The Food Outlook: A World Imperative

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Extension Education ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Many

Population has proved its propensity to grow faster than its food supply until a balance is reached at the Asiatic level of subsistence. The less-developed countries continue in nutritional crisis largely because of inadequate application of food production technology and the resource requirements imposed by child dependency. Developed countries show much more promise of avoiding this tragedy through management of resources and populations. Increases are essential in research, teaching and extension education in the many competencies comprising the technologies of food production and public health if food supply is to gain on population. Mechanical engineers must lead if that technology is to be applied through mechanization to bring about desired increases in the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the food industry, so people may heed their nutritional history and not relive it. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Bio-based textile processing through the application of enzymes for environmental sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Dieu Hack-Polay ◽  
Md Morsaline Billah ◽  
Md Noor Un Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Textile Industries

Textile industries contribute significantly to the economy of many developing countries. Every year, these countries export millions of dollars’ worth of textile products to developed countries. However, textile industries use expensive and corrosive chemicals that pose a significant threat to environmental quality and public health. This has led to serious concerns and necessitated the inclusion of safer and environmentally friendly alternatives. Consequently, bio-based processing has created a new approach utilizing biotechnological advances. This article uses evidence from the scientific literature to examine the application of industrial biotechnology in textile-processing industries, which includes enzymes, as a sustainable alternative to the harsh toxic chemicals currently used in textile processing. The article draws on evidence that enzymes offer a competitive advantage over chemicals with less resource requirements (energy and water), reduced emission and less waste. Due to high specificity, enzymes produce minimum byproducts. The implementation of enzymes in textile processing could offer environmental benefits, and improve public health and the sustainability of textiles and apparel. This article contributes to critical awareness by providing succinct information about major enzymes used in textile processes to improve the performance of textile materials, thus contributing to changes in behaviours and attitudes towards textile processing and environmental sustainability. This can assist textile manufacturers and governments in the developing world in campaigns to promote biotechnologies for environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Economic Energy Efficiency of Food Production Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5826
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
High Level

The current global population growth forecast carries with it a global increase in demand for food. In order to meet this demand, it is necessary to increase production, which requires an increase in energy consumption. However, forecasted energy production growth is insufficient and traditional sources of energy are limited; hence, it is necessary to strive for greater energy efficiency in food production systems. The study aimed to compare the economic energy efficiency of food production systems in selected countries and identify the sources of diversification in this field. As a measure of energy efficiency, the indicators of the energy intensity of food production were used in this study. To calculate these indicators, a method based on input-output life-cycle assessment assumptions was used, which enables researchers to obtain fully comparable results between countries. The study showed that despite an increase in energy consumption in the food production systems of the analyzed countries by an average of 27%, from 19.3 EJ to 24.5 EJ, from 2000 to 2014, their energy intensity decreased, on average, by more than 18%, from 8.5 MJ/USD to 6.9 MJ/USD. This means that energy efficiency improvements are possible even under conditions of increased energy consumption, which in turn, means that food production can increase significantly. In the case of developed countries, the main inefficiencies are found in agricultural production, while in developing countries, they are observed in the food industry. Decision-makers should also pay attention to the high level of energy intensity that results from the supply of inputs to agriculture and the food industry because there is great potential for the improvement of energy efficiency in this field, especially because energy consumption associated with supply constitutes a major part of total consumption in the food production systems of developed countries.

scholarly journals Traceability Systems and Technologies for Better Food Supply Chain Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Samo Kumperščak ◽  
Mihael Medved ◽  
Melanie Terglav ◽  
Aleksandra Wrzalik ◽  
Matevž Obrecht
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Potential Public Health

Abstract Billions of people in the world are at risk of getting unsafe food. There is an urgent need to improve efficiency and effectiveness of food supply chains. The global population is expected to reach at least 9 billion by the year 2050, requiring up to 70% more food than nowadays and demanding food production and distribution to become much more sustainable. Today, food safety is a worldwide concern due to a number of food safety scandals. As supply chains become more globalized and complex, the ability to track and trace products from fork to farm becomes more difficult but remains equally important. Good traceability may minimize the production and distribution of unsafe or poor quality products. It allows targeting the product affected by a food safety problem, minimizing disruption to trade and any potential public health risks. The objective of this paper is therefore to conduct a comprehensive analysis of traceability methods and technologies in food supply chains.

Intentional Food Contamination in the Food Supply Chain

2016 ◽  
pp. 56-78
Author(s):  
Ramón Navarrete Reynoso ◽  
Cecilia Ramos-Estrada ◽  
Omar J. Purata
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Management System ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Control And Prevention

As globalization increases, supply chains are becoming increasingly complex and vulnerable, making the management of their security an important part of corporate management. The need to adopt control and prevention measures that allow for guaranteeing security in international commercial operations is essential to prevent becoming a target of these threats. Some of these threats are terrorism, piracy and theft. Within the food industry, food terrorism has gained relevance due to the extreme consequences it may have on both public health and the market. Food terrorism refers to the intentional contamination of food in any link of the supply chain, which covers everything from production to consumption. This chapter deals with the problems of food terrorism and makes a proposal that allows to establish a management system to prevent intentional food contamination in the supply chain through managing risks and improving security in the supply chain on this aspect.

Applications of CRISPR Technologies Across the Food Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Brandt ◽  
Rodolphe Barrangou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Cas Proteins

The food industry faces a 2050 deadline for the advancement and expansion of the food supply chain to support the world's growing population. Improvements are needed across crops, livestock, and microbes to achieve this goal. Since 2005, researchers have been attempting to make the necessary strides to reach this milestone, but attempts have fallen short. With the introduction of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, the food production field is now able to achieve some of its most exciting advancements since the Green Revolution. This review introduces the concept of applying CRISPR-Cas technology as a genome-editing tool for use in the food supply chain, focusing on its implementation to date in crop, livestock, and microbe production, advancement of products to market, and regulatory and societal hurdles that need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Feeding the World in a Time of Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Gary W. van Loon ◽  
Atanu Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Maintaining a plentiful and high-quality food supply is essential to enable humans to survive and flourish in the coming decades. In 2019/20, an estimated 2.71 Gt of food grains have been produced worldwide. This fundamental food source is alone enough to supply sufficient nutritional kilocalories for the entire current global population. And nutrition is supplemented by the many other crops, livestock and sea food that are part of the overall food system. Yet, in the same year, it is estimated that around 821 million people, more than one tenth of the 7.6 billion people in the world were chronically hungry. There are many reasons for this. Waste—the FAO estimates that around one third of food produced is wasted—is certainly one, but also important are the inequities in the food production and supply system. While much can and should be done to correct these two critical problems, sustainable agriculture remains as the core feature of a healthy food supply.

Intentional Food Contamination in the Food Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-265
Author(s):  
Ramón Navarrete Reynoso ◽  
Cecilia Ramos-Estrada ◽  
Omar J. Purata
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Management System ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Control And Prevention

As globalization increases, supply chains are becoming increasingly complex and vulnerable, making the management of their security an important part of corporate management. The need to adopt control and prevention measures that allow for guaranteeing security in international commercial operations is essential to prevent becoming a target of these threats. Some of these threats are terrorism, piracy and theft. Within the food industry, food terrorism has gained relevance due to the extreme consequences it may have on both public health and the market. Food terrorism refers to the intentional contamination of food in any link of the supply chain, which covers everything from production to consumption. This chapter deals with the problems of food terrorism and makes a proposal that allows to establish a management system to prevent intentional food contamination in the supply chain through managing risks and improving security in the supply chain on this aspect.

scholarly journals Big Data Concept in the Food Supply Chain: Small Markets Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentinas Navickas ◽  
Valentas Gružauskas
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
The World

The strategies of competitive advantage are changing dramatically because of high technology development. The data size in the world is multiplying rapidly - the amount of information in the world doubles every 12 months. Therefore, the authors analyzed Big data in the food supply chain. The methodology used in the paper consists of a review of global competitiveness reports and secondary data analysis together with document-based literature synthesis; a competitiveness maximization methodology was modelled referring to a case of small markets. The supply of food industry is complicated, because of various regulations and a demand for high quality products just on time. Various companies are transporting partial freight; therefore, the visibility, lead-time and cost minimization is essential for them. However, they are unable to use all the gathered information and are not utilizing the potential that is possible. The problem of data analysis is a bigger concern to the smaller markets. Many of the small markets are less developed countries that still are not using Big data in their enterprises. In addition, new technologies are developing in the Big data industry. Therefore, the gap of technology will increase even more between large and small markets. The analysed innovation level and technology usage indicated a need for the food industry to change competitiveness strategies. Therefore, the authors developed a competitiveness strategy that is orientated to the food industry of small markets.

Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arroyo ◽  
L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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