Optimal Design of Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxing Zhou ◽  
Maher A. Nessim
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Societal Risk ◽  
Risk Constraint ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
The Cost

The optimal design level for onshore natural gas pipelines was explored through a hypothetical example, whereby the pipe wall thickness was assumed to be the sole design parameter. The probability distributions of the life-cycle costs of various candidate designs for the example pipeline were obtained using Monte-Carlo simulation. The life-cycle cost included the cost of failure due to equipment impact and external corrosion, and the cost of periodic maintenance actions for external corrosion. The cost of failure included both the cost of fatality and injury as well as the cost of property damage and value of lost product. The minimum expected life-cycle cost criterion and stochastic dominance rules were employed to determine the optimal design level. The allowable societal risk level was considered as a constraint in the optimal design selection. It was found that the Canadian Standard Association design leads to the minimum expected life-cycle cost and satisfies the allowable societal risk constraint as well. A set of optimal designs for a risk-averse decision maker was identified using the stochastic dominance rules. Both the ASME and CSA designs belong to the optimal design set and meet the allowable societal risk constraint.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Cost Minimization of Gas Turbine Power Cycles for Distributed Power Generation Using Sequential Quadratic Programming Method

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satriya Sulistiyo Aji ◽  
Young Sang Kim ◽  
Kook Young Ahn ◽  
Young Duk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Sequential Quadratic Programming ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

The life-cycle cost reduction of medium-class gas turbine power plants was investigated using the mathematical optimization technique. Three different types of gas turbine power cycles—a simple cycle, a regenerative cycle, and a combined cycle—were examined, and their optimal design conditions were determined using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique. As a modeling reference, the Siemens SGT-700 gas turbine was chosen and its technical data were used for system simulation and validation. Through optimization using the SQP method, the overall costs of the simple cycle, regenerative cycle, and combined cycle were reduced by 7.4%, 12.0%, and 3.9%, respectively, compared to the cost of the base cases. To examine the effect of economic parameters on the optimal design condition and cost, different values of fuel costs, interest rates, and discount rates were applied to the cost calculation, and the optimization results were analyzed and compared. The values were chosen to reflect different countries’ economic situations: South Korea, China, India, and Indonesia. For South Korea and China, the optimal design condition is proposed near the upper bound of the variation range, implying that the efficiency improvement plays an important role in cost reduction. For India and Indonesia, the optimal condition is proposed in the middle of the variation ranges. Even for India and Indonesia, the fuel cost has the largest contribution to the total cost, accounting for more than 60%.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMICS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. S. Karimov ◽  
M. Abid ◽  
S. I. Islomov ◽  
N. H. Karimova ◽  
M. W. Al-Grafi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT: In this paper life-cycle cost analysis of three biogas digesters is presented. Results show that the cost of biogas depends on the construction of digesters, sizes of methane tank and possibility of heating of the slurry. Biogas and natural gas costs calaculated are observed and found to be comparable. It is recommended that the biogas digesters can be constructed and installed, in principle, for every family and there is no need to built long gas pipe lines. ABSTRAK: Kertaskerja ini membentangkan analisis kos kitar hayat tiga pencerna biogas. Keputusan menunjukkan kos biogas bergantung kepada pembinaan pencerna, saiz tangki metana dan kemungkinan pemanasan buburan. Pengiraan kos biogas dan gas asli diambil kira dan ianya didapati setanding. Adalah disarankan pencerna biogas boleh dibina dan dipasang secara teorinya, bagi setiap keluarga tanpa memerlukan pembinaan paip gas yang panjang.

Research on Life Cycle Cost Model of Drainpipe Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Gui Zhen Hao ◽  
Li Min Wang ◽  
Shu Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Life

The cost model for optimal design of drainpipe network was formed, according to the conception of total life cycle management,and the functional relation of drainpipe construction cost and tube diameter and burial depth was fitted, according to the quota of index of estimate,this made that it is possible to estimate total life cycle cost of drainpipe network accurately.

Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of Seismically Base-Isolated Large Tanks in Liquefied Natural Gas Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Dagen Weng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Earthquake Force ◽  
Supplemental Dampers ◽  
The Cost

A new methodology is being introduced to address the life-cycle cost (LCC) of base-isolated large liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks. The relationship between LCC and seismic fortification intensity was established to evaluate how much earthquake force being isolated can minimize LCC. Each composition of LCC was analyzed including the initial cost, the isolators' cost, and the excepted damage cost. The isolators' cost consists of the cost of laminated lead rubber bearings (LLRB) and supplemental dampers. The cost of LLRB was proposed proportional to its volume and the proposed cost of supplemental dampers was not only related to its maximum displacement but also to its tonnage. The concept of seismic intensity was being used to estimate the expected damage cost, greatly simplifying the calculation. Moreover, a tank in a LNG receiving terminal in China was employed as an example, the LCC of which was assessed in isolated and nonisolated situation, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method was efficient and the expected damage cost was enormously reduced because of the application of isolation, which leaded to the reduction of the LCC of the tank.

scholarly journals Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
José Manuel Salmerón Lissen ◽  
Cristina Isabel Jareño Escudero ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
Miriam Navarro Escudero ◽  
Theoni Karlessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Cost

The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.

Design for Product Variety: Key to Product Line Structuring

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ishii ◽  
Cheryl Juengel ◽  
C. Fritz Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structure Graph

Abstract This study develops a method to capture the broadest customer preference in a product line while minimizing the life-cycle cost of providing variety. The paper begins with an overview of product variety and its importance in overhead costs: supply chain, equipment and tooling, service, and recycling. After defining the product structure graph as a representation of variety, the paper introduces an approximate measure for the customer importance and life-cycle cost of product variety The cost measure utilizes the concept of late point identification which urges standardization early in the manufacturing process and differentiation at the end of the process. The variety importance-cost map allows engineers to identify cost drivers in the design of the product or the manufacturing system and seek improvements. The refrigerator door example illustrates the concept. On-going work seeks to validate and enhance the method with several companies from different industries.

A Study of Life Cycle Costing in the Perspectives of Research and Commercial Applications in the 21st Century

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai M. Cheung ◽  
Linda B. Newnes ◽  
Antony R. Mileham ◽  
Robert Marsh ◽  
John D. Lanham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This paper presents a review of research in the area of life cycle costing and offers a critique of current commercial cost estimation systems. The focus of the review is on relevant academic research on life cycle cost from 2000 onwards. In addition to this a comparison of the current cost estimation systems is presented. Using the review findings and industrial investigations as a base, a set of mathematical representations for design and manufacturing costs and the introduction of the critical factors is proposed. These are considered in terms of the operational, maintenance and disposal costs to create a method for ascertaining the life cycle cost estimate for complex products. This is presented using as an exemplar, research currently being undertaken in the area of low volume and long life electronic products in the UK defence sector. The benefit of the method proposed is that it aims to avoid the inflexibility of traditional approaches which usually require historical and legacy data to support the cost estimation processes.

scholarly journals Engineered Resilient System Life Cycle Costing Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Allen Blash ◽  
William Butler ◽  
Lindy Clark ◽  
Kyle Fleming ◽  
LTC Jennifer Kasker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Cost Estimating ◽  
Tracked Vehicles ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
System Life ◽  
The Cost

In order to make the best use of the defense spending budget, it is critical that the Department of Defense (DoD) accurately predict the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E), Procurement, and Operation and Support (O&S) costs down to the third level of the Work Breakdown Structure for Major Defense Acquisition Project (MDAP) wheeled or tracked vehicles. This research utilizes historical data, extracted from government databases, to develop cost estimating relationships (CERs) that predict the life cycle cost of wheeled and tracked vehicles based on attributes. This research can also be leveraged for defense acquisition programs across the DoD portfolio. The model will be integrated into a tradespace analysis tool, ERS & CREATE-GV, which was developed by ERDC to predict the cost of each alternative created in the tradespace.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document