S and T Fellowship Experiences in Washington, D.C.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Hutzel ◽  
Diana D. Glawe
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Members ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Technical Discipline ◽  
The Many ◽  
Motivating Factor

The currency of the engineering profession is knowledge. The knowledge gained by an engineer immersed in public policy is commonly undervalued because it is seen as not being applicable to the technical discipline. However, knowledge of the policymaking process is exactly what is needed to understand and communicate technical data in a way that decision-makers can leverage in developing prudent policies. So exposure to policy in effect enables engineers to apply their knowledge for public benefit — the genesis of the engineering discipline. This is only one of the many compelling reasons why interaction between engineers and policymakers should be valued by industry and academia. It was a motivating factor for two faculty members who recently made a temporary transition away from their respective universities to pursue Science and Technology fellowships in Washington, DC. Both individuals had tremendous experiences, professionally and personally, and encourage other engineers to make a similar adventure in Washington, DC one of their career goals.

scholarly journals The Relative Success of WTO Dispute Settlement and What Planet Would the EU Investment Court System Be On? A Rejoinder to AJIL Unbound Comments

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
Joost Pauwelyn
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court System ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Many ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Eu

I am extremely grateful, and humbled, by the wealth of comments received on my AJIL article through this AJIL Unbound Symposium. One of the many points I take away from these reactions is, indeed, that my analysis offers a snapshot and that many of the critiques now leveled against Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) are, in Catherine Rogers’s words, “effectively recycled versions of criticisms that were originally leveled against the WTO and its decision-makers.” (Freya Baetens makes a similar point.)In this rejoinder, I would only like to make two points. Firstly, many commentators seem to think that in this article I took the normative position that World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement is “better” than ISDS. Although I did point to the current discrepancy in public perception of the respective regimes, I purposefully avoided expressing any personal, normative position on one being “better” than the other (but apparently not explicitly enough).

Olympism, physical education and critical pedagogy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Culpan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Critical Orientation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Many

This article sets out to present a new imagery for capturing the power and potential of Olympism in attempting to educate the next generation of sport consumers and decision makers. It is hoped that the new imagery can make a contribution on how to moderate and regulate the rampant commodification of sport. This new imagery begins with the need for physical educators to open their minds and instigate a critical orientation to thinking about sport and Olympic matters. It is argued that doing this might help in the creation of new possibilities and visions for Olympism and sport and allow us to confront some of the disagreeable contemporary concerns in sport that scholars have identified. The new imagery for Olympism is based on the development of a critical pedagogy that draws on the works of Apple, Freire and Kincheloe, and is re-contextualised for school physical education and sports programmes. It is concluded that decisions, behaviours and actions that are made at present actually propagate many of the policies that will be made tomorrow. It is argued that a critical pedagogy for Olympism is needed to address the many current disagreeable aspects of sport.

Deferred Dreams, Defiant Struggles

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Black Church ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Montgomery Bus Boycott ◽  
Bus Boycott ◽  
The Many ◽  
Southern City

Deferred Dreams, Defiant Struggles interrogates Blackness and illustrates how it has been used as a basis to oppress, dismiss and exclude Blacks from societies and institutions in Europe, North America and South America. Employing uncharted analytical categories that tackle intriguing themes about borderless non-racial African ancestry, “traveling” identities and post-blackness, the essays provide new lenses for viewing the “Black” struggle worldwide. This approach directs the contributors’ focus to understudied locations and protagonists. In the volume, Charleston, South Carolina is more prominent than Little Rock Arkansas in the struggle to desegregate schools; Chicago occupies the space usually reserved for Atlanta or other southern city “bulwarks” of the Civil Rights Movement; diverse Africans in France and Afro-descended Chileans illustrate the many facets of negotiating belonging, long articulated by examples from the Greensboro Woolworth counter sit-in or the Montgomery Bus Boycott; unknown men in the British empire, who inverted dying confessions meant to vilify their blackness, demonstrate new dimensions in the story about race and religion, often told by examples of fiery clergy of the Black Church; and the theatres and studios of dramatists and visual artists replace the Mall in Washington DC as the stage for the performance of identities and activism.

Public Policy Making and Public Policy Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Professional Class ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews the development and growth of the policy-analytic profession. Historically, government decision makers have often called upon those with expertise to assist them in reaching their decisions. This chapter, however, concerns a new professional class of advisors that began developing during the 1950s in the United States. This new profession assists policy makers in understanding better their alternatives and relevant considerations for choosing among them. From here, the chapter offers some perspective on the research to date that has attempted to assess the effects of the profession—a perspective that emphasizes some important differences across the many types of governmental settings that utilize policy analysis, and the methodological difficulties that assessment efforts confront.

Administrative Interlude

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Fish
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Faculty Member ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The State ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

But you can’t do it in a vacuum. And although academics would be reluctant to admit it, the conditions that make what they do possible are established and maintained by administrators. When I was a dean, the question I was most often asked by faculty members was, “Why do administrators make so much more money than we do?” The answer I gave was simple: administrators work harder, they have more work to do, and they actually do it. At the end of my tenure as dean, I spoke to some administrators who had been on the job for a short enough time to be able still to remember what it was like to be a faculty member and what thoughts they had then about the work they did now. One said that she had come to realize how narcissistic academics are: an academic, she mused, is focused entirely on the intellectual stock market and watches its rises and falls with an anxious and selfregarding eye. As an academic, you’re trying to get ahead; as an administrator, you’re trying “to make things happen for other people”; you’re “not advancing your own profile, but advancing the institution, and you’re more service oriented.” A second new administrator reported that he finds faculty members “unbelievably parochial, selfish, and selfindulgent.” They believe that their time is their own even when someone else is paying for it. They say things like “I don’t get paid for the summer.” They believe that they deserve everything and that if they are ever denied anything, it could only be because an evil administrator has committed a great injustice. Although they are employees of the university (and in public universities, of the state), they consider themselves independent contractors engaged fitfully in free-lance piecework. They have no idea of how comfortable a life they lead. Neither, said a third administrator recently up from the ranks, do they have any idea of how the university operates. They seem proud of their parochialism and boast of their inability to access the many systems that hold the enterprise together.

De-biasing role induced bias using Bayesian networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Normative Standard ◽  
The Many ◽  
Legal Fact ◽  
Assessment Of Evidence

Abstract The merits of using subjective probability theory as a normative standard for evidence evaluation by legal fact-finders have been hotly debated for decades. Critics argue that formal mathematical models only lead to an apparent precision that obfuscates the ad-hoc nature of the many assumptions that underlie the model. Proponents of using subjective probability theory as normative standard for legal decision makers, specifically proponents of using Bayesian networks as decision aids in complex evaluations of evidence, must show that formal models have tangible benefits over the more natural, holistic assessment of evidence by explanatory coherence. This article demonstrates that the assessment of evidence using a Bayesian network parametrized with values obtained from the decision makers reduces role-induced bias, a bias that has been largely resistant to de-biasing attempts so far.

scholarly journals Scenario Development and Foresight Analysis: Exploring Options to Inform Choices

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Wiebe ◽  
Monika Zurek ◽  
Steven Lord ◽  
Natalia Brzezina ◽  
Gnel Gabrielyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Socioeconomic Analysis ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Social And Environmental Change ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Many

In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, where social and environmental change occur ever more rapidly, careful futures-oriented thinking becomes crucial for effective decision making. Foresight activities, including scenario development, quantitative modeling, and scenario-guided design of policies and programs, play a key role in exploring options to address socioeconomic and environmental challenges across many sectors and decision-making levels. We take stock of recent methodological developments in scenario and foresight exercises, seek to provide greater clarity on the many diverse approaches employed, and examine their use by decision makers in different fields and at different geographic, administrative, and temporal scales. Experience shows the importance of clearly formulated questions, structured dialog, carefully designed scenarios, sophisticated biophysical and socioeconomic analysis, and iteration as needed to more effectively link the growing scenarios and foresight community with today's decision makers and to better address the social, economic, and environmental challenges of tomorrow.

scholarly journals AI-Assisted Decision-making in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamra Lysaght ◽  
Hannah Yeefen Lim ◽  
Vicki Xafis ◽  
Kee Yuan Ngiam
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Full Explanation ◽  
Algorithmic Bias

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform healthcare. Key ethical issues to emerge with this transformation encompass the accountability and transparency of the decisions made by AI-based systems, the potential for group harms arising from algorithmic bias and the professional roles and integrity of clinicians. These concerns must be balanced against the imperatives of generating public benefit with more efficient healthcare systems from the vastly higher and accurate computational power of AI. In weighing up these issues, this paper applies the deliberative balancing approach of the Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research (Xafis et al. 2019). The analysis applies relevant values identified from the framework to demonstrate how decision-makers can draw on them to develop and implement AI-assisted support systems into healthcare and clinical practice ethically and responsibly. Please refer to Xafis et al. (2019) in this special issue of the Asian Bioethics Review for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end of this paper.

scholarly journals The Importance of Change: Changes at a Teacher Education College in Israel - Declared and Perceived Aspect

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Mevorach ◽  
Hanna Ezer
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Teaching Environment ◽  
Education College ◽  
Teaching Faculty

This study examines changes at a large teacher education college in Israel and considers how teacher educators perceive these changes. The research tools included protocols documenting formal meetings of college decision makers, questionnaires distributed among the college teaching faculty, analyzed quantitatively, and in-depth narrative interviews with twenty faculty members, analyzed for qualitative content. Results point to two aspects of change: the declared aspect of the college decision makers and the perceived aspect of the teacher educators who must implement decision makers' policy. Findings indicate that the two aspects do not entirely coincide, though they overlap on some parameters, especially those related to the teaching environment and to the well-being of teacher educators.

scholarly journals Editorial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Digital Video ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Audiovisual Archives ◽  
The Many ◽  
Digital Landscape ◽  
Term Storage

During this year’s IASA conference in Washington, DC at the Library of Congress, I noticed continued discussion of trends that are ever-looming in our feld: (1) digital video care and management improvements and (2) increased access demands for digital audiovisual collections. We are required to be agile in our ability to provide effortless access to audiovisual archives in the digital landscape; and simultaneously, we are challenged to design long-term storage infrastructure for the preservation of exponentially growing collections of the biggest (in terms of bytes) digital content in existence—high defnition digital audio and digital video objects. At the core of our work, while we are attending to the many details of audiovisual archives, most of us are still laying dependable infrastructure for digital preservation of and versatile access to our ever-growing digital archives. This is the reality in which we operate today.

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