Tribological Behavior of Novel Hybrid Composite Materials Using Taguchi Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Uvaraja ◽  
N. Natarajan ◽  
I. Rajendran ◽  
K. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Al 6061

Novel Al-6061 hybrid composite materials with varying range of SiC particulate and constant weight percentage of B4C particulate and 1% of magnesium alloy were fabricated by the stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route). The mechanical and tribological properties of the hybrid composites and that of Al-6061 unreinforced alloy were examined by a Rockwell hardness test machine, pin-on-disc test machine, and Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A plan of experiment generated through Taguchi's technique was used to conduct experiments based on the L27 orthogonal array. The developed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the regression equations were used to investigate the influence of parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding time, and percentage of reinforcement and their interactions on the dry sliding wear and friction coefficient of the composites. The motto of the present study is ‘the smaller the better’ to identify the optimum conditions for dry sliding wear and the friction coefficient. The results indicate that wear rate and friction coefficient were highly influenced by applied load, sliding speed, percentage of reinforcement and sliding time whereas the interaction between these parameters show only a minor influence in Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs). The wear surface morphology and wear mechanism of the pins were investigated using SEM and were correlated with wear test results. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results. It is concluded that Al-6061 hybrid composite can replace the conventional material used in the brake disc of automobiles owing to improved hardness and strength and reduced wear rate.

Effects of Primary Si and Applied Load on the Dry Sliding Wear Behaviors of Hypereutectic Al-20Si Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Qing Lin Li ◽  
Tian Dong Xia ◽  
Ye Feng Lan ◽  
Yi Sheng Jian
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Primary Si

The effects of the primary Si phase and applied load on the dry sliding wear behaviors of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy were investigated. The results show that coarse polygonal and star-like primary Si was refined into fine blocky shape by increasing superheat treatment temperature. The friction coefficient and wear rate significantly decrease after decreasing the size and changing the morphology of primary Si. Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with the increase of applied load. Therefore, the wear properties are greatly influenced by the parameters like morphology and size of primary Si as well as applied load.

Experimental Study of a Dry Sliding Wear for a Different Materials Using a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Ali ◽  
Qussay Y. Hamid ◽  
Thaer F.A. Al-Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Pin On Disk

In the present work, an experimental investigation has been made of a dry sliding wear rate for aluminum, aluminum alloy (Al-Fe-V-Si), bronze, stainless steel 304 and structural steel ASTM A36, using a pin-on-disk apparatus under the effect of sliding speed and time at constant load. The materials were tested on two types of abrasive surfaces with a grit surface of 24 and 36. The applied load was equal to 2500 grams and the same load was used for all of the pins that were tested. The relative wear was indicated by the loss in length and loss in mass. The results show that the wear rate will directly proportional with sliding speed and time, and the stainless steel has less wear rate than the other materials.

Dry sliding wear behavior of Saffil fiber-reinforced Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy-based composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Liming Peng ◽  
Wenjiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
The Matrix

Dry sliding wear behavior of the creep-resistant magnesium alloy Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr and its composites have been investigated in this study. Magnesium matrix composites are prepared by squeezing casting infiltration of Mg alloy into Saffil preforms. Wear tests are conducted using ball-on-flat sliding wear set up under a sliding velocity range of 1-15 cm/s and at an applied load range of 1-8 N for a constant sliding distance of 150 m. According to results, mechanical and wear-resistance properties of magnesium alloy improved by introducing Saffil fibers, and the alumina binder composite has a higher strength and lower wear rate than silica binder composite. The wear rates of the matrix alloy, composites and their counter-face balls increase with increasing applied load. The increment of sliding velocities decreases the wear rate of the matrix alloy under the tested sliding velocities. A critical threshold of sliding velocity for the wear rate of both composites and their counter-faces is about 9 cm/s. Abrasion and plastic deformation are considered to be the dominant mechanism for the matrix alloy in tested conditions, and for both composites under low sliding velocity (<10 cm/s) and at low applied loads (1-5 N). Delamination is the wear mechanism of the silica binder composites at a high applied load (8 N). Adhesion and oxidation are the controlling wear mechanism of matrix alloy and composites under a sliding velocity of 15 cm/s.

Effect of Bifilm Oxides on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Fe-Rich Al–Si Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akaberi ◽  
R. Taghiabadi ◽  
A. Razaghian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of bifilm oxides on the dry sliding wear behavior of Fe-rich (1.5 wt.%) F332 Al–Si alloy under as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions was investigated. Toward this end, the surface oxides were intentionally incorporated into the molten alloy by surface agitation. The results showed that, after sliding under the applied load of 75 N, due to the presence of bifilms, the wear rate of base (0.2 wt.% Fe) and 1.5 wt.% Fe-containing alloys increased by almost 22% and 14%, respectively. The results also indicated that, despite the positive effect on the hardness, T6 heat treatment adversely affected the wear resistance of alloys made under surface turbulence condition. This negative effect can be attributed to the expansion of bifilms which, during heat treatment, are converted to the potential sites for initiation and propagation of subsurface microcracks. However, the strengthening effect exerted by the thermally modified β-Al5FeSi platelets showed that it can compensate the negative effects of bifilm oxides because it improves the wear rate of 1.5 wt.% Fe-containing F332-T6 alloy by about 5% under the applied load of 75 N.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of 2218 Al-Alloy-Al2O3(TiO2) Hybrid Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Tirth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Sliding Distance

AA2218–Al2O3(TiO2) composites are synthesized by stirring 2, 5, and 7 wt % of 1:2 mixture of Al2O3:TiO2 powders in molten AA2218 alloy. T61 heat-treated composites characterized for microstructure and hardness. Dry sliding wear tests conducted on pin-on-disk setup at available loads 4.91–13.24 N, sliding speed of 1.26 m/s up to sliding distance of 3770 m. Stir cast AA2218 alloy (unreinforced, 0 wt % composite) wears quickly by adhesion, following Archard's law. Aged alloy exhibits lesser wear rate than unaged (solutionized). Mathematical relationship between wear rate and load proposed for solutionized and peak aged alloy. Volume loss in wear increases linearly with sliding distance but drops with the increase in particle wt % at a given load, attributed to the increase in hardness due to matrix reinforcement. Minimum wear rate is recorded in 5 wt % composite due to increased particles retention, lesser porosity, and uniform particle distribution. In composites, wear phenomenon is complex, combination of adhesive and abrasive wear which includes the effect of shear rate, due to sliding action in composite, and abrasive effect (three body wear) of particles. General mathematical relationship for wear rate of T61 aged composite as a function of particle wt % load is suggested. Fe content on worn surface increases with the increase in particle content and counterface temperature increases with the increase in load. Coefficient of friction decreases with particle addition but increases in 7 wt % composite due to change in microstructure.

Study on Tribology Properties of Graphite/TiC/Ni-Base Alloy Composite Coating

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Bin Cai ◽  
Ye Fa Tan ◽  
Hui Yong Ji ◽  
Xiao Long Wang ◽  
Long He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Alloy Composite ◽  
Nacl Solution

In order to reduce friction coefficient of the Ni-base alloy coating and further improve its wear resistance, the graphite/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coating was prepared on the surface of 45 carbon steel by plasma spray. Effects of loads, friction counterparts and lubricants on tribological properties of the coating were investigated. The results show that friction coefficient of the composite coating is reduced by 33% than that of the Ni-base alloy coating when worn against GCr15. Wear losses of the composite coating are less than those of the Ni-base alloy coating at all loads of 6N, 8N, 10N and 12N. Worn against Si3N4, friction coefficient of the composite coating is 13% less than that worn against GCr15, but its wear loss is 2.9 times of that worn against GCr15. Wear mechanism of the composite coating is micro cutting and brittle fraction when worn against Si3N4. Under lubrication of NaCl solution, friction coefficient of the composite coating is almost the same as that under dry sliding, wear loss is increased by 1.6 times. Stress corrosion and wedging effects of the NaCl solution are main wear mechanisms of the composite coating.

Microstructure and Wear Properties of In Situ TiC-Cr7C3/Fe Surface Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Si Jing Fu ◽  
Yi Chao Ding ◽  
Yi San Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Surface Composite ◽  
The Matrix

A wear resistant TiC-Cr7C3/Fe surface composite was produced by cast technique and in-situ synthesis technique. The microstructure and dry-sliding wear behavior of the surface composite was investigated using scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and MM-200 wear test machine. The results show that the surface composite consists of TiC and Cr7C3as the reinforcing phase, α-Fe and γ-Fe as the matrix. The surface composite has excellent wear-resistance under dry-sliding wear test condition with heavy loads.

Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of recursive friction stir processed aluminium 7075 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012094161
Author(s):  
G Girish ◽  
V Anandakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Sliding Distance

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviour of recursively friction stir processed AA7075 was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The microstructure of the processed specimen was probed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi experimental design by varying three different parameters like load, sliding velocity and sliding distance, and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the influence of the parameters over the wear rate. From the main effect plot, the combination of 9.81 N of load, 2 m/s of sliding velocity and a sliding distance of 2000 m was identified as the optimum levels that minimize the wear rate. The regression model was developed to calculate the wear rate, and the validation test was performed with the optimum parameter combination and compared with the experimental results. Wear tracks were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy to identify the type of wear mechanism.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Titanium Metal Powder Filled Aluminum Alloy Composites for Gear Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiwani Kumar ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
I.K. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Titanium Metal

In the current research work, the influence of titanium metal powder on wear beheviour of Al 7075 composites is investigated. These composites were fabricated by using the high vacuum casting machine. The Tribological beheviour of titanium metal powder aluminum alloy composites was investigated by performing dry sliding experiments as a function of wear with a E-31 harden steel disk( 62 HRC) as the counterpart on pin on disk machine . Wear experiments were performed for normal load of 20, 35, 50 , 65 and 80 N at sliding velocities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 m/s and sliding distance (250 ,500, 750, 1000 and 1250 m at room temperature. The tests were performed on Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array and the effect of working parameters on wear rate was studied using ANOVA. To investigate the dominant sliding wear mechanism for different steady state experiment conditions, the SEM micrograph of worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The wear rate was found to minimum as compared to unfilled alloy and the wear resistance improves the aluminum alloy composites. Finally, it was investigated that the analysis of microstructure and wear properties of titanium metal powder filled alloy composite.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 Composite Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Ahmet Karaaslan ◽  
Alptekin Kısasöz ◽  
Ş. Hakan Atapek ◽  
Kerem Altuğ Güler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Saf 2205 ◽  
Wear Tests

AbstractThe wear behavior of cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 composite material fabricated by vacuum-assisted investment flask casting was investigated under dry sliding condition. The wear tests were carried out using a “ball-on-disc” type tribometer. In the wear tests, 100Cr6 and ZrO2 balls were used as counterparts and the load, total distance and rotating speed were selected as 10 N, 100 m and 100 rpm, respectively. The results were evaluated using the friction coefficient–distance diagram, weight loss and wear rate. All worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and wear characteristics of the materials were discussed as a function of the microstructural features. It was concluded that composite material had lower friction coefficient, less weight loss and slower wear rate than that of cast material.

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