engaged in a driving task. The sliding index was found to require less mental workload than flicking. What’s more, the way participants used the sliding index technique modulated their preferences, including their reactions to the presence of audio cues. Follow-on work should study how sliding index use evolves with practice.

Effects of Individual Differences, Attention, and Memory Deficits on Driver Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Arca ◽  
Kaitlin M. Stanford ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Simulated Driving

The current study was designed to empirically examine the effects of individual differences in attention and memory deficits on driver distraction. Forty-eight participants consisting of 37 non-ADHD and 11 ADHD drivers were tested in a medium fidelity GE-ISIM driving simulator. All participants took part in a series of simulated driving scenarios involving both high and low traffic conditions in conjunction with completing a 20-Questions task either by text- message or phone-call. Measures of UFOV, simulated driving, heart rate variability, and subjective (NASA TLX) workload performance were recorded for each of the experimental tasks. It was hypothesized that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would affect driving performance as measured by driving performance, workload assessment, and physiological measures. Preliminary results indicated that ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density affected the performance of the secondary task. These results provide further evidence for the deleterious effects of cellphone use on driver distraction, especially for drivers who are diagnosed with attention-deficit and memory capacity deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are also presented.

scholarly journals Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3716
Author(s):  
Zhuofan Liu ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Yong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Strong Shift ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Driving Task

The distribution of drivers’ visual attention prior to diverting focus from the driving task is critical for safety. The object of this study is to investigate drivers’ attention strategy before they occlude their vision for different durations under different driving scenarios. A total of 3 (scenarios) × 3 (durations) within-subjects design was applied. Twenty-three participants completed three durations of occlusion (0, 1, and 2 s) test drive in a motion-based driving simulator under three scenarios (urban, rural, motorway). Drivers’ occlusion behaviour, driving behaviour, and visual behaviour in 6 s before occlusion was analyzed and compared. The results showed that drivers tended to slow down and increased their attention on driving task to keep safety in occlusion 2 s condition. The distribution of attention differed among different driving scenarios and occlusion durations. More attention was directed to Forward position and Speedometer in occlusion conditions, and a strong shift in attention from Forward position to Road users and Speedometer was found in occlusion 2 s condition. Road users was glanced more frequently in urban road with a higher percentage of attention transitions from Forward position to Road users. While gaze switching to Speedometer with a higher intensity was found on motorway. It suggests that drivers could adapt their visual attention to driving demand and anticipate the development of upcoming situations by sampling enough driving-related information before eyes-off-road. Moreover, the adaptation and anticipation are in accordance with driving situation and expected eyes-off-road duration. Better knowledge about attentional strategies before attention away from road contributes to more efficient and safe interaction with additional tasks.

A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Zareh Parseghian ◽  
Anthony C. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
And Performance

There is a large body of research that documents the impairing effect of alcohol on driving behavior and performance. Some of the most significant alcohol influence seems to occur in divided attention situations when the driver must simultaneously attend to several aspects of the driving task. This paper describes a driving simulator study of the effect of a low alcohol dose, .055 BAC (blood alcohol concentration %/wt), on divided attention performance. The simulation was mechanized on a PC and presented visual and auditory feedback in a truck cab surround. Subjects were required to control speed and steering on a rural two lane road while attending to a peripheral secondary task. The subject population was composed of 33 heavy equipment operators who were tested during both placebo and drinking sessions. Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed a significant and practical alcohol effect on a range of variables in the divided attention driving task.

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