scholarly journals A Nonlinear Concept of Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Rotational Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Gunn ◽  
S. Theodossiades ◽  
S. J. Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Rotating Shafts ◽  
Speed Fluctuations ◽  
Excessive Noise

Many industrial applications incorporate rotating shafts with fluctuating speeds around a required mean value. This often harmonic component of the shaft speed is generally detrimental, since it can excite components of the system, leading to large oscillations (and potentially durability issues), as well as to excessive noise generation. On the other hand, the addition of sensors on rotating shafts for system monitoring or control poses challenges due to the need to constantly supply power to the sensor and extract data from the system. In order to tackle the requirement of powering sensors for structure health monitoring or control applications, this work proposes a nonlinear vibration energy harvester design intended for use on rotating shafts with harmonic speed fluctuations. The essential nonlinearity of the harvester allows for increased operating bandwidth, potentially across the whole range of the shaft's operating conditions.

An Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Rotational Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Gunn ◽  
Stephanos Theodossiades ◽  
Steve Rothberg ◽  
Tim Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Rotating Shafts ◽  
Speed Fluctuations ◽  
Excessive Noise

Many industrial applications incorporate rotating shafts with fluctuating speeds around a desired mean value. This often harmonic component of the shaft speed is generally undesirable, since it can excite parts of the system and can lead to large oscillations (potentially durability issues), as well as to excessive noise generation. On the other hand, the addition of sensors on rotating shafts for system monitoring or control poses challenges due to the need to supply power to the sensor and extract data from the rotating application. In order to tackle the requirement of powering sensors for structure health monitoring or control applications, this work proposes a nonlinear vibration energy harvester design intended for use on rotating shafts with harmonic speed fluctuations. The essential nonlinearity of the harvester allows for increased operating bandwidth, potentially across the whole range of shaft’s operating conditions.

scholarly journals Physical realisation of a nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvester for rotational applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622098519
Author(s):  
B Gunn ◽  
S Theodossiades ◽  
SJ Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Rotational Vibration ◽  
Rotating Shafts ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

Control and structural health monitoring sensors are becoming increasingly common in industrial and household applications due to recent advances reducing their manufacturing costs, size and power consumption. Nevertheless, providing power for these sensors poses a key challenge to engineers, particularly in system locations where limited access renders regular maintenance infeasible due to high associated costs. In the present work, the design and physical prototype testing of a nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is presented based on a previously reported concept of the authors. The harvester is activated by the torsional speed fluctuations of a rotating shaft. Experimental testing in a rig driven by an electric motor confirms the harvester’s properties and the modelled oscillatory behaviour. This novel rotational vibration energy harvester concept may generate over 10 mW of electrical power for a broadband speed range of approximately 400 rpm (in the examined rotational system with set fluctuating speed) for wireless sensing purposes on rotating shafts.

scholarly journals System-Level Model and Simulation of a Frequency-Tunable Vibration Energy Harvester

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Bouhedma ◽  
Yongchen Rao ◽  
Arwed Schütz ◽  
Chengdong Yuan ◽  
Siyang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
System Level ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Level Model ◽  
System Level Model

In this paper, we present a macroscale multiresonant vibration-based energy harvester. The device features frequency tunability through magnetostatic actuation on the resonator. The magnetic tuning scheme uses external magnets on linear stages. The system-level model demonstrates autonomous adaptation of resonance frequency to the dominant ambient frequencies. The harvester is designed such that its two fundamental modes appear in the range of (50,100) Hz which is a typical frequency range for vibrations found in industrial applications. The dual-frequency characteristics of the proposed design together with the frequency agility result in an increased operative harvesting frequency range. In order to allow a time-efficient simulation of the model, a reduced order model has been derived from a finite element model. A tuning control algorithm based on maximum-voltage tracking has been implemented in the model. The device was characterized experimentally to deliver a power output of 500 µW at an excitation level of 0.5 g at the respected frequencies of 63.3 and 76.4 Hz. In a design optimization effort, an improved geometry has been derived. It yields more close resonance frequencies and optimized performance.

Non-Linear Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting From a Vertical Cantilever Beam With Tip Mass

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Bilgen ◽  
S. Faruque Ali ◽  
Michael I. Friswell ◽  
Grzegorz Litak ◽  
Marc de Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Potential Wells ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Tip Mass

An inverted cantilevered beam vibration energy harvester with a tip mass is evaluated for its electromechanical efficiency and power output capacity in the presence of pure harmonic, pure random and various combinations of harmonic and random base excitation cases. The energy harvester employs a composite piezoelectric material device that is bonded near the root of the beam. The tip mass is used to introduce non-linearity to the system by inducing buckling in some configurations and avoiding it in others. The system dynamics include multiple solutions and jumps between the potential wells, and these are exploited in the harvesting device. This configuration exploits the non-linear properties of the system using base excitation in conjunction with the tip mass at the end of the beam. Such nonlinear device has the potential to work well when the input excitation does not have a dominant harmonic component at a fixed frequency. The paper presents an extensive experimental analysis, results and interesting conclusions derived directly from the experiments supported by numerical simulations.

Design under uncertainty for reliable power generation of piezoelectric energy harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 2437-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Seong ◽  
Chao Hu ◽  
Soobum Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

In recent years, vibration energy harvesters have been widely studied to build self-powered wireless sensor networks for monitoring modern engineered systems. Although there has been significant research effort on different energy harvester configurations, the power output of a vibration energy harvester is known to be sensitive to various sources of uncertainties such as material properties, geometric tolerances, and operating conditions. This article proposes a reliability-based design optimization method to find an optimum design of energy harvester that satisfies the target reliability on power generation. This optimum design of vibration energy harvester demonstrates reliable power generation capability in the presence of the various sources of uncertainties.

Theoretical modeling and analysis of a 2-degree-of-freedom hybrid piezoelectric–electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with a driven beam

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2465-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Shaogang Liu ◽  
Qingtao Xu ◽  
Wenyi Sun ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
Operating Bandwidth

In the article, a novel 2-degree-of-freedom hybrid piecewise-linear piezoelectric–electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is presented to achieve better energy harvesting efficiency. The harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harvesting device to which an electromagnetic mechanism is coupled to improve the integral energy output, and a driven beam is mounted to broaden the operating bandwidth by inducing nonlinearity. Considering the piezoelectric–electromagnetic coupling characteristics and the nonlinear factors, dynamic equations of the system are established. Expressions of the output power are deduced though averaging method. Characteristic parameters are analyzed theoretically, including the piezoelectric parameters, electromagnetic parameters, and the piecewise-linearity. Frequency sweep excitation test is conducted on the setup at an excitation acceleration of 0.3 g and results demonstrate that two resonant regions are obtained with the peak output power of 5.4 and 6.49 mW, respectively, and the operating bandwidth is increased by 8 Hz. Moreover, though adjusting the stiffness of the driven beam k3 and the gap between the primary beam and the driven beam d, the performance of the harvester can be further optimized.

Experimental Study on Performance Enhancement of a Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester by applying Self-Resonating Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Aboulfotoh ◽  
Jens Twiefel ◽  
Malte Krack ◽  
Jörg Wallaschek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Abstract This paper introduces a passive self-tuning energy harvester by applying self-resonating behavior. Under certain operating conditions, self-resonating systems have the capability to passively adjust their dynamical characteristics until the whole system becomes resonant. A clamped-clamped beam with an attached mass sliding freely with a slight gap showed self-resonating behavior. Under a harmonic input excitation and a well-defined operating regime, the mass moved along the beam thus causing a change in the natural frequency of the structure, and then stopped at the position where the natural frequency matched the excitation frequency, resulting in a significant increase in the vibration amplitude. For harvesting energy, a piezoelectric element was glued at one end of the beam. The operating regime of the self-resonating behavior was found experimentally in the two halves of the beam. In the half containing the piezoelectric element, self-resonating behavior was achieved between 126 Hz and 143 Hz. In the other half, it was achieved between 135 Hz and 165 Hz. Maximum power output of 2.5 mW was obtained under an input excitation of 4.92 m/s2 and 148 Hz. It is to be concluded that applying self-resonating behavior on energy harvesting provides a promising broadband technique.

Magnetic Coupled Cantilever Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Tang ◽  
Yaowen Yang ◽  
Liya Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Lumped Parameter Models ◽  
Operating Bandwidth

A conventional vibration energy harvester is usually designed as a linear single-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) resonator. The efforts to improve its efficiency involve two aspects, i.e., enlarging the magnitude of output and widening the operating bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a magnetic coupled cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) to achieve the above two goals. Different from other reported magnetic coupled PEHs, the magnetic interaction in the proposed design is introduced by a magnetic oscillator. Firstly, the lumped parameter models are established for the conventional linear PEH, the nonlinear PEH with a fixed magnet and the proposed PEH with a magnetic oscillator. The governing equations of the three systems are then provided in the state space form and their dynamics can be simulated by numerical integration. Subsequently, experimental tests are performed to validate the models. Both experiment and simulation show that the dynamics of the magnetic oscillator is able to not only broaden the operating bandwidth but also enhance the maximum power output of the PEH. Based on the validated model, parametric study is conducted to optimize the system performance.

Estimation Methodology for Automotive Turbochargers Speed Fluctuations due to Pulsating Flows

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponti ◽  
V. Ravaglioli ◽  
M. De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
Small Engines ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

Turbocharging technique, together with engine downsizing, will play a fundamental role in the near future as a way to reach the required maximum performance while reducing engine displacement and, consequently, CO2 emissions. However, performing an optimal control of the turbocharging system is very difficult, especially for small engines fitted with a low number of cylinders. This is mainly due to the high turbocharger operating range and to the fact that the flow through compressor and turbine is highly unsteady, while only steady flow maps are usually provided by the manufacturer. In addition, in passenger cars applications, it is usually difficult to optimize turbocharger operating conditions because of the lack of information about pressure/temperature in turbine upstream/downstream circuits and turbocharger rotational speed. This work presents a methodology suitable for instantaneous turbocharger rotational speed determination through a proper processing of the signal coming from an accelerometer mounted on the compressor diffuser or a microphone faced to the compressor. The presented approach can be used to evaluate turbocharger speed mean value and turbocharger speed fluctuation (due to unsteady flow in turbine upstream and downstream circuits), that can be correlated to the power delivered by the turbine. The whole estimation algorithm has been developed and validated for a light duty turbocharged Common-Rail Diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the developed methodology is general and can be applied to different turbochargers, both for Spark Ignited and Diesel applications.

Estimation Methodology for Automotive Turbochargers Speed Fluctuations Due to Pulsating Flows

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Matteo De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
Small Engines ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

Turbocharging technique, together with engine downsizing, will play a fundamental role in the near future as a way to reach the required maximum performance while reducing engine displacement and, consequently, CO2 emissions. However, performing an optimal control of the turbocharging system is very difficult, especially for small engines fitted with a low number of cylinders. This is mainly due to the high turbocharger operating range and to the fact that the flow through compressor and turbine is highly unsteady, while only steady-flow maps are usually provided by the manufacturer. In addition, in passenger cars applications, it is usually difficult to optimize turbocharger operating conditions because of the lack of information about pressure/temperature in turbine upstream/downstream circuits and turbocharger rotational speed. This work presents a methodology suitable for instantaneous turbocharger rotational speed determination through a proper processing of the signal coming from an accelerometer mounted on the compressor diffuser or a microphone faced to the compressor. The presented approach can be used to evaluate turbocharger speed mean value and turbocharger speed fluctuation (due to unsteady flow in turbine upstream and downstream circuits), which can be correlated to the power delivered by the turbine. The whole estimation algorithm has been developed and validated for a light-duty turbocharged common-rail diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the developed methodology is general and can be applied to different turbochargers, both for spark ignited and diesel applications.

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