Simulation of Cylinder Valves for Reciprocating Compressors

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli ◽  
Fabio Falciani ◽  
Guido Volterrani ◽  
Riccardo Fani ◽  
Leonardo Galli
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Mechanical Valve ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Compression Cycle ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

Advanced mathematical models are now used to simulate reciprocating compressors and particularly the cylinder valves. The valves represent the most critical component of these machines and need particular attention from the technology point of view. In addition, the potential variable operating conditions must be properly addressed and investigated. The pulsations generated by the compressor and piping system can have a critical impact on valve behavior. Therefore for complex situations a simulation of the complete system including pressure vessels and piping can be performed. The results of the programs include displacement, pressure drop, compression cycle, and pressure pulsations based on coefficients obtained experimentally and through advanced CFD models. Through simulation an optimum compromise between mechanical valve behavior and minimum energy consumption can be found.

OPTIMIZING THE PIPELINE DIAMETER OF A CIRCULAR SPRINKLER ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION CRITERION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY V. TSUGLENOK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The authors have determined the conditions for the eff ective use of modern electrifi ed circular sprinklers in the central part of Russia. Their designs are chosen depending on the agrotechnical requirements for irrigation, including the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline. However, when the diameter of the pipeline changes, the load on the electric drive of the support trolleys of the sprinkler changes too, which leads to a corresponding change in energy consumption. In turn, this also changes the load of the water supply pump. The paper sets the task of determining the optimal change in the diameter of pipelines according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption, taking into account a number of assumptions. The authors have analyzed the relationship between the change in the load on the electric drive of the sprinkler support trolley and the change in the diameter of one sprinkler section pipeline. It has been found that a decrease in the diameter by 27% (for example, the transition of the diameter of 219 mm to the diameter of 159 mm) leads to a decrease in the load on the electric drive by 38%. However, this also leads to an increase in the head loss in the water supply pump motor and, respectively, to an increase in the load and energy consumption by 0.8…3.8%. The eff ect is initially obvious, but the power of the electric motor of the water supply pump is 10…25 times higher than that of the electric motor of the sprinkler support trolley. Based on the similarity coeffi cients of the irrigation components (water supply and water distribution), the relationship beteween the total energy consumption and the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline has been obtained. By diff erentiating the obtained function, the dependence of the value of the optimal diameter for specifi c operating conditions is also obtained. Graphs of the relationship between energy consumption and the change in diameter have been determined, taking into account some restrictions: pump supply, static pressure, and the number of the sprinkler sections.

An Analysis of Increasing the Purity of Ethylene Production in the Ethylene Fractionation Column by the Genetic Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asadollah Karimi ◽  
Hadi Soltani ◽  
Aydin Hasanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Fractionation Column

AbstractDistillation columns are among the most common fractionation systems with numerous applications in petrochemical units. Hence, the optimization of these columns is a large step in reducing energy consumption and increasing process productivity. This study was, therefore, carried out as a case study of the simulation and optimization of the parameters influencing the ethylene production of the ethylene distillation column in an olefin unit. The two defined objective functions in this research were maximum mass flow of ethylene in the upstream flow of the distillation column and the minimum energy consumption in the distillation column. The optimal operating conditions for the independent variables were estimated using the NSGAII algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of the results was, thereafter, carried out and the optimization results introduced tray no. 71 as the most suitable feed location. In addition, the optimal reflux ratio and the optimal feed flow temperature were 5.26 and −18.49 °C, respectively. In this condition, the upstream ethylene flow rate and energy consumption in the unit increased by approximately 0.74 % and 0.9 % as compared to the initial conditions, respectively.

Control Optimization Through Prediction-Based Wastewater Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstantin Tilcher ◽  
Florin Popescu ◽  
Harald Sommer ◽  
Lauritz Thamsen ◽  
Paul Uwe Thamsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Level Curves ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
The Individual

Abstract As part of a collaborative research project (OPTIMA) by Fraunhofer FOKUS, Engineering Company Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH, Department of Distributed and Operating Systems and Department of Fluid System Dynamics, TU Berlin, an „Intelligent Pumping Station” is being developed. In this research project, the operation of wastewater pumping stations is to be optimized by integrating precipitation forecasts and recording operating conditions on one hand, and by integrating historical data on use and operation on the other. The individual strategies for optimizing the operation of pumping stations and the possibilities of data integration will be systematically investigated. The focus of this paper is on the method for developing an optimized pump control. It examines how knowledge of predicted inflow can be used to achieve energy savings and a reduction in wastewater overflows. This method is based on the development of an algorithm in which detailed consideration of pump specifics and future pumping station inflow can be used to predict all possible suction head level curves for the considered period of time. Depending on the target criterion — minimum energy consumption per transported cubic meter or minimum overflow volume — the algorithm calculates the optimum path from all possible suction chamber level curves.

Experimental Study of Pressure Drop after the Circle Grids Fractal Orifice

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Izzuddin Zaman ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Pressure Manometer ◽  
Measurement Devices

Flow rate measurements are among the most important operations in modern industries dealing with increasingly expensive fluids such as petroleum, biodiesel and natural gas. The accuracy of flow meters depends mainly on their position in a pipe network and their operating conditions. Another important in designing piping system is a pressure drop across the flow measurement devices. Here, we investigate the pressure drop after the circle grids fractal orifices using a digital differential pressure manometer at different stations downstream a turbulent flow pipe then a direct comparison has been made with the pressure drop measured from regular orifices with the same flow area. Our results showed that the circle grid fractal orifices have a significant effect on pressure drop downstream the flow which is to be lower than that from ordinary orifices of the same flow area. This result could be important from point of view of losses consideration with the same flow control area. The experimental results using the circle grid fractal orifices show that these types of orifices can sense the pressure drop across them accurately with minimum losses than the regular ones.

scholarly journals Bases of the algorithm for selecting a transport option of harding liquids of the industrial-agricultural complex in the presence of sea transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Anatolii Berestovoi ◽  
◽  
Olga Khliestova ◽  
Sergii Zinchenko ◽  
Ivan Berestovoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
International Systems

The modern development of nuclear energy, defense and space technology, aviation, chemistry, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, all types of transport, medicine, road and industrial construction, food and other types of industry and technology has led to an increase in the volume of transportation of specific cargoes – solidifying liquids. They are produced and consumed, as a rule, in liquid form, and some of them can be transported in any aggregate state, for example: liquid, in bulk, powder, granules, colloidal, piece, packaged. As a rule, these substances, when they are transferred to the state necessary for the producer and consumer for transportation and storage, have increased: harmful effects on the environment, costs of energy, human and natural resources. The main generalized interrelated criteria of each variant of the solidification fluid transport system (FTS) are related to 1 ton of the transported fluid: the minimum of the economic costs, the minimum time spent on transporting the liquid, the minimum harmful effect of the FTS on the environment, and the minimum energy consumption. The basics of assessing the transport of hardening fluids of the industrial-agricultural complex in the implementation of maritime transport are considered. It is noted that the necessary systematic approach to the study, which takes into account the largest number of objects and operations in the FTS, taking into account interactions that are not taken into account in established practice: integration into international systems, financial needs and staffing of all system participants, etc. Tasks, considered in the FTS, from the point of view of decision theory, are deterministic in nature, since each selected option comes with a unique result. It is determined that the controlling mechanism in the system of transport of solidified liquids is a contractual agreement on a commercial basis between the producer, transport and consumer of the solidified liquid and the main constituent entities. In the course of this study, significant features were identified during the transportation of FTS, the application of the scientific method to the tasks of managing the FTS is shown, which provides, first of all, the creation of operational models of FTS in general, and then experimentation at the level of objects and processes. The criterion used in solving such problems should be the boundary of maximizing expected utility.

scholarly journals PILOT TEST OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY MEMBRANES FOR OPTIMISATION OF THE MEMBRANE SYSTEM IN CARBONERAS DESALINATION PLANT

10.6036/9811 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
FEDERICO LEON ZERPA ◽  
ALEJANDRO RAMOS MARTIN ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO MENDIETA PINO
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Difference

The construction of the new seawater intake for the desalination plant in Las Carboneras (Almería, Spain) was completed in May 2011. Since then, the water intake increased from 14 m to 35 m in depth. A new scenario appeared with the lowest maximum temperatures, while the minimum temperatures remained constant. As a result, new designs and opportunities for operational improvements appeared to optimize the process. To improve the membrane system, a pilot test was developed. This test pilot compared different membranes, and the setup of making 3 different membranes. The test was carried out in high pressure tanks of the full-scale plant (7 elements per tank). The experiment was carried out in two phases: the aging phase and the testing phase. During the aging phase, the membranes of the three manufacturers were tested simultaneously using the same feed water and the same discharge conditions as the full-scale frame in order to achieve the membrane performance estimated by the manufacturer. The main operating parameters were controlled. During the test phase the membranes of each manufacturer were alternately tested in individual tanks with total control of the operating conditions (flow and pressure). The purpose of this test was to compare the performance of the different membranes and determine the optimal configuration of the membrane capable of achieving the necessary quality and quantity of water, with the minimum energy consumption with the new thermal scenario. The results showed the difference in performance between membranes. The study's conclusions could serve as a tool for the decision-making process, related to membrane replacement and plant modernization projects (whose designs are based on the configuration of new high-efficiency membranes). Keywords: Reverse osmosis, membranes, pilot test, energy efficiency, desalination.

Considerations on Design, Operation and Performance of Hypercompressors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli ◽  
Jun-Xia Shi ◽  
Fabio Manfrone
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
And Performance

The production of LDPE may require huge power, heavy-duty reciprocating compressors, provided with opposite cylinders and special frames to withstand the loads, deriving from the operating pressures. In many new projects larger capacities and higher performance requirements, renew the challenge of engineers to handle the mechanical, thermodynamic, chemical-physical, process and operational aspects. Safety, performance, operation and reliability are usual expectations needing a thorough evaluation of the service and the machine selection is based on positive results in similar applications. Valve, packing and cylinder performance is noticeably influenced by the design, operation and maintenance activities. The cylinders are compound pressure vessels, excluded by design codes, but their design and construction have to consider the extreme internal pressures and the nature of the process gas. The ability to withstand the high fatigue stresses and the need to avoid any leakage of gas around the compressor area implies solutions to minimize such occurrences including abnormal operations and emergencies. The design must foresee all possible failure modes of each component, to have safe and smooth operation. Innovative methods of simulation and modeling, like FEA, CFD, and others, are very important tools for the design of cylinder components. Valves are simulated by mathematical models optimizing performance and ensuring reliable operation, to reach a correct mechanical behavior with minimum energy consumption. The available technological improvements are taken as a base, resulting from the R&D of manufacturers and long experience of End Users. Also the pulsation and related vibration of the piping have to be investigated to keep the plant in operation without hazard. The operation is the stage where all the parameters have to be kept under control and incipient problems have to be identified to minimize shut down and arrange various maintenance works. Automation systems, together with new monitoring and diagnostic systems, allow very high safety levels, availability and optimized maintenance interventions.

Challenging Hypers Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Shrink Fitting

The production of LDPE may require huge heavy-duty reciprocating compressors to withstand the loads, deriving from the operating pressures, to satisfy the growing needs of the market. Safety, Performance and Reliability are normal expectations and therefore need a thorough evaluation of the specific service. The machine selection is based on positive experience in similar applications and cylinder performance. The cylinders are special pressure vessels, whose design and construction have to consider the extreme internal pressures and the process gas. The design must foresee all possible failure modes of each component, to have safe and smooth operation, thanks to innovative methods of modeling and simulation, like FEM and CFD, important for the design of cylinder parts. Valves are simulated by mathematical models optimizing performance, to reach a correct mechanical behavior with minimum energy consumption and ensuring reliable operation. The available technological improvements are a starting point, resulting from the developments of manufacturers and long experience of End Users. The pulsation and vibration of the piping are usually investigated to keep the plant in operation without failures. Many cylinder components are exposed to pressures fluctuating between suction and discharge and therefore to high fatigue loads. To reach high endurance capabilities they have to be pre-compressed to keep them operating under compressive stresses whenever possible. Special materials, shrink fitting and auto-frettage procedures are usually required. The operation is the stage where all the parameters have to be kept under control and incipient problems have to be identified to minimize shut-downs and arrange various maintenance works. Automation, monitoring and diagnostic systems complete the efforts of operators to afford high safety levels, with increased availability and optimized maintenance interventions. The continuing development of technology will help to challenge performance and high capacity demand of future plants.

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