Development of a Fuel Air Premixer for Aero-Derivative Dry Low Emissions Combustors

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra D. Joshi ◽  
Michael J. Epstein ◽  
Susan Durlak ◽  
Steven Marakovits ◽  
Paul E. Sabla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

An experimental program was conducted to develop premixer concepts for use in GE’s aero-derivative Marine and Industrial gas turbine engines such as the LM 1600, 2500 and 6000. These engines operate typically at pressure ratios up to 30:1. Extensive tests in 1 and 2 cup test combustors were carried out to evaluate the Double Annular Counter-Rotating Swirler (DACRS) premixers at test conditions representative of the above mentioned engines. These tests also help establish combustor design parameters. Single digit NOx emissions were measured at engine operating conditions with the DACRS II and III premixers. Premixer interactions and their effects on Lean Blow Out were also studied.

An Evaluation of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Integration of Inlet Conditioning Systems With Industrial Gas Turbine Engines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janel N. Nixon ◽  
Mark Waters ◽  
Dimitri Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

All industrial power systems are influenced by ambient parameters, and power plant output fluctuates significantly with changes in ambient conditions such as pressure, temperature, and humidity. The use of an inlet conditioning system is frequently proposed to lower the temperatures at the inlet of an industrial gas turbine engine, particularly in hot and arid regions. To evaluate such a system, a robust design methodology has been developed whereby ambient operating conditions and their impacts can be modeled easily and accurately. Ambient models are developed that are specific to a given locale and consider daily and annual variations in temperature and humidity. A robust design is one that has a high probability of meeting design goals, and at the same time, is insensitive to operational uncertainty. This paper addresses the possibility of enhancing the robustness of gas turbine engines by means of technology additions. The results of this study have been developed in part using the probabilistic analysis techniques developed at the Aerospace System Design Laboratory at Georgia Tech, and they demonstrate how differing ambient conditions can affect the decision to install an inlet conditioning system with the engine [1]. An industrial gas turbine power plant is modeled, and the ambient models are integrated with the engine model and used to predict the overall impact on power plant net revenue over a year-long period of operation. This is done at four specified locales each with widely different ambient characteristics.

scholarly journals Calculation of flow characteristics of liquid fuel supplied through pressure jet atomizers of small-sized gas turbine engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Gurakov ◽  
I. A. Zubrilin ◽  
M. Hernandez Morales ◽  
D. V. Yakushkin ◽  
A. A. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Semi Empirical

The paper presents the results of studying the flow characteristics of liquid fuel in pressure jet atomizers of small-sized gas turbine engines with nozzle diameters of 0.4-0.6 mm for various operating and design parameters. The study was carried out using experimental measurements, semi-empirical correlations and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) methods. The Euler approach, the volume- of- fluid (VOF) method, was used to model multiphase flows in CFD simulations. Good agreement was obtained between experimental and predicted data on the fuel coefficient and the primary spray cone angle at the nozzle outlet. Besides, the assessment of the applicability of semi-empirical techniques for the nozzle configurations under consideration is given. In the future, the flow characteristics in question (the nozzle flow rate, the fuel film thickness, and the primary spray cone angle) can be used to determine the mean diameter of the droplets (SMD) required to fully determine the boundary conditions of fuel injection when modeling combustion processes in combustion chambers of small-sized gas turbine engines.

Experimental Assessment of the Emissions Benefits of a Ceramic Gas Turbine Combustor

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Smith ◽  
A. Fahme
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustor Liner

Three subscale, cylindrical combustors were rig tested on natural gas at typical industrial gas turbine operating conditions. The intent of the testing was to determine the effect of combustor liner cooling on NOx and CO emissions. In order of decreasing liner cooling, a metal louvre-cooled combustor, a metal effusion-cooled combustor, and a backside-cooled ceramic (CFCC) combustor were evaluated. The three combustors were tested using the same lean-premixed fuel injector. Testing showed that reduced liner cooling produced lower CO emissions as reaction quenching near the liner wall was reduced. A reduction in CO emissions allows a reoptimization of the combustor air flow distribution to yield lower NOx emissions.

Fuel Interchangeability for Lean Premixed Combustion in Gas Turbine Engines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Ferguson ◽  
Geo. A. Richard ◽  
Doug Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Rijke Tube ◽  
Fuel Blends

In response to environmental concerns of NOx emissions, gas turbine manufacturers have developed engines that operate under lean, pre-mixed fuel and air conditions. While this has proven to reduce NOx emissions by lowering peak flame temperatures, it is not without its limitations as engines utilizing this technology are more susceptible to combustion dynamics. Although dependent on a number of mechanisms, changes in fuel composition can alter the dynamic response of a given combustion system. This is of particular interest as increases in demand of domestic natural gas have fueled efforts to utilize alternatives such as coal derived syngas, imported liquefied natural gas and hydrogen or hydrogen augmented fuels. However, prior to changing the fuel supply end-users need to understand how their system will respond. A variety of historical parameters have been utilized to determine fuel interchangeability such as Wobbe and Weaver Indices, however these parameters were never optimized for today’s engines operating under lean pre-mixed combustion. This paper provides a discussion of currently available parameters to describe fuel interchangeability. Through the analysis of the dynamic response of a lab-scale Rijke tube combustor operating on various fuel blends, it is shown that commonly used indices are inadequate for describing combustion specific phenomena.

Design Study of an Advanced Concept Simple Gas Turbine for Possible Use in Low Emission Automobiles

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Eatock ◽  
M. D. Stoten
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
High Pressure Ratio

United Aircraft Corporation studied the potential costs of various possible gas turbine engines which might be used to reduce automobile exhaust emissions. As part of that study, United Aircraft of Canada undertook the preliminary design and performance analysis of high-pressure-ratio nonregenerated (simple cycle) gas turbine engines. For the first time, high levels of single-stage component efficiency are available extending from a pressure ratio less than 4 up to 10 or 12 to 1. As a result, the study showed that the simple-cycle engine may provide satisfactory running costs with significantly lower manufacturing costs and NOx emissions than a regenerated engine. In this paper some features of the preliminary design of both single-shaft and a free power turbine version of this engine are examined. The major component technology assumptions, in particular the high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, employed for performance extrapolation are explained and compared with current technology. The potential low NOx emissions of the simple-cycle gas turbine compared to regenerative or recuperative gas turbines is discussed. Finally, some of the problems which might be encountered in using this totally different power plant for the conventional automobile are identified.

Updating the ANSI Standard on Measurement of Exhaust Emissions

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Vaught
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Selection Of

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) required that the source testing Standard on Measurement of Exhaust Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbine Engines, B133.9, be brought up to date with today’s regulatory requirements and best measurement technology. The criteria for the design of the Standard along with its content and format are discussed. The selection of measurement methods for gaseous components, smoke, and particulates emitted by present day emission controlled industrial gas turbine engines is presented.

Numerical Investigations of NOx Emissions of a Partially Premixed Burner for Natural Gas Operations in Industrial Gas Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Innocenti ◽  
Antonio Andreini ◽  
Andrea Giusti ◽  
Bruno Facchini ◽  
Matteo Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbulent Combustion ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

In the present paper a numerical analysis of a low NOx partially premixed burner for industrial gas turbine applications is presented. The first part of the work is focused on the study of the premixing process inside the burner. Standard RANS CFD approach was used: k–ε turbulence model was modified and calibrated in order to find a configuration able to fit available experimental profiles of fuel/air concentration at the exit of the burner. The resulting profiles at different test points have been used to perform reactive simulations of an experimental test rig, where exhaust NOx emissions were measured. An assessment of the turbulent combustion model was carried out with a critical investigation of the expected turbulent combustion regimes in the system and taking into account the partially premixed nature of the flame due to the presence of diffusion type pilot flames. A reliable numerical setup was discovered by comparing predicted and measured NOx emissions at different operating conditions and at different split ratio between main and pilot fuel. In the investigated range, the influence of the premixer in the NOx formation rate was found to be marginal if compared with the pilot flame one. The calibrated numerical setup was then employed to explore possible modifications to fuel injection criteria and fuel split, with the aim of minimizing exhaust NOx emissions. This preliminary numerical screening of alternative fuel injection strategies allowed to define a set of advanced configurations to be investigated in future experimental tests.

scholarly journals Generalized High Speed Simulation of Gas Turbine Engines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanahisa Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
High Degree

This paper describes a real-time or faster-than-real-time simulation of gas turbine engines, using an ultra high speed, multi-processor digital computer, designated the AD100. It is shown that the frame time is reduced significantly without any loss of fidelity of a simulation. The simulation program is aimed at a high degree of flexibility to allow changes in engine configuration. This makes it possible to simulate various types of gas turbine engines, including jet engines, gas turbines for vehicles and power plants, in real-time. Some simulation results for an intercooled-reheat type industrial gas turbine are shown.

Fuel Flexibility in LM2500 and LM6000 Dry Low Emission Engines

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Blouch ◽  
Hejie Li ◽  
Mark Mueller ◽  
Richard Hook
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Kinetics Analysis ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Commercial Operation

The LM2500 and LM6000 dry-low-emissions aeroderivative gas turbine engines have been in commercial service for 15 years and have accumulated nearly 10 × 106 hours of commercial operation. The majority of these engines utilize pipeline quality natural gas predominantly comprised of methane. There is; however, increasing interest in nonstandard fuels that contain varying levels of higher hydrocarbon species and/or inert gases. This paper reports on the demonstrated operability of LM2500 and LM6000 DLE engines with nonstandard fuels. In particular, rig tests at engine conditions were performed to demonstrate the robustness of the dual-annular counter-rotating swirlers premixer design, relative to flameholding with fuels containing high ethane, propane, and N2 concentrations. These experiments, which test the ability of the hardware to shed a flame introduced into the premixing region, have been used to expand the quoting limits for LM2500 and LM6000 gas turbine engines to elevated C2+ levels. In addition, chemical kinetics analysis was performed to understand the effect of temperature, pressure, and fuel compositions on flameholding. Test data for different fuels and operating conditions were successfully correlated with Damkohler number.

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