scholarly journals Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-508
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The review focuses on the processing, stimulation, and audiological methods that have been used to try to improve speech perception by human CI listeners, and on fundamental new insights in the response of the auditory system to electrical stimulation. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise reduction and pre-processing algorithms has produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focusing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) deactivation of subsets of electrodes have produced more modest improvements. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of promising technologies that are currently being developed in animal models, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

scholarly journals Cochlear implant research and development in the 21st century: A critical update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Tobias Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Improve Patient

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the world’s most successful sensory prosthesis and have been the subject of intense research and development in recent decades. We critically review the progress in CI research, and its success in improving patient outcomes, from the turn of the century to the present day. The introduction of directional microphones and of new noise-reduction and pre-processing algorithms have produced robust and sometimes substantial improvements. Improvements from novel speech-processing algorithms, the use of current-focussing methods, and individualised (patient-by-patient) de-activation of subsets of electrodes have been identified but have been more modest. We argue that incremental advances have and will continue to be made, that collectively these may substantially improve patient outcomes, but that the modest size of each individual advance will require greater attention to experimental design and power. We also briefly discuss the potential and limitations of revolutionary technologies, and suggest strategies for researchers to collectively maximise the potential of CIs to improve hearing in a wide range of listening situations.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence–Aided Precision Medicine for COVID-19: Strategic Areas of Research and Development (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Santus ◽  
Nicola Marino ◽  
Davide Cirillo ◽  
Emmanuele Chersoni ◽  
Arnau Montagud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Improve Patient

UNSTRUCTURED Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can play a key role in preventing, detecting, and monitoring epidemics. In this paper, we provide an overview of the recently published literature on the COVID-19 pandemic in four strategic areas: (1) triage, diagnosis, and risk prediction; (2) drug repurposing and development; (3) pharmacogenomics and vaccines; and (4) mining of the medical literature. We highlight how AI-powered health care can enable public health systems to efficiently handle future outbreaks and improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence–Aided Precision Medicine for COVID-19: Strategic Areas of Research and Development

10.2196/22453 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. e22453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Santus ◽  
Nicola Marino ◽  
Davide Cirillo ◽  
Emmanuele Chersoni ◽  
Arnau Montagud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Improve Patient

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can play a key role in preventing, detecting, and monitoring epidemics. In this paper, we provide an overview of the recently published literature on the COVID-19 pandemic in four strategic areas: (1) triage, diagnosis, and risk prediction; (2) drug repurposing and development; (3) pharmacogenomics and vaccines; and (4) mining of the medical literature. We highlight how AI-powered health care can enable public health systems to efficiently handle future outbreaks and improve patient outcomes.

Inscribing God’s Word

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-254
Author(s):  
Sheila S. Blair
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Layout Technique ◽  
The Way ◽  
Formal Features

Since the first century of Islam, Muslims have inscribed Qur’anic verses and phrases on buildings and other objects made for a wide range of purposes. This chapter addresses these inscriptions. An introductory section lays out the scope and limitations, the historiography of the subject, and some of the directions research has taken and might take. A second section surveys the ways that these Qur’anic texts have been used, showing both how Muslims considered the Revelation and how they cited it. A third section deals with layout, technique, and style, investigating how these formal features enhanced the message. Along the way, the chapter also points out directions in which such Qur’anic inscriptions might be profitably studied in these and other ways.

Characteristic Motion Signatures Derived From the Theken eDisc Under Multi-Axial Loading

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Price ◽  
Brian E. Rich ◽  
Christopher P. Cole ◽  
Richard R. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Disc Arthroplasty ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Improve Patient

The motions and loads experienced by the human spine are complex and have been the subject of much study over the years. The emerging field of intervertebral disc arthroplasty offers products that must function within this complex loading environment over long periods of time. So called “first generation” intervertebral disc designs accomplish this through one or more articulating surfaces. Second generation artificial discs attempt to mimic the multi-axial disc motion and stiffness exhibited by the natural human disc. The eDisc not only provides this type of viscoelastic motion, but also provides the first capability to sense loads and motions to improve patient outcomes.

Knowledge and attitude towards identification and management of sepsis among resident physicians in tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ainan Arshad ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Ayaz ◽  
Syed Maaz Salahuddin ◽  
Bushra Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Improve Patient

We conducted this study to determine the compliance and knowledge of sepsis guidelines among resident physicians in tertiary care hospital of developing country. A self-structured validated questionnaire was prepared to evaluate compliance and knowledge of the SSC guidelines. A total of 76 resident physicians completed the questionnaire; 51 (67%) were Internal Medicine Residents and 25 (33%) were Emergency Medicine residents of Aga Khan University Hospital. 93% of the participants claimed to be aware of the SSC guidelines but only 26% considered themselves very knowledgeable on the subject. Less than half of them confessed to using the guidelines regularly. We concluded that the overall knowledge and compliance of sepsis guidelines was suboptimal. This highlights the need for increased awareness and teaching of sepsis and SSC guidelines to improve patient outcomes in developing countries. Keywords: Sepsis knowledge; health education, Continuous...

scholarly journals Learners and Luddites in the Twenty-first Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Martinelli ◽  
Robert S. Isaak ◽  
Randall M. Schell ◽  
John D. Mitchell ◽  
Matthew D. McEvoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
Spaced Learning ◽  
Cognitive Aids ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Anesthesiologists are both teachers and learners and alternate between these roles throughout their careers. However, few anesthesiologists have formal training in the methodologies and theories of education. Many anesthesiology educators often teach as they were taught and may not be taking advantage of current evidence in education to guide and optimize the way they teach and learn. This review describes the most up-to-date evidence in education for teaching knowledge, procedural skills, and professionalism. Methods such as active learning, spaced learning, interleaving, retrieval practice, e-learning, experiential learning, and the use of cognitive aids will be described. We made an effort to illustrate the best available evidence supporting educational practices while recognizing the inherent challenges in medical education research. Similar to implementing evidence in clinical practice in an attempt to improve patient outcomes, implementing an evidence-based approach to anesthesiology education may improve learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Anticancer Activity of "Ziziphus jujuba" - A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
U. Vidhya Rekha ◽  
S. Bhuminathan ◽  
P. Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Z. jujube) is a conventional plant that has a long history of usage in nutrients and the therapeutic interventions of a wide range of ailments. It grows mainly in South and East Asia, and also in Australia and Europe. Mounting data supports the health advantages of Z. jujuba, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and hepato- and gastrointestinal protective characteristics. Chemotherapy, particularly with cis-diamminedichloroplatinium (CDDP, cisplatin) and its derivatives, is commonly used to treat cancer. Although it is an effective therapy for human tumors, drug resistance impedes successful treatment. A better knowledge of the processes and develop strategies to address chemoresistance can improve patient outcomes dramatically. Numerous researchers have recently focused their attention on the increasing occurrence of numerous types of malignancies worldwide. The anticancer efficacy of Z. jujuba was discussed in this review study.

Combined Approaches to the Skull Base for Intracranial Extension of Tumors via Perineural Spread can Improve Patient Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Palejwala ◽  
Jonnae Barry ◽  
Crystal Rodriguez ◽  
Chandni Parikh ◽  
Stephen Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Perineural Spread ◽  
Improve Patient

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

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