scholarly journals PILOT TEST OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY MEMBRANES FOR OPTIMISATION OF THE MEMBRANE SYSTEM IN CARBONERAS DESALINATION PLANT

10.6036/9811 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
FEDERICO LEON ZERPA ◽  
ALEJANDRO RAMOS MARTIN ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO MENDIETA PINO
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Difference

The construction of the new seawater intake for the desalination plant in Las Carboneras (Almería, Spain) was completed in May 2011. Since then, the water intake increased from 14 m to 35 m in depth. A new scenario appeared with the lowest maximum temperatures, while the minimum temperatures remained constant. As a result, new designs and opportunities for operational improvements appeared to optimize the process. To improve the membrane system, a pilot test was developed. This test pilot compared different membranes, and the setup of making 3 different membranes. The test was carried out in high pressure tanks of the full-scale plant (7 elements per tank). The experiment was carried out in two phases: the aging phase and the testing phase. During the aging phase, the membranes of the three manufacturers were tested simultaneously using the same feed water and the same discharge conditions as the full-scale frame in order to achieve the membrane performance estimated by the manufacturer. The main operating parameters were controlled. During the test phase the membranes of each manufacturer were alternately tested in individual tanks with total control of the operating conditions (flow and pressure). The purpose of this test was to compare the performance of the different membranes and determine the optimal configuration of the membrane capable of achieving the necessary quality and quantity of water, with the minimum energy consumption with the new thermal scenario. The results showed the difference in performance between membranes. The study's conclusions could serve as a tool for the decision-making process, related to membrane replacement and plant modernization projects (whose designs are based on the configuration of new high-efficiency membranes). Keywords: Reverse osmosis, membranes, pilot test, energy efficiency, desalination.

scholarly journals Full-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Simulator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Siddiqui ◽  
Mariam Elnour ◽  
Nader Meskin ◽  
Syed Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Operational Data

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an efficient and clean membrane-based technology for water desalination. This work presents a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant simulator using MATLAB/Simulink that has been validated using the operational data from a local plant. It allows simulating the system behavior under different operating conditions with high flexibility and minimal cost.

OPTIMIZING THE PIPELINE DIAMETER OF A CIRCULAR SPRINKLER ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION CRITERION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY V. TSUGLENOK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The authors have determined the conditions for the eff ective use of modern electrifi ed circular sprinklers in the central part of Russia. Their designs are chosen depending on the agrotechnical requirements for irrigation, including the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline. However, when the diameter of the pipeline changes, the load on the electric drive of the support trolleys of the sprinkler changes too, which leads to a corresponding change in energy consumption. In turn, this also changes the load of the water supply pump. The paper sets the task of determining the optimal change in the diameter of pipelines according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption, taking into account a number of assumptions. The authors have analyzed the relationship between the change in the load on the electric drive of the sprinkler support trolley and the change in the diameter of one sprinkler section pipeline. It has been found that a decrease in the diameter by 27% (for example, the transition of the diameter of 219 mm to the diameter of 159 mm) leads to a decrease in the load on the electric drive by 38%. However, this also leads to an increase in the head loss in the water supply pump motor and, respectively, to an increase in the load and energy consumption by 0.8…3.8%. The eff ect is initially obvious, but the power of the electric motor of the water supply pump is 10…25 times higher than that of the electric motor of the sprinkler support trolley. Based on the similarity coeffi cients of the irrigation components (water supply and water distribution), the relationship beteween the total energy consumption and the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline has been obtained. By diff erentiating the obtained function, the dependence of the value of the optimal diameter for specifi c operating conditions is also obtained. Graphs of the relationship between energy consumption and the change in diameter have been determined, taking into account some restrictions: pump supply, static pressure, and the number of the sprinkler sections.

scholarly journals Optimal Velocity Control for a Battery Electric Vehicle Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongbin Lu ◽  
Minggao Ouyang ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
Jianqiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Operation

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has high efficiency and high torque density. Field oriented control (FOC) is usually used in the motor to achieve maximum efficiency control. In the electric vehicle (EV) application, the PMSM efficiency model, combined with the EV and road load system model, is used to study the optimal energy-saving control strategy, which is significant for the economic operation of EVs. With the help of GPS, IMU, and other information technologies, the road conditions can be measured in advance. Based on this information, the optimal velocity of the EV driven by PMSM can be obtained through the analytical algorithm according to the efficiency model of PMSM and the vehicle dynamic model in simple road conditions. In complex road conditions, considering the dynamic characteristics, the economic operating velocity trajectory of the EV can be obtained through the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the minimum energy consumption and global energy optimization can be achieved when the EV operates in the economic operation area.

An Analysis of Increasing the Purity of Ethylene Production in the Ethylene Fractionation Column by the Genetic Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asadollah Karimi ◽  
Hadi Soltani ◽  
Aydin Hasanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Fractionation Column

AbstractDistillation columns are among the most common fractionation systems with numerous applications in petrochemical units. Hence, the optimization of these columns is a large step in reducing energy consumption and increasing process productivity. This study was, therefore, carried out as a case study of the simulation and optimization of the parameters influencing the ethylene production of the ethylene distillation column in an olefin unit. The two defined objective functions in this research were maximum mass flow of ethylene in the upstream flow of the distillation column and the minimum energy consumption in the distillation column. The optimal operating conditions for the independent variables were estimated using the NSGAII algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of the results was, thereafter, carried out and the optimization results introduced tray no. 71 as the most suitable feed location. In addition, the optimal reflux ratio and the optimal feed flow temperature were 5.26 and −18.49 °C, respectively. In this condition, the upstream ethylene flow rate and energy consumption in the unit increased by approximately 0.74 % and 0.9 % as compared to the initial conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing Pretreatment Effectiveness for Particulate, Organic and Biological Fouling in a Full-Scale SWRO Desalination Plant

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Almotasembellah Abushaban ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Delia Pastorelli ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Subhanjan Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Particulate Fouling ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Pretreatment Processes

In this study, the removal of particulate, organic and biological fouling potential was investigated in the two-stage dual media filtration (DMF) pretreatment of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant. Moreover, the removal of fouling potential in two-stage DMF (DMF pretreatment) was compared with the removal in two-stage DMF installed after dissolved air floatation (DAF) (DAF-DMF pretreatment). For this purpose, the silt density index (SDI), modified fouling index (MFI), bacterial growth potential (BGP), organic fractions and microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were monitored in the pretreatment processes of two full-scale SWRO plants. Particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the two stages of DMF with significant removal of SDI15 (>80%), MFI0.45 (94%) and microbial ATP (>95%). However, lower removal of biological/organic fouling potential (24–41%) was observed due to frequent chlorination (weekly) of the pretreatment, resulting in low biological activity in the DMFs. Therefore, neutralizing chlorine before media filtration is advised, rather than after, as is the current practice in many full-scale SWRO plants. Comparing overall removal in the DAF-DMF pretreatment to that of the DMF pretreatment showed that DAF improved the removal of biological/organic fouling potential, in which the removal of BGP and biopolymers increased by 40% and 16%, respectively. Overall, monitoring ATP and BGP during the pretreatment processes, particularly in DMF, would be beneficial to enhance biological degradation and lower biofouling potential in SWRO feed water.

Control Optimization Through Prediction-Based Wastewater Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstantin Tilcher ◽  
Florin Popescu ◽  
Harald Sommer ◽  
Lauritz Thamsen ◽  
Paul Uwe Thamsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Level Curves ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
The Individual

Abstract As part of a collaborative research project (OPTIMA) by Fraunhofer FOKUS, Engineering Company Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH, Department of Distributed and Operating Systems and Department of Fluid System Dynamics, TU Berlin, an „Intelligent Pumping Station” is being developed. In this research project, the operation of wastewater pumping stations is to be optimized by integrating precipitation forecasts and recording operating conditions on one hand, and by integrating historical data on use and operation on the other. The individual strategies for optimizing the operation of pumping stations and the possibilities of data integration will be systematically investigated. The focus of this paper is on the method for developing an optimized pump control. It examines how knowledge of predicted inflow can be used to achieve energy savings and a reduction in wastewater overflows. This method is based on the development of an algorithm in which detailed consideration of pump specifics and future pumping station inflow can be used to predict all possible suction head level curves for the considered period of time. Depending on the target criterion — minimum energy consumption per transported cubic meter or minimum overflow volume — the algorithm calculates the optimum path from all possible suction chamber level curves.

scholarly journals Multidriving Modes and Control Strategies of a Dual-Rotor In-Wheel Motor Applied in Electric Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Junmin Li ◽  
Ren He
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption

To overcome the shortcomings and limited applications of the traditional in-wheel motor applied practically in electric vehicles, a novel dual-rotor in-wheel motor (DRIWM) was proposed, which has three driving modes and can meet the operating requirements of electric vehicle under different driving conditions. Based on the principle of minimum energy consumption, the torque distribution strategy was presented to obtain the optimal torque distribution of the inner and outer motors under different working points, and the driving modes were also divided. Using the models built in Matlab/Simulink, the operating characteristics of the DRIWM under certain conditions were simulated. The results show that the id = 0 vector control strategy based on sliding mode speed controller is applicable to the drive control for the DRIWM. When the vehicle is coupled to drive on three ramps with the grade of 10%, 15%, and 20% at a constant speed, the power consumption of the driving system with the adoption of optimized torque distribution strategy reduces by 2.2%, 1.7%, and 4.5%, respectively, compared with nonoptimized strategy. Furthermore, the three driving modes can switch freely with the operating condition changes in the vehicle under a standard driving cycle. Simultaneously, the inner and outer motors work with high efficiency.

Cylinder Valves Reliability and Performance in Booster-Primary Compressors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli ◽  
Massimo Schiavone ◽  
Claudio Vaglini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wide Operating ◽  
Careful Design ◽  
Selection Of

The production of LDPE, in addition to the hyper-compressors, requires heavy-duty Booster and Primary compressors. Although operating at lower pressures, Booster-Primary units are complex machines, considering the need of wide operating range and capacity control, due to the different products often required by the plants. They are able to give an appreciable contribution to the operational results. Their cylinder valves, as critical parts need a careful design, that will be important for adequate operation, considering the aspects of Safety, Performance and Reliability. The aim of high efficiency is obtained by the use of methodologies, able to optimize the geometry and positively affecting the energy consumption. Similar advances are used for the strength of the components operating under fatigue stresses, like in the case of seats and rings or plates. The operating results both from energy consumption and mechanical behaviour are consequence of proper simulations. Mathematical models optimize performance and ensure reliable operation, to reach a correct mechanical behaviour with minimum energy consumption of the valves. Also the pulsation can be investigated in case the situation is considered critical for the plant. The selection of the valves, ring or plate type, can be significant as they have a different performance as a function of the lubricating oil quantity and viscosity.

scholarly journals EN Numerical modeling of a hydrocyclone in the system of technical water supply under the conditions of the UAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
S. Surkov ◽  
Hussam Ghanem ◽  
V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Capture Coefficient ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Pre Treatment

The article is devoted to solving a practical problem: the choice of equipment for pre-treatment of salt water that feeds the desalination plant. The preliminary stage of desalination is the purification of water from sand particles, which can significantly reduce productivity and even damage the desalination plant, which is situated at the next stage. For pre-treatment, settling tanks, hydrocyclones, sand filters, etc. are used. The main dimensions of hydrocyclones of standard designs are calculated based on well-known recommendations. Modern computer simulation systems allow you to create three-dimensional models of the apparatus being studied, and then calculate the velocity and pressure fields in them. It was necessary to estimate the amount of sand contained in the feed water. To solve this problem, an experimental hydrocyclone was developed and manufactured. The hydrocyclone was numerically simulated and the sand capture coefficient was estimated under various operating conditions. It has been established that an experimental hydrocyclone reliably captures grains of sand 50 microns in size and above. The average daily mass of trapped sand was experimentally determined. Numerical modeling made it possible with reasonable accuracy to estimate the sand capture coefficient by an experimental hydrocyclone. During the tests, the mass of sand entering the pipeline per day was determined. The hydrocyclone reliably captures sand particles of 50 microns or more. At the same time, a significant part of particles less than 50 microns is not captured by the hydrocyclone, which is why a sand filter was chosen for industrial use. In the future, it is advisable to use a serial connection of a hydrocyclone and a sand filter, but such a solution requires additional technical and economic calculation. It is concluded that in the case under consideration, it is advisable to use a sand filter for preliminary water treatment

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