2-Stage Air Filtration for Gas Turbine Naval Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca de Arcangelis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract Traditional air filtration systems for Gas Turbine Naval applications consist of 3 stages: 1st vane separator + pocket filter + 2nd vane separator. The 2nd vane separator is required to drain out droplets formed by the traditional pocket filter during its coalescing function. Further to technological advancements in the water repellency of filter media, as well as leak-free techniques, it is now possible to implement a pocket filter that avoids leaching water droplets downstream. This enables the elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator in the air filtration system. The result is a suitable 2-stage air filtration system. The elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator provides the obvious following advantages: • Reduced pressure drop • Reduced weight • Reduced foot-print • Reduced cost Latest technological advancements in water repellency and high efficiency melt-blown media also allow the attainment of higher performance such as: • Increased efficiency against water droplet and salt in wet state • Increased efficiency against dry salt and dust This results in higher cleanliness of the Gas Turbines with benefits in terms of compressor fouling, compressor blades corrosion and turbine blades hot erosion. Higher performance also results in simplified maintenance as technicians need only focus on the replacement of the elements as opposed to the cleaning and overhauling of the intake duct. The paper goes through the engineering challenges of evolving from a 3-stage to 2-stage filtration system. The paper provides data from testing at independent laboratories with results that back the claims. Furthermore, reference is made to Offshore Oil & Gas installations and testing that have proven successful with independently measured data.

Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ingistov ◽  
Michael Milos ◽  
Rakesh K. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Operational Data

A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Brigitte Heinecke ◽  
Michael Ott ◽  
Rolf Wilkenhoener
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Advanced Technologies

The availability and reliability of gas turbine units are critical for success to gas turbine users. Advanced hot gas path components that are used in state-of-the-art gas turbines have to ensure high efficiency, but require advanced technologies for assessment during maintenance inspections in order to decide whether they should be reused or replaced. Furthermore, advanced repair and refurbishment technologies are vital due to the complex nature of such components (e.g., Directionally Solidified (DS) / Single Crystal (SC) materials, thin wall components, new cooling techniques). Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability, to ensure minimum life cycle cost. This paper will discuss some aspects of Siemens development and implementation of advanced technologies for repair and refurbishment. In particular, the following technologies used by Siemens will be addressed: • Weld restoration; • Braze restoration processes; • Coating; • Re-opening of cooling holes.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McGraw ◽  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Christian Ba¨hr ◽  
Mary Chiozza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Hot Gas

In order to promote high efficiency combined with high power output, reliability, and availability, Siemens advanced gas turbines are equipped with state-of-the-art turbine blades and hot gas path parts. These parts embody the latest developments in base materials (single crystal and directionally solidified), as well as complex cooling arrangements (round and shaped holes) and coating systems. A modern gas turbine blade (or other hot gas path part) is a duplex component consisting of base material and coating system. Planned recoating and repair intervals are established as part of the blade design. Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost-effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability. This paper gives an overview of the operating experience and key technologies used to repair these parts.

Salt in the Marine Environment and the Creation of a Standard Input for Gas Turbine Air Intake Filtration Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Recent Developments

Contaminants are ever-present in the air. Contaminated air entering a Gas Turbine will damage internal components and bring about a reduction in overall efficiency. The amount of contaminant entering a Gas Turbine, therefore, needs to be minimised. This paper describes recent developments in the understanding of one such contaminant, salt. It describes how salt is produced, how it varies climatically and how it varies from location to location and is presented here in the context of the author’s particular field of competence — air filtration system design. Salt ingestion by a Gas Turbine intake can cause corrosion and, given time, can accumulate on the compressor blades and reduce the aerodynamic efficiency. The removal of salt in the air is therefore of primary concern to all those involved in the design and operation of Gas Turbines. Salt removal systems are manufactured in various guises. The concept, however, remains the same — salt capture upstream of the Compressor stage. The drawback to this method of salt removal is that it results in a decrease in air pressure entering the Compressor and will consequently bring about a decrease in the overall system performance. As the requirement to remove more and more salt contaminant increases, the pressure drop across the method of filtration required to achieve this, increases. The responsibility of the Filtration Engineer is therefore to fully understand the requirements of the Gas Turbine, to understand the balance between pressure drop, salt removal and salt size and, consequently, to design an appropriate filtration system — one fit for purpose. Gas Turbines in the marine environment are generally found at heights less than 50m above sea level. It is this environment (the Marine Boundary Layer) which historically has been difficult to fully quantify. Herein lies the problem for those involved — if the environment is not fully understood how can the proper exploitation of the technologies be achieved? Recent developments, however, have led to a better understanding of salt in the Marine Boundary Layer. This paper describes these recent developments.

Development and Implementation of Repair Processes for Refurbishment of W501F, Row 1 Turbine Blades

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Curtis ◽  
Warren Miglietti ◽  
Michael Pelle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Repair Procedure ◽  
Crack Repair ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

In recent years, orders for new land-based gas turbines have skyrocketed, as the planning, construction and commissioning of new power plants based on combined-cycle technology advances at an unprecedented pace. It is estimated that 65–70% of these new equipment orders is for high-efficiency, advanced “F”, “G” or “H” class machines. The W501F/FC/FD gas turbine, an “F” class machine currently rated at 186.5 MW (simple cycle basis), has entered service in significant numbers. It is therefore of prime interest to owners/operators of this gas turbine to have sound component refurbishment capabilities available to support maintenance requirements. Processes to refurbish the Row 1 turbine blade, arguably the highest “frequency of replacement” component in the combustion and hot sections of the turbine, were recently developed. Procedures developed include removal of brazed tip plates, coating removal, rejuvenation heat treatment, full tip replacement utilizing electron beam (EB) and automated micro-plasma transferred arc (PTA), joining methods, proprietary platform crack repair and re-coating. This paper describes repair procedure development and implementation for each stage of the process, and documents the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the repaired regions of the component.

A Compact, High Efficiency, Self-Cleaning Air Filtration System for a Vehicular Gas Turbine Engine

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Murphy ◽  
Harry Camplin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Package Size ◽  
Self Cleaning

This paper describes the design and development of a innovative filtration system for a vehicular gas turbine engine that contains a high efficiency self-cleaning element and is integrated with the propulsion system for a tenfold increase in filter service interval, a 1/3 reduction in overall pressure loss and a 40 percent reduction in package size. The system consists of self-cleaning, rotating drum barrier filter surrounded by curved vortex tube precleaner panels and mounted directly to the engine inlet. A water tight external housing is provided to give the system the necessary deep water fording capability. The conceptual design is described as well as the detailed design of both precleaner element and the self-cleaning barrier filter. The full size prototype fabrication and testing is described to demonstrate operational integrity and cleanability.

scholarly journals Selection of the Most Advantageous Gas Turbine Air Filtration System: Comparative Study of Actual Operating Experience

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed I. Gilani ◽  
Musadaq Z. Mehr
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Clean System ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pulse Jet

This paper discusses relative merits of three types of air filtration systems used by Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Ltd. (Pakistan), on its gas turbine compressor packages. These Filtration systems are: (i) Two stage inertial plus auto oil bath type multi-duty filters by AAF used on Saturn Mark–I packages manufactured by Solar Turbines Inc. (ii) Three stage high efficiency barrier filters by AAF used on Centaur packages by Solar. (iii) Single stage pulse-jet self-cleaning filter by Donaldson again used on a Centaur package. The selection is primarily based on package performance data collected over a 15 month period analyzing power loss due to fouling effects and related operation and maintenance costs for the three systems. The Company’s operating experience indicates that on new installations the pulse clean system offers the best advantage both in terms of filtration costs as well as availability of additional horse power when operating under moderate to severe environmental conditions.

Strategy for Selecting Optimised Technologies for Gas Turbine Air Inlet Filtration Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Hiner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
The World ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Specific Challenge ◽  
Over Time

With continuous advances in gas turbine technology, wider breadth of fuel quality burnt and ever growing expectations of; longer life, higher efficiency and reduced maintenance requirements, the filtration of the air entering the gas turbine (GT) has never been more important to meeting its operational requirements. Gas turbines are used throughout the world in an ever increasing diversity of application and environment. This presents a number of challenges to the air filtration system, that require unique solutions for each subset of environment specific challenge, gas turbine platform technology and fuel quality being burnt. This paper discusses the importance of air filtration to a modern GT and how this has changed over time and it’s shifting operational requirements. It explores the challenges facing the air filtration system presented by the different; environments, GT technologies and fuel quality. The paper details what approaches and filtration technologies are currently used to address these challenges, with strengths and weaknesses explained as appropriate, to finally present a strategy for specifying an optimized filtration system to meet the challenges of the modern GT.

Experimental Evaluation of Compressor Blade Fouling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Grant Musgrove ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Blade Surface ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dust Retention

Fouling of compressor blades is an important mechanism leading to performance deterioration in gas turbines over time. Experimental and simulation data are available for the impact of specified amounts of fouling on performance, as well as the amount of foulants entering the engine for defined air filtration systems and ambient conditions. This study provides experimental data on the amount of foulants in the air that actually stick to a blade surface for different conditions of the blade surface. Quantitative results both indicate the amount of dust as well as the distribution of dust on the airfoil, for a dry airfoil, as well as airfoils that were wet from ingested water, as well as different types of oil. The retention patterns are correlated with the boundary layer shear stress. The tests show the higher dust retention from wet surfaces compared to dry surfaces. They also provide information about the behavior of the particles after they impact on the blade surface, showing that for a certain amount of wet film thickness, the shear forces actually wash the dust downstream, and off the airfoil. Further, the effect of particle agglomeration of particles to form larger clusters was observed, which would explain the disproportional impact of very small particles on boundary layer losses.

Development and Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Components for Ceramic Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Makino ◽  
Ken-Ichi Mizuno ◽  
Toru Shimamori
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Power Turbine

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has been developing various silicon nitride materials, and the technology for fabricating components for ceramic gas turbines (CGT) using theses materials. We are supplying silicon nitride material components for the project to develop 300 kW class CGT for co-generation in Japan. EC-152 was developed for components that require high strength at high temperature, such as turbine blades and turbine nozzles. In order to adapt the increasing of the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) up to 1,350 °C in accordance with the project goals, we developed two silicon nitride materials with further unproved properties: ST-1 and ST-2. ST-1 has a higher strength than EC-152 and is suitable for first stage turbine blades and power turbine blades. ST-2 has higher oxidation resistance than EC-152 and is suitable for power turbine nozzles. In this paper, we report on the properties of these materials, and present the results of evaluations of these materials when they are actually used for CGT components such as first stage turbine blades and power turbine nozzles.

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