Field Experience With Pulse-Jet Self-Cleaning Air Filtration on Gas Turbines in a Desert Environment

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Anderson ◽  
R. G. Neaman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Sand Dust ◽  
Pulse Jet

This paper discusses the results of two years continuous operation of automatic self-cleaning air filtration systems designed to provide gas turbine protection in a desert environment subject to high ambient concentrations of sand, dust and salt. The condition of the gas turbines and associated pulse-jet air filtration systems, after two years continuous operation, are described. Filter operating costs are also analyzed.

Development and Operating Experience of Automatic Pulse-Jet Self-Cleaning Air Filters for Combustion Gas Turbines

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Neaman ◽  
A. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Pulse Jet

This paper discusses the development and operating experience of an automatic self-cleaning filter system designed to provide continuous high efficiency air filtration in a desert environment. The need for adequate inlet air treatment for combustion gas turbines has long been recognized. The degree of protection necessary and the ambient conditions under which this has to be achieved vary widely. Of particular interest is the requirement for high efficiency air filtration in the desert regions of the Arabian Peninsula. In the past, conventional gas turbine air filtration systems have proved inadequate to meet this particular need, mainly due to the high ambient dust concentrations experienced.

Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ingistov ◽  
Michael Milos ◽  
Rakesh K. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Operational Data

A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.

Design and Maintenance Issues of Being Able to Repair Marine Gas Turbines Without Removal From the Ship

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Thompson ◽  
John J. Hartranft ◽  
Dan Groghan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Engine Vibration ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Engine Maintenance

Abstract When the concept of aircraft derivative marine gas turbines were originally proposed, one of the selling points was the engine was going to be easy to remove and replace thereby minimizing the operational impact on the ship. Anticipated Mean Time Between Removal (MTBR) of these engines was expected to be approximately 3000 hours, due mostly to turbine corrosion damage. This drove the design and construction of elaborate removal routes into the engine intakes; the expected time to remove and replace the engine was expected to be less than five days. However, when the first USN gas turbine destroyers started operating, it was discovered that turbine corrosion damage was not the problem that drove engine maintenance. The issues that drove engine maintenance were the accessories, the compressor, combustors and engine vibration. Turbine corrosion was discovered to be a longer term affect. This was primarily due to the turbine blade and vane coatings used and intake air filtration. This paper discusses how engine design, tooling development, maintenance procedure development and engine design improvements all contributed to extending the MTBR of USN propulsion and electrical power generation gas turbines on the DD 963, CG 47, DDG 51 and FFG 7 classes to greater than 20,000 hours. The ability to remove the gas turbine rapidly or in most cases repair the engine in-place has given the USN great maintenance flexibility, been very cost effective and not impacted operational readiness.

Performance Deterioration of Intake Air Filters for Gas Turbines in Offshore Installations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Brekke ◽  
Lars E. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Performance Deterioration

Efficient inlet air filtration is a key element for limiting fouling, erosion, and corrosion in the compressor section of offshore gas turbine installations. Current filtration systems are normally successful in preventing serious erosion and corrosion problems in the compressor section, but significant performance deterioration caused by compressor fouling still remains a challenge. This performance deterioration increases fuel consumption and emissions and has a particularly severe economic impact when it reduces oil and gas production. Operating experience from different offshore installations has shown that the deterioration rate in gas turbine performance increases when the turbines are operating in wet or humid weather and that the differential pressure loss over the intake system is affected by ambient humidity. An experimental test rig has been built in the laboratory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in order to increase understanding of the fundamentals related to gas turbine inlet air filtration. This paper presents the results from an experimental investigation of the performance of gas turbine inlet air filter elements that have been in operation offshore. Performance under both dry and wet conditions is assessed. Different types of filter elements show significantly different changes in differential pressure signature when exposed to moisture, and all of the tested filter elements demonstrate a loss of accumulated contamination after operating in wet conditions. Hence, contaminants originally accumulated by the filter elements are re-entrained into the airstream on the downstream side of the filters when they are exposed to moisture. The change in differential pressure signature as a result of operating in wet conditions demonstrates another weakness of solely applying differential pressure for condition monitoring of the filter system.

Salt in the Marine Environment and the Creation of a Standard Input for Gas Turbine Air Intake Filtration Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Recent Developments

Contaminants are ever-present in the air. Contaminated air entering a Gas Turbine will damage internal components and bring about a reduction in overall efficiency. The amount of contaminant entering a Gas Turbine, therefore, needs to be minimised. This paper describes recent developments in the understanding of one such contaminant, salt. It describes how salt is produced, how it varies climatically and how it varies from location to location and is presented here in the context of the author’s particular field of competence — air filtration system design. Salt ingestion by a Gas Turbine intake can cause corrosion and, given time, can accumulate on the compressor blades and reduce the aerodynamic efficiency. The removal of salt in the air is therefore of primary concern to all those involved in the design and operation of Gas Turbines. Salt removal systems are manufactured in various guises. The concept, however, remains the same — salt capture upstream of the Compressor stage. The drawback to this method of salt removal is that it results in a decrease in air pressure entering the Compressor and will consequently bring about a decrease in the overall system performance. As the requirement to remove more and more salt contaminant increases, the pressure drop across the method of filtration required to achieve this, increases. The responsibility of the Filtration Engineer is therefore to fully understand the requirements of the Gas Turbine, to understand the balance between pressure drop, salt removal and salt size and, consequently, to design an appropriate filtration system — one fit for purpose. Gas Turbines in the marine environment are generally found at heights less than 50m above sea level. It is this environment (the Marine Boundary Layer) which historically has been difficult to fully quantify. Herein lies the problem for those involved — if the environment is not fully understood how can the proper exploitation of the technologies be achieved? Recent developments, however, have led to a better understanding of salt in the Marine Boundary Layer. This paper describes these recent developments.

2-Stage Air Filtration for Gas Turbine Naval Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca de Arcangelis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract Traditional air filtration systems for Gas Turbine Naval applications consist of 3 stages: 1st vane separator + pocket filter + 2nd vane separator. The 2nd vane separator is required to drain out droplets formed by the traditional pocket filter during its coalescing function. Further to technological advancements in the water repellency of filter media, as well as leak-free techniques, it is now possible to implement a pocket filter that avoids leaching water droplets downstream. This enables the elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator in the air filtration system. The result is a suitable 2-stage air filtration system. The elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator provides the obvious following advantages: • Reduced pressure drop • Reduced weight • Reduced foot-print • Reduced cost Latest technological advancements in water repellency and high efficiency melt-blown media also allow the attainment of higher performance such as: • Increased efficiency against water droplet and salt in wet state • Increased efficiency against dry salt and dust This results in higher cleanliness of the Gas Turbines with benefits in terms of compressor fouling, compressor blades corrosion and turbine blades hot erosion. Higher performance also results in simplified maintenance as technicians need only focus on the replacement of the elements as opposed to the cleaning and overhauling of the intake duct. The paper goes through the engineering challenges of evolving from a 3-stage to 2-stage filtration system. The paper provides data from testing at independent laboratories with results that back the claims. Furthermore, reference is made to Offshore Oil & Gas installations and testing that have proven successful with independently measured data.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Inlet Air Filtration in Marine Environments: Part II — Commercial Experience and Recommended Practice

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Tatge ◽  
C. R. Gordon ◽  
R. S. Conkey
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Commercial Experience ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The hazards associated with salt ingestion by gas turbines are discussed, and inlet air quality criteria are presented for representative heavy-duty and aircraft-derivative machines. By comparing these criteria to predicted salt levels in marine environments, it is possible to analytically identify appropriate filtration systems. These choices are shown to be compatible with commercial experience on ships, on platforms, and in coastal installations. Consequently, recommendations can be made regarding salt removal systems for marine and coastal applications.

Application of Advanced Technology to In-Service Gas Turbines

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Al Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Technical Issues

This paper discusses the technical issues and business considerations involved in the application of advanced technology to gas turbine replacement parts. Today’s gas turbine owners are facing increased demands on their older machines in the areas of increased fuel efficiency, increased power output, and reduced operating costs. These demands can only be met through the use of superior replacement parts, which is made possible through the application of state-of-the-art technology. This technology is being made available for most turbine, combustion, and controls replacement parts.

Field Experience With Pulse-Jet Self-Cleaning Air Filtration on Gas Turbines in an Arctic Environment

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Retka ◽  
G. S. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Ice Fog ◽  
Self Cleaning

This paper discusses the results of continuous duty operation of automatic self-cleaning air filtration systems on a gas turbine application during a winter season in a North Slope Alaska arctic environment where equipment is subjected to extremely low ambient temperatures, ice fog, and blowing snow. The effects of wind direction, temperature change, and filter installation configurations relative to filter performance are discussed. Recommendations for setup and operation of self-cleaning air filters in cold weather and arctic environments are presented.

Gas Turbine Maintenance Policy: A Statistical Methodology to Prove Interdependency Between Number of Starts and Running Hours

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Fabio Ceschini ◽  
Fausto Carlevaro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Maintenance Policy

In general, two approaches have been followed so far in gas turbine maintenance procedures to determine correct inspection intervals: “no interdependency” or “interdependency” between number of starts and number of running hours. The first approach is based on the assumption that starts and running hours induce different deterioration processes not correlated to each other. Accordingly, the number of starts defines the life limit for cyclic duty operation where low-cycle fatigue phenomena dominate, while the number of running hours define the continuous operation life limit for which erosion, corrosion and creep are controlling factors. The “interdependency” approach instead assumes that failure is produced by combination of low-cycle fatigue and continuous degradation mechanisms: in this scheme the frequency of starts becomes a fundamental parameter in order to determine the optimal maintenance interval. A statistical and reliability engineering methodology to validate the first or rather the second line of action is described in the paper. The population on which the study was conducted is made up by GE Oil & Gas PGT10 gas turbines that are in operation worldwide with fleet operation totaling 1,5 million hours. Most of the cases examined consist of mechanical drive applications for natural gas production, storage and transportation, with significant combination of both intermittent and continuous operation. Hot gas path components have been chosen for examination in consideration of their sensitivity to effects of both cyclic fatigue stress and wear mechanisms. The analysis concentrates on transition piece and combustion liner, both having scored a number of failures statistically significant for the purposes of this study. This analysis is considered the key to optimize inspection intervals and therefore achieve extended machine life. The methodology, based on Weibull data analysis, has been applied to a restricted sample of machines that operate in “standard” conditions, corresponding to gas fuel utilization, mechanical drive service with homogeneous load factor and very low number of trips. The study shows that interdependency between starts and running hours does exist and, given the number of starts, the corresponding running hours can be evaluated, and the inspection intervals appropriately predicted. Further developments of this study will be aimed at evaluating maintenance factors for “non standard” conditions such as dual fuel combustion systems, generator drive and operation with higher number of trips etc.

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