Micro and Extended-Nano Fluidics on Microchip for Chemistry and Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiko Kitamori
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Vacuum Tubes

The world first calculator was consisted of 17,000 vacuum tubes and huge in size. But now, a laptop computer is much smaller and superior in performance due to the invention of IC in place of vacuum tubes. The micro chemical chips which integrate the functions of chemical operations on microchips have enabled chemical instruments and chemical plants to be miniaturized. For this purpose, we have brought the same concept of IC into the chemical instruments. In place of resistor, capacitor, and diode in IC, mixing, extraction, phase separation, and other unit operation of chemical processes are integrated onto a glass or plastic microchips (Figure 1). These unit operations in a microchip are named as micro unit operations, MUO. These MUO can be combined each others so freely, and a chemical process can be constructed like a electronic circuit (Figure 2). This micro chemical systems is named as continuous flow chemical processing, CFCP.

Bioseparations Science and Engineering

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Harrison ◽  
Paul W. Todd ◽  
Scott R. Rudge ◽  
Demetri P. Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
General Application ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Consistent Method

Designed for undergraduates, graduate students, and industry practitioners, Bioseparations Science and Engineering fills a critical need in the field of bioseparations. Current, comprehensive, and concise, it covers bioseparations unit operations in unprecedented depth. In each of the chapters, the authors use a consistent method of explaining unit operations, starting with a qualitative description noting the significance and general application of the unit operation. They then illustrate the scientific application of the operation, develop the required mathematical theory, and finally, describe the applications of the theory in engineering practice, with an emphasis on design and scaleup. Unique to this text is a chapter dedicated to bioseparations process design and economics, in which a process simular, SuperPro Designer® is used to analyze and evaluate the production of three important biological products. New to this second edition are updated discussions of moment analysis, computer simulation, membrane chromatography, and evaporation, among others, as well as revised problem sets. Unique features include basic information about bioproducts and engineering analysis and a chapter with bioseparations laboratory exercises. Bioseparations Science and Engineering is ideal for students and professionals working in or studying bioseparations, and is the premier text in the field.

Computational Exploration of Functional Nanoscale Carbonaceous Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Sereda ◽  
Md Tusar Uddin ◽  
Jacob Wente
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Era ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Computational Exploration ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Computational Research

Background: The unique ability of carbon to form a wide variety of allotrope modifications has ushered a new era in the material science. Tuning the properties of these materials by functionalization is a must-have tool for their design customized for a specific practical use. The exponentially growing computational power available to researchers allows for the prediction and thorough understanding of the underlying physico-chemical processes responsible for the practical properties of pristine and modified carbons using the methods of quantum chemistry. Method: This review focuses on the computational assessment of the influence of functionalization on the properties of carbons and enabling desired practical properties of the new materials. The first section of each part of this review focuses on graphene - nearly planar units built from sp2-carbons. The second section discusses patterns of sp2-carbons rolled-up into curved 3D-structures in a variety of ways (fullerenes). The overview of other types of carbonaceous materials including those with a high abundance of sp3-carbons, including nanodiamonds, can be found in the third section of each manuscript’s part. Conclusion: The computational methods are especially critical for predicting electronic properties of materials such as the band gap, conductivity, optical and photoelectronic properties, solubility, adsorptivity, potential for catalysis, sensing, imaging and biomedical applications. We expect that introduction of defects to carbonaceous materials as a type of their functionalization will be a point of growth in this area of computational research.

scholarly journals An Overview of Difficulties in Controlling Intensified Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Reza Barzin ◽  
Syamsul Rizal Abd Shukor ◽  
Abdul Latif Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Production Objectives

Process intensification (PI) is currently one of the most significant trends in chemical engineering and process technology. PI is a strategy of making dramatic reductions in the size of unit operations within chemical plants, in order to achieve production objectives. PI technology is able to change dramatically the whole chemical engineering industry pathway to a faster, cleaner and safer industry. Nonetheless, PI technology will be handicapped if such system is not properly controlled. There are some foreseeable problems in order to control such processes for instance, dynamic interaction between components that make up a control loop, response time of the instrumentations, availability of proper sensor and etc. This paper offers an overview and discussion on identifying potential problems of controlling intensified systems.

scholarly journals Design standardization of unit operations for reducing the capital intensity and cost of small‐scale chemical processes

AIChE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Arora ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Manali S. Zantye ◽  
M. M. Faruque Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unit Operations

scholarly journals Development of Small-Scale Experiments for the Education of Chemical Engineering and Its Practice for Undergraduates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Katayama ◽  
Risa Ichinohe ◽  
Yuki Konno ◽  
Woon Yong Sohn ◽  
Shota Kuwahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Educational Experiment

A series of small-scale/micro-scale experiments used for the education of undergraduate students in chemical engineering courses have been developed. Based on the “small-scale/micro-scale” concept, the experiments were developed to provide an intuitive understanding of chemical processes, both by increasing the visibility of these chemical processes and by making the apparatus compact (desktop size). Nine experiments were developed that are relevant to the fields of thermal engineering, fluid engineering, unit operations, and reaction engineering. These experiments were introduced during the educational experiment course for undergraduates in the chemical engineering program.

scholarly journals Industrial Automation in Unit Operations Labs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Apostolou ◽  
Ishwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Set Up

Chemical engineering unit operation labsdo an excellent job of integrating the whole curriculumand exposing students to pilot-scale systems. Where theyare often lacking, though, is the exposure to and use ofreal-life industrial automation by the future graduates. Aunit operation lab that has been automated usingindustrial level paradigms and equipment is the focus ofthis paper. A partnership with a global automationmanufacturer (Emerson) was established and the lab wasretrofitted using industrial sensors and actuators, aDistributed Control System (DeltaV DCS), industrialnetworks (FOUNDATION Fieldbus and AS-i), HumanMachine Interface (HMI) screens, and systemredundancy. The details of the automation along with itsuse through the lab curriculum will be discussed. Thiscross-curricular approach benefits students as, throughthe regular unit operation labs, they become familiar withkey elements of an automated set-up, understand the needfor it and its limitations, see control loops in action,communicate to the units through the HMI, and use theHMI to recover historical data on the processes. The labis a meso-scale of a processing facility and preparesstudents for field work after graduation. At the sametime, the traditional exposure to “manually operated”sensors and final elements is maintained as some of theunits have not been converted to fully automated systems

scholarly journals Story beats in videogames as value-driven choice-based unit operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (38) ◽  
pp. 5-31
Author(s):  
Michał Mochocki ◽  
Raine Koskimaa
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Action Unit ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Cognitive Narratology ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Game Design Patterns

We present a framework of story beats, defined as microunits of dramatic action, as a tool for the ludonarrative analysis of videogames. First, we explain the Goal - Action - Reaction - Outcome model of the story beat. Then, we present six types of story beats, Action, Interaction, Inaction, Mental, Emotion, and Sensory, providing videogame examples for each category. In the second half of the paper, we contextualise this framework in the classic game studies theory of videogame narrative and player action: unit operations, gamic action, anatomy of choice, and game design patterns, wrapping it up in the most recent trends in cognitive narratology. Ultimately, we present the story beat as a ludonarrative unit, working simultaneously as a ‘unit operation’ in the study of games as systems, and as a microunit of character action in narrative analysis. The conclusion outlines prospective directions for using story beats in formal, experiential, and cultural game research.

scholarly journals A Novel Framework to Aid the Development of Design Space across Multi-Unit Operation Pharmaceutical Processes—A Case Study of Panax Notoginseng Saponins Immediate Release Tablet

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Sun ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Shengyun Dai ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhaozhou Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Panax Notoginseng Saponins ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Release Tablet

The fundamental principle of Quality by Design (QbD) is that the product quality should be designed into the process through an upstream approach, rather than be tested in the downstream. The keystone of QbD is process modeling, and thus, to develop a process control strategy based on the development of design space. Multivariate statistical analysis is a very useful tool to support the implementation of QbD in pharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. Nowadays, pharmaceutical process modeling is mainly focused on one-unit operations and system modeling for the development of design space across multi-unit operations is still limited. In this study, a general procedure that gives a holistic view for understanding and controlling the process settings for the entire manufacturing process was investigated. The proposed framework was tested on the Panax Notoginseng Saponins immediate release tablet (PNS IRT) production process. The critical variables and the critical units acting on the process were identified according to the importance of explaining the variability in the multi-block partial least squares path model. This improved understanding of the process by illustrating how the properties of the raw materials, the process parameters in the wet granulation and the compaction and the intermediate properties affect the tablet properties. Furthermore, the design space was developed to compensate for the variability source from the upstream. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework was an important tool to gain understanding and control the multi-unit operation process.

scholarly journals Computational design of heterogeneous catalysts and gas separation materials for advanced chemical processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiwei Shi ◽  
Teng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computational Screening

Abstract Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality. Considering their significant effects, systematic methods for the optimal selection and design of materials are essential. The conventional synthesis-and-test method for materials development is inefficient and costly. Additionally, the performance of the resulting materials is usually limited by the designer’s expertise. During the past few decades, computational methods have been significantly developed and they now become a very important tool for the optimal design of functional materials for various chemical processes. This article selectively focuses on two important process functional materials, namely heterogeneous catalyst and gas separation agent. Theoretical methods and representative works for computational screening and design of these materials are reviewed.

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