Long-Term Wave Power Statistics for Individual Waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Dag Myrhaug
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Power Device ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wave Power Potential ◽  
The Individual

The paper provides long-term bivariate distributions of wave power with wave height, and wave power with wave period. This is relevant for assessments of wave power devices and their potential for converting energy from waves. The results can be applied to compare systematically the wave power potential for individual waves at different locations based on short-term statistical description of the individual waves and the long-term statistical information of the wave climate. Furthermore, it allows for assessment of the efficiency of a given wave power device for each location.

Wave Power Statistics for Sea States

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Myrhaug ◽  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Håvard Holm
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Characteristic Wave ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wave Power Potential

This paper provides a bivariate distribution of wave power and significant wave height, as well as a bivariate distribution of wave power and a characteristic wave period for sea states, and the statistical aspects of wave power for sea states are discussed. This is relevant for, e.g., making assessments of wave power devices and their potential for converting energy from waves. The results can be applied to compare systematically the wave power potential at different locations based on long term statistical description of the wave climate.

Wave Power Statistics for Sea States

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Myrhaug ◽  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Ha˚vard Holm
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wave Power Potential

The paper provides a bivariate distribution of wave power and significant wave height, and the statistical aspects of wave power for sea states are discussed. This is relevant for e.g. making assessments of wave power devices and their potential for converting energy from waves. The results can be applied to compare systematically the wave power potential at different locations based on long term statistical description of the wave climate.

Social trust, norms and morality

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Popper
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe article approaches the topic of social trust from an evolutionary perspective. It begins by summarising the most influential approaches that have defined specific and social trust and ascertains what causes differences in degrees of trust and how the potential risk of deception might be lowered. It then notes that the basis of morality had already been formed during the era of prehistoric man, who was able to create coalitions against aggressors and to socially control the behaviour of deviants. It points out, however, that having a certain predisposition to behaving cooperatively or an increased sensitivity to recognising and not tolerating behaviour aimed at abusing cooperation is not a sufficient guarantee of the fact that people will always (or at least in the majority of situations) favour cooperation over deception. One of the reasons for this is a tendency to favour short-term gains over long-term ones. The article argues that establishing norms (moral, social and legal) produces a higher level of social trust because it not only “encourages” individuals to behave in certain ways in particular situations but also works as a sanction which “discourages” the individual from socially deviant behaviour. The article then focuses on a debate about the causal relationship between social trust and social capital. It discusses the suggestion that political institutions, government and the judiciary may reduce rather than raise levels of social capital and consequently also the level of social trust. This is partly because of their powerful position and the consequent scope for corruption and partly because of the fact that even when attempting to act honestly, representatives of these institutions cannot sufficiently reflect upon dynamic change at the local level. Finally, the article ends by adopting the position that social trust is built primarily from bottom up and so it is risky to continually doubt the very existence and usefulness of social norms and morality and to be governed simply by legal norms.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF YOUNG STROKE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Nitin Hiraman Suryawanshi ◽  
Amit Aggarwal ◽  
Abhijit Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stroke In Young

A study of stroke in young patients has recently become a subject of interest. This is due to a lot of impact on the individual and society. Study of stroke in young patients can lead to therapeutical results affecting both short term and long-term outcomes. Our study is hospital based retrospective study for duration of 1 year. Thi Methods: Results: s study revealed stroke in young in 25.16% of all stroke cases, with cerebral infarction in 56% and followed by intracerebral haemorrhage in 25.64%, and cerebral venous thrombosis in 18%. The most common presenting symptom was hemiparesis. The most prevalent risk factor for stroke in young was hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption and smoking. Stroke in young requires a differe Conclusion: nt approach to investigate and treat. This is due to different underlying etilogy as compared to elderly. Although traditional risk factors are associated with stroke, behavioural pattern such as smoking and alcohol may cause and promote development of stroke in young.

Characteristics of Hydrodynamics and Generating Output of the Offshore Floating Wave Energy Device “Mighty Whale”

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Osawa ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Shogo Miyajima
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Power Device ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Generator System

In this paper, a new numerical calculation method is presented; it was developed for the analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating, oscillating water column (OWC) type wave power device. The method is examined by comparing results calculated with the method with results of water tank experiments. The examination was concerned with the determination of hydrodynamic coefficients, characteristics of air pressure and water level in an air chamber, and characteristics of hull motion and wave energy absorption. The calculated results agreed with the results of water tank tests; the method presented adequately estimated the hydrodynamic characteristics of the floating OWC type wave power device, including the wave energy absorption effects. An estimation method is presented for the output power of a turbine-generator system. The method was developed for the design of the “Mighty Whale” turbine-generator system. Moreover, the method was assessed by comparing predictions with open sea test results. The mean value of the output power was estimated reasonably well. In conclusion, the estimation methods presented are useful for the design of floating OWC wave power devices. Such tools are useful for the designer interested in developing optimal wave power devices.

scholarly journals Wave climate in the Arkona Basin, the Baltic Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soomere ◽  
R. Weisse ◽  
A. Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Basic Features

Abstract. The basic features of the wave climate in the Southwestern Baltic Sea (such as the average and typical wave conditions, frequency of occurrence of different wave parameters, variations in wave heights from weekly to decadal scales) are established based on waverider measurements at the Darss Sill in 1991–2010. The measured climate is compared with two numerical simulations with the WAM wave model driven by downscaled reanalysis of wind fields for 1958–2002 and by adjusted geostrophic winds for 1970–2007. The wave climate in this region is typical for semi-enclosed basins of the Baltic Sea. The maximum wave heights are about half of those in the Baltic Proper. The maximum recorded significant wave height HS =4.46 m occurred on 3 November 1995. The wave height exhibits no long-term trend but reveals modest interannual (about 12 % of the long-term mean of 0.76 m) and substantial seasonal variation. The wave periods are mostly concentrated in a narrow range of 2.6–4 s. Their distribution is almost constant over decades. The role of remote swell is very small.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression in Patients Hospitalized With Chronic Kidney Disease in Barranquilla Clinics, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Sierra Llamas ◽  
Rafael E. Donado Castillo ◽  
Gustavo Aroca ◽  
Santos Ángel Depine ◽  
Gladys Gaviria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of anxiety and depression in patients aged between 18 and 70 years, hospitalized with chronic kidney disease in a clinic entity of the city of Barranquilla. The type of research is descriptive, presenting the information through the indicators and statistical tables, the Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression of, Zigmond & Smith (1983), which evaluates the detection of depressive and anxious disorders in the non-psychiatric hospital context. The application of the Scale was performed in the hospital entity of the city of Barranquilla to 50 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The results they are beneficial in the short term, because they create new research proposals applied to another population group diagnosed with chronic diseases, especially for the evaluation and intervention in the area of health psychology. In the long term, new theories, methods of intervention and evaluation applied to the population of patients with chronic kidney disease will be studied. In the same way, the results show marked trends related to depression, an aspect that is consistent with the deterioration that affects the individual in the course of the disease and also show a positive correlation of the study variables, depression and anxiety disorders in patients with CKD can be due to a symptomatology or consequence of psychological burnout.

scholarly journals How adaptive plasticity evolves when selected against

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rago ◽  
Kostas Kouvaris ◽  
Tobias Uller ◽  
Richard Watson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Individual

AbstractAdaptive plasticity allows organisms to cope with environmental change, thereby increasing the population’s long-term fitness. However, individual selection can only compare the fitness of individuals within each generation: if the environment changes more slowly than the generation time (i.e., a coarse-grained environment) a population will not experience selection for plasticity even if it is adaptive in the long-term. How does adaptive plasticity then evolve? One explanation is that, if competing alleles conferring different degrees of plasticity persist across multiple environments, natural selection between lineages carrying those alleles could select for adaptive plasticity (lineage selection).We show that adaptive plasticity can evolve even in the absence of such lineage selection. Instead, we propose that adaptive plasticity in coarse-grained environments evolves as a by-product of inefficient short-term natural selection. In our simulations, populations that can efficiently respond to selective pressures follow short-term, local, optima and have lower long-term fitness. Conversely, populations that accumulate limited genetic change within each environment evolve long-term adaptive plasticity even when plasticity incurs short-term costs. These results remain qualitatively similar regardless of whether we decrease the efficiency of natural selection by increasing the rate of environmental change or decreasing mutation rate, demonstrating that both factors act via the same mechanism. We demonstrate how this mechanism can be understood through the concept of learning rate.Our work shows how plastic responses that are costly in the short term, yet adaptive in the long term, can evolve as a by-product of inefficient short-term selection, without selection for plasticity at either the individual or lineage level.

scholarly journals Invited Commentary: The Disillusionment of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E Gilman ◽  
Mady Hornig
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) model promises a greater understanding of early development but has left unresolved the balance of risks and benefits to offspring of medication use during pregnancy. Masarwa et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(8):1817–1827) conducted a meta-analysis of the association between in utero acetaminophen exposure and risks of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A challenge of meta-analyzing results from observational studies is that summary measures of risk do not correspond to well-defined interventions when the individual studies adjusted for different covariate sets, which was the case here. This challenge limits the usefulness of observational meta-analyses for inferences about etiology and treatment planning. With that limitation understood, Masarwa et al. reported a 20%–30% higher risk of ADHD and ASD following prenatal acetaminophen exposure. Surprisingly, most of the original studies did not report diagnoses of ADHD or ASD. As a result, their summary estimates of risk are not informative about children’s likelihood of ADHD and ASD diagnoses. The long-term promise of DOHaD remains hopeful, but more effort is needed in the short-term to critically evaluate observational studies suggesting risks associated with medications used to treat conditions during pregnancy that might have adverse consequences for a developing fetus.

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