Pipe Material Selection and Fracture Control

2012 ◽  
pp. 209-235
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Fracture Control

Scarborough Trunk Watermain—Design Challenges and Pipe Material Selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alberto ◽  
M. Muhammad ◽  
M. Neville ◽  
T. Mahtab
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Design Challenges

Application of Reliability-Based Design Method of Pipeline Material Selection

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyong Zhang ◽  
Wen Wei Zhang ◽  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reliability Design

A certain inland pipeline is located in a cold area and traverses the alpine-cold and permafrost region. For design and selection of steel grade pipeline in such an area, the resistance of X52 and X60 pipes is calculated and analyzed using the reliability design method for the first time based on a comparison of conventional economy and technical schemes, combined with the analysis on pipe failure, reason, and type as well as the ultimate limit state. According to calculation and analysis, the overall resistance of X52 9.5mm pipe is higher than that of X60 8.7mm pipe, except for the equal resistance against excavation and puncture by a third party. This is especially true in regard to the ultimate tensile strain and compression strain, increasing by 17% and 31% respectively. By adopting the Monte Carlo method using certain parameters about pipe material, construction and operational maintenance, the failure probability of X52 and X60 pipes under corrosion as well as excavation and puncture by a third party is calculated and analyzed quantitatively. The result shows that the failure probability of X52, 9.5mm pipe is 2.61 ×10−4 times per kilometer per year which is much less than that of X60 8.7mm pipe (5.50 ×10−4 times per kilometer per year). Considering the safe reliability of pipeline, the X52 9.5mm pipe scheme is far superior to X60 8.7mm pipe scheme. Therefore the former scheme is recommended for design which only increases the cost by 1.5%.

Pipe material selection in drinking water systems - a conference summary

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elfström Broo ◽  
B. Berghult ◽  
T. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Oral Presentations

A review is made of the oral presentations held at the conference “Pipe Material Selection in Drinking Water Distribution Systems - Sustainable Drinking Water Distribution Management”, held in Göteborg, Sweden on 5-6 September 2000. The topics discussed were: processes in the distribution network (microbiological activity and corrosion), water treatment and corrosion control, pipe material selection and structural design, and also the standardisation work within the European Union.

Effect of Fracture Speed on Ductile Fracture Resistance: Part 2—Results and Application

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ming Duan ◽  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Do-Jun Shim ◽  
Gery Wilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Material Fracture

One of the many aspects of natural gas pipeline design and material selection is the consideration of propagation and arrest of high-speed axial ductile fracture in the line pipes. Understanding the material ductile fracture behavior is essential for establishing an integrated fracture control plan. This is particularly important for pipelines of high design pressures utilizing large-diameter and high-grade line pipes. The procedure of Battelle Two-Curve Method (TCM) has been most commonly used in ductile fracture analysis in the prediction of fracture speed and minimum arrest toughness for axially running cracks. In the past decades, discussions and research have been in that the TCM approach, among with others, could not accurately predict either fracture speed or minimum arrest fracture toughness for high-grade pipes, and with pipe grade increasing the prediction errors are getting larger. Recent research work at TransCanada indicates that for a better prediction of pipeline ductile fracture, understanding the basic material mechanical behavior and its fundamental fracture mechanism is essential. One of the important findings of the work is that pipe material fracture toughness is not a constant as being commonly treated, rather the fracture toughness, in terms of both steady-state CTOA and steady-state DWTT fracture energy is fracture speed dependent, being decreasing with increasing fracture speed. Corresponding modifications have been made to the traditional TCM by introducing speed-dependent fracture toughness. The improved model gives much better predictions in both fracture speed and toughness for high grade pipes. This paper presents recent work at TransCanada, together with its industry partner Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus (EMCC), on high-speed pipe-material fracture testing technique (using the modified back-slot DWTT specimen) and high-grade material testing data. The test data supports the predictions of early published work on speed-dependent fracture toughness. The fracture speeds obtained from the modified back-slot DWTT specimens were very close to actual full-scale pipeline ductile fracture speeds and this in turn enhanced the applicability of the modified TCM model.

The Fracture Arrest Behaviour of 914 mm Diameter X100 Grade Steel Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Andrews ◽  
Neil A. Millwood ◽  
A. David Batte ◽  
Barbara J. Lowesmith
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Fracture Control

The drive to reduce the installed cost of high-capacity long-distance pipelines has focused attention on increasing the strength of the pipe material, in order to reduce the tonnage of material purchased, transportation and welding costs. In parallel with developments in plate rolling and pipe fabrication, the properties and performance of prototype pipe materials and construction welds have already been extensively evaluated. While these studies have provided considerable confidence in the performance of X100 pipe, a major remaining issue in the introduction of such steels has been an understanding of the resistance to propagating fractures. The scarcity of relevant fracture propagation data and concerns about the measurement and specification of toughness in high strength steel pipes have led to doubts that the existing methods for control of ductile fracture can be extrapolated to X100 strength levels. In order to provide experimental data on which to base fracture control approaches, a Joint Industry Project has been undertaken using conditions representative of potential applications. Results are presented from two full-scale fracture propagation tests on 914mm pre-production grade X100 pipes pressurised using natural gas. The full-scale results are compared with small-scale test specimen data and also with results from other full-scale tests on high strength steel pipes. This provides a valuable insight into the fracture response of these materials. Information has also been obtained concerning the predictive capability of current gas decompression models. These results provide a contribution to the development of fracture control plans in pipelines using X100 steel linepipe.

Sour Service Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Flowline and Riser Welds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser McMaster ◽  
Jonathan Bowman ◽  
Hugh Thompson ◽  
Michelle Zhang ◽  
Steven Kinyon
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Test Frequency ◽  
Circumferential Welds ◽  
Curved Pipe

Standard X-65 carbon steel pipe material is to be utilized for a flowline and riser system for an on-going project within the Gulf of Mexico. The project-produced fluids are corrosive with CO2 and produced water chemistry being the primary corrosive driving forces. The oil field will utilize water injection for reservoir pressure maintenance and as a consequence souring of the field in the later stages of life could occur. An experimental program of work was undertaken to measure the fatigue “knock-down” factor of sour/brine environments compared to that of laboratory air. Stress-life (S-N) samples were removed from segments of pipe with an outside diameter of 9.625 inch (wall thickness of 1.26 inch) containing fully inspected, production-quality circumferential welds. The environment examined included laboratory air conditions as well as deoxygenated brine supplemented by a gas mix of H2S and CO2. The primary variable changed during the test program was the test frequency. Fatigue testing in the high stress, or flowline, region was performed at 0.01Hz compared to a test frequency of 0.33Hz, utilized for the lower stress region, indicative of riser conditions. For all environmental tests performed, the dissolved oxygen levels were maintained at less than 10 ppb during testing. The measured fatigue life decrease in the curved pipe segments was in the range of 3–12 times when tested under sour brine environmental conditions compared to lab air. The results of this work clearly illustrates the importance of performing environmentally relevant fatigue testing when considering material selection for offshore applications that may contain a sour environment.

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