Characteristic Motion Signatures Derived From the Theken eDisc Under Multi-Axial Loading

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Price ◽  
Brian E. Rich ◽  
Christopher P. Cole ◽  
Richard R. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Disc Arthroplasty ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Improve Patient

The motions and loads experienced by the human spine are complex and have been the subject of much study over the years. The emerging field of intervertebral disc arthroplasty offers products that must function within this complex loading environment over long periods of time. So called “first generation” intervertebral disc designs accomplish this through one or more articulating surfaces. Second generation artificial discs attempt to mimic the multi-axial disc motion and stiffness exhibited by the natural human disc. The eDisc not only provides this type of viscoelastic motion, but also provides the first capability to sense loads and motions to improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-508
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The review focuses on the processing, stimulation, and audiological methods that have been used to try to improve speech perception by human CI listeners, and on fundamental new insights in the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise reduction and pre-processing algorithms has produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focusing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) deactivation of subsets of electrodes have produced more modest improvements. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of promising technologies that are currently being developed in animal models, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

Current Situation of Design Criteria for Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epifanio Vargas-Alcaraz ◽  
Adrián Espinosa-Bautista ◽  
Marcelo López-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Disc Prosthesis ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis ◽  
Prosthesis Replacement ◽  
Spine Mobility

This paper presents the literature review on the design criteria for intervertebral disc prosthesis. The design criteria relate to the design features that intervertebral prosthesis must accomplish (i.e. fixation to bones, spine mobility, energy absorption and etcetera). The need to improve the performance has led to changes in the features which reflect in the current design criteria. Currently, the disc prosthesis technology is experiencing a generational change. The first generation was thoroughly studied while the second generation is in the clinical tests stage. During the time the first generation prostheses were applied in patients there was not a clear trend in the clinical results which produced a lack of trust and reliability in the performance of the disc prosthesis. The changes in the design features of one generation compared to the next generation are based in the deepening in the knowledge of the problem and the results obtained with the first generation prostheses. Some design criteria were identified for the first generation. These criteria were not completely characterized since there was not enough information to be used by the designer. This lack of characterization of most design criteria produced many different versions without a clear focus which help to define the basic design features of disc prostheses. This document presents the necessary information to thoroughly characterize the design criteria outlining the missing information for the design criteria found. An analysis is done of the design criteria in the second generation of prosthesis. Finally if the information contained in the design criteria is enough, the clinical results would be better focused to achieve a more repeatable, reproducible and reliable process for a total disc intervertebral prosthesis replacement as now is considered the vertebral fusion, this is a gold standard.

scholarly journals Identity and belonging formations of second generation Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Maria Ferreira Trindale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Subject

My paper investigates eight second generation Portuguese from the ages of 18 to 30, across the GTA, and attempts to explore how second generation Portuguese negotiate their identity and sense of belonging in an ever-changing social environment. While there is extensive literature on the settlement experiences of the first generation Portuguese, there is mininmal information on how second generation Portuguese have integrated within the Canadian mainstream. Therfore, this analysis aims to follow the contours of negotiation among the second generation Portuguese, paying particular attention to the formation of identity and constructions of belonging. In addition, this research will seek to answer on mininmal level, other questions on the subject. For instance, how are Portuguese Canadians forming and reforming their ethnic identity? What cost and benefits are involved in belonging/not belonging to groups? How do people maintain individuality within groups?Children of immigrants

Four generations of nuclear physicists

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Industrial Societies

TO review the course of nuclear physics over many decades of time in the space of an hour’s talk and yet leave time for predicting its future requires a rather impressionistic technique in the presentation. I have chosen as my time markers the human generations which, as I hope you will see, also mark distinct phases in the development of the subject. Conventionally, a generation spans twenty-five years; hence a hundred years covers four generations. The first generation was that of Rutherford and Bohr, followed in the second generation by Heisenberg, Pauli, Blackett, Fermi and their contemporaries, many of whom are here today. The third generation is represented by the nuclear physicists of my own age and finally the fourth generation are those young physicists, now about 25 years old, on whom the development of this subject will depend in the next twenty-five years. I will try to trace through these generations four main themes each of which, in different ways, affects the future of nuclear physics. Firstly, and most importantly, the progress of the research itself; secondly, the development of the research apparatus; thirdly, the evolution of the organization of the research and lastly, the relationships between nuclear physics and the industrial societies which support it.

scholarly journals Cochlear implant research and development in the 21st century: A critical update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise-reduction and pre-processing algorithms have produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Improvements from novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focussing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) de-activation of subsets of electrodes have been identified but have been more modest. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of revolutionary technologies, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY IN THE PRODUCTION OF SECOND GENERATION ALCOHOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. e1643
Author(s):  
Beatriz Beca Figueiredo ◽  
Francisco Ignácio Giocondo César
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The Subject

The use of biofuels, such as ethanol, is seen as a viable alternative, due to the growing need for alternative clean energy sources, research on the subject has been intensified, especially when it comes to fuels, the search for a reduction in energy consumption. The rate of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, therefore, makes it necessary to replace fossil fuels with clean and renewable fuels. The 2nd. Generation (E2G), compared to 1st Ethanol. Generation (E1G), has shown significant environmental and social gains, as it is produced from waste, uses less natural resources and energy. Within this context, this work aims to analyze the efficiency and economic viability of the production of second generation alcohol – E2G. Based on an exploratory bibliographic research, in the following databases, academic google and web of Science, in articles published on the topic discussed here, from 2010 onwards. second-generation alcohol with first-generation alcohol, to discover its economic viability and production efficiency.

scholarly journals Identity and belonging formations of second generation Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Maria Ferreira Trindale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Subject

My paper investigates eight second generation Portuguese from the ages of 18 to 30, across the GTA, and attempts to explore how second generation Portuguese negotiate their identity and sense of belonging in an ever-changing social environment. While there is extensive literature on the settlement experiences of the first generation Portuguese, there is mininmal information on how second generation Portuguese have integrated within the Canadian mainstream. Therfore, this analysis aims to follow the contours of negotiation among the second generation Portuguese, paying particular attention to the formation of identity and constructions of belonging. In addition, this research will seek to answer on mininmal level, other questions on the subject. For instance, how are Portuguese Canadians forming and reforming their ethnic identity? What cost and benefits are involved in belonging/not belonging to groups? How do people maintain individuality within groups?Children of immigrants

Knowledge and attitude towards identification and management of sepsis among resident physicians in tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ainan Arshad ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Ayaz ◽  
Syed Maaz Salahuddin ◽  
Bushra Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Improve Patient

We conducted this study to determine the compliance and knowledge of sepsis guidelines among resident physicians in tertiary care hospital of developing country. A self-structured validated questionnaire was prepared to evaluate compliance and knowledge of the SSC guidelines. A total of 76 resident physicians completed the questionnaire; 51 (67%) were Internal Medicine Residents and 25 (33%) were Emergency Medicine residents of Aga Khan University Hospital. 93% of the participants claimed to be aware of the SSC guidelines but only 26% considered themselves very knowledgeable on the subject. Less than half of them confessed to using the guidelines regularly. We concluded that the overall knowledge and compliance of sepsis guidelines was suboptimal. This highlights the need for increased awareness and teaching of sepsis and SSC guidelines to improve patient outcomes in developing countries. Keywords: Sepsis knowledge; health education, Continuous...

Combined Approaches to the Skull Base for Intracranial Extension of Tumors via Perineural Spread can Improve Patient Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Palejwala ◽  
Jonnae Barry ◽  
Crystal Rodriguez ◽  
Chandni Parikh ◽  
Stephen Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Perineural Spread ◽  
Improve Patient
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