Gear Case Shape and Rib Distribution for Reducing Automobile Transmission Gear Noise

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maruyama ◽  
K. Morikawa ◽  
N. Hitomi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Transmission Case ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Gear Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transmission Gear ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Simplified Formula

Abstract This paper deals with an analysis of gear case shape and rib distribution with the aim of reducing automobile transmission gear noise. Modal analysis results and FEM calculations are presented to show that the vibration characteristics of the transmission case are basically determined by its cross section shape. A case with a cocoon section shape, composed of two curved planes, is shown to have greater plane stiffness, resulting in higher natural frequencies and a smaller number of modes in the 0–5 KHz bandwidth. It is concluded that, in order to raise the natural frequency of vibration of a plate mode, a reinforcement rib should be placed orthogonally to the bending direction at the antinode. A simplified formula for estimating natural frequencies with respect to the relationship between flat and ribbed plates is proposed.

scholarly journals Gear Case Shape and Rib Distribution for Reducing Automobile Transmission Gear Noise.

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (627) ◽  
pp. 4361-4366
Author(s):  
Kunihiko MORIKAWA ◽  
Noboru MARUYAMA ◽  
Nobuteru HITOMI ◽  
Yasuharu ENOMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Gear Noise ◽  
Gear Case ◽  
Transmission Gear

Analysis of the Influence of Bar-Defects to Warping of PMMA Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2166-2170
Author(s):  
Yao Huang ◽  
Da Ming Wu ◽  
Xiu Ting Zheng ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Pmma Sheet ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Moldflow software is used to analyze the warping of the PMMA sheet in this article. It is shown that density of bar-defects, cross-section shape of bar-defects and sectional dimension of bar defects influence the warping in different level. The relationship of bar-defects and warping is amply analyzed. As a result, it is found that cross-section shape of bar-defects and sectional dimension of bar defects have more influence to warping, especially in the vertical direction of the surface. At last, some feasible method is put forward to decrease the warping.

Longitudinal oscillation of a rod with a variable cross section

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
I.M. Utyashev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Liouville Problem ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Variable cross-section rods are used in many parts and mechanisms. For example, conical rods are widely used in percussion mechanisms. The strength of such parts directly depends on the natural frequencies of longitudinal vibrations. The paper presents a method that allows numerically finding the natural frequencies of longitudinal vibrations of an elastic rod with a variable cross section. This method is based on representing the cross-sectional area as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n. Based on this idea, it was possible to formulate the Sturm-Liouville problem with boundary conditions of the third kind. The linearly independent functions of the general solution have the form of a power series in the variables x and λ, as a result of which the order of the characteristic equation depends on the choice of the number of terms in the series. The presented approach differs from the works of other authors both in the formulation and in the solution method. In the work, a rod with a rigidly fixed left end is considered, fixing on the right end can be either free, or elastic or rigid. The first three natural frequencies for various cross-sectional profiles are given. From the analysis of the numerical results it follows that in a rigidly fixed rod with thinning in the middle part, the first natural frequency is noticeably higher than that of a conical rod. It is shown that with an increase in the rigidity of fixation at the right end, the natural frequencies increase for all cross section profiles. The results of the study can be used to solve inverse problems of restoring the cross-sectional profile from a finite set of natural frequencies.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety in patients with gynecological cancer: a cross-section study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng ◽  
Xingcan Liu ◽  
Tangwei Lin ◽  
Biru Luo ◽  
Qianqian Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Section Study ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In recent years, spiritual well-being has gradually gained the attention of health care providers in China, especially those in oncology departments, who have recognized the importance of improving spiritual well-being in cancer patients. Since most of the current research on spiritual well-being has been carried out in areas with religious beliefs, this study was conducted in the context of no development of formal religion. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between death anxiety and spiritual well-being and the related factors of spiritual well-being among gynecological cancer patients. Methods This cross-section study was conducted among 586 gynecological cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual well-being32 (EORTC QLQ-SWB32) and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS) were used to measure spiritual well-being and death anxiety. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety. Results For all participants, the highest QLQ-SWB32 centesimal score was 75.13 on the Relationship with Other scale, and the lowest was 60.33 on the Relationship with Someone or Something Greater Scale. The mean Death Anxiety score was 5.31 (SD 3.18). We found that Relationship with Someone or Something Greater was the only scale not associated with death anxiety. Overall, patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Besides, a high Relationship with Other score was associated with living with a partner (B = 2.471, P < 0.001) and married (B = -6.475, P = 0.001). Patients with higher Global-SWB were retired (B = 0.387, P = 0.019). Conclusions Our study found that the spiritual well-being of patients with gynecological cancer in China was no worse than in other countries with religious beliefs and patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Clinical staff should pay attention to the spiritual health of cancer patients, and spiritual care should be regarded as an essential element in cancer care.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

scholarly journals On the shape of cicada’s wing leading-edge cross section

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Starkweather ◽  
Svetlana V. Poroseva ◽  
David T. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
First Time

AbstractAn important role that the leading-edge cross-section shape plays in the wing flight performance is well known in aeronautics. However, little is known about the shape of the leading-edge cross section of an insect’s wing and its contribution to remarkable qualities of insect flight. In this paper, we reveal, in the first time, the shape of the leading-edge cross section of a cicada’s wing and analyze its variability along the wing. We also identify and quantify similarities in characteristic dimensions of this shape in the wings of three different cicada species.

Numerical Simulation on Velocity Profiles of Mill Bearing Lubrication

2010 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Qing Xue Huang ◽  
Jian Mei Wang ◽  
Yu Gui Li ◽  
Li Feng Ma ◽  
Chun Jiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Velocity ◽  
Oil Film Pressure

No 460 oil-film bearing oil as the dedicated lubricant is regarded as the incompressible Newtonian fluid. To comprehensively analyze the real oil flow state, the mathematical model on velocity profiles, together with its dimensionless equations, is established, and the calculating program is developed to simulate the 3D velocity profiles and velocity gradients at different oil flow layers. The relationship between velocity profiles and the oil film pressure is discussed, and the velocity tendency is consistent with the general velocity profile of wedge cross section. The conclusions are beneficial to the further study on lubricating performances of heavy contact components and to prolong their service lives.

Optimization Analysis of the Wedge Block Surface of NYD Contact Backstop

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2277-2281
Author(s):  
Quan Wei Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Wang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Dian Mao Wan ◽  
Rong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Archimedes Spiral ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Section Curve ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

By analyzing the relationship of the design parameters of NYD contact backstop, the cross-section curve of the wedge block has been discussed as Archimedes spiral, logarithm spiral and arc. Each curve is designed optimally using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The merits and drawbacks of each curve are discussed.

scholarly journals Isospectrals of non-uniform Rayleigh beams with respect to their uniform counterparts

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivatsa Bhat K ◽  
Ranjan Ganguli
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Beam Equation ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Rayleigh Beam ◽  
Uniform Beam ◽  
Governing Differential Equation ◽  
The Given

In this paper, we look for non-uniform Rayleigh beams isospectral to a given uniform Rayleigh beam. Isospectral systems are those that have the same spectral properties, i.e. the same free vibration natural frequencies for a given boundary condition. A transformation is proposed that converts the fourth-order governing differential equation of non-uniform Rayleigh beam into a uniform Rayleigh beam. If the coefficients of the transformed equation match with those of the uniform beam equation, then the non-uniform beam is isospectral to the given uniform beam. The boundary-condition configuration should be preserved under this transformation. We present the constraints under which the boundary configurations will remain unchanged. Frequency equivalence of the non-uniform beams and the uniform beam is confirmed by the finite-element method. For the considered cases, examples of beams having a rectangular cross section are presented to show the application of our analysis.

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