Experimental Characterization of Hydraulic Solid Particle Transportation in Horizontal Pipelines Using PIV

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Liang ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Peter Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Bed Load ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Particle Bed

Solid particle transport in pipelines by fluids is encountered in a wide variety of industry processes, such as oil production, mining and chemical industry. In contrast to the intensive research effort that has investigated transport modes for suspended solid particles in pipeline flow, limited studies have been published on solid transportation mechanism generated from an initial stationary particle bed. Consequently the underlying mechanisms responsible for bed-load and saltation transport phenomena have not been extensively assessed, particularly for low velocity hydraulic conveying pipe flows. This paper presents an experimental investigation into sand particle transportation from a stationary horizontal particle bed under hydraulic conveying flow for bed-load and saltation transport phenomena. Experiments were undertaken in a laboratory environment using a 14 m long transparent plexiglas loop of 24 mm internal diameter to permit optical access. High speed digital photography was employed to study the morphologic characteristics of sand bed transportation, with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) used to characterize the near surface flow structure at the fluid-solid interface. Experimental results characterize the influence of water flow on sand dune formation for one bed thickness and particle size. Flow field velocity distributions revealed the presence of vortex structures that strongly influence the dynamics of sand dunes. The results presented on the combined study of flow field and bed formation interaction provide a fundamental insight into the physics of fluid-solid interaction in a closed conduit that can also serve as benchmark data for computational fluid dynamics based predictions.

Experimental Investigation of Intermittent Gas-Liquid Flows on Solid Particle Transportation in Inclined Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Peter Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Bed Load ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Flow Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Pipe Inclination

Solid particle transport in pipelines by fluids is widely encountered in energy industry processes, such as oil production, drilling of horizontal and inclined wells and mining. In contrast to the intensive research effort that has investigated solid transport in horizontal pipelines, limited studies have been published on solid transportation mechanism generated from an initial stationary particle bed in inclined pipes. Consequently the underlying mechanisms responsible for pipe inclination influence on bed-load transport phenomena have not been extensively assessed, particularly for gas-liquid conveying of solid particles. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the influence hydraulic and two phase (gas-liquid) flows on sand dune transportation resulting from a stationary flat bed as a function of (i) pipe inclination, (ii) gas liquid flow rate and (iii) initial sand bed thickness. Experiments were undertaken in a laboratory environment using a 14 m long transparent Plexiglas loop of 24 mm internal diameter to permit optical access. The three phases used were water, air and sand. High speed digital photography was employed to study the flow phenomenon and characteristics of sand bed transportation for the analysis variables (i) to (iii) under consideration. For hydraulic conveying of solid particles, it was found that 1° upward pipe inclination had negligible influence on both the flow phenomenon and solid-liquid flow pattern transition. In contrast, for gas-liquid conveying of solid particles, pipe inclination resulted in considerably different transport phenomena relative to that observed for the horizontal orientation. Differences such as backward bed movement and enhanced particle suspension were observed, and found to be highly gas-liquid ratio dependent. These measurements provide fundamental insights into the influence of upward pipe inclination on bed-load mode solid transportation in a closed conduit.

Study of turbulent mixing processes at a mesoscale confluence through aerial drone imagery and eddy-resolved modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Duguay ◽  
Pascale Biron ◽  
Thomas Buffin-Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Vortical Structures ◽  
Instantaneous Flow Field

<p>The large-scale turbulent structures that develop at confluences fall into three main categories: vertically orientated (Kelvin-Helmholtz) vortices, large-scale secondary flow helical cells and smaller strongly coherent streamwise orientated vortices. The causal mechanisms of each class, how they interact with one another and their respective contributions to mixing is still unclear. Our investigation emphasises the role played by the instantaneous flow field in mixing at a mesoscale confluence (Mitis-Neigette, Quebec, Canada) by complementing aerial drone observations of turbulent suspended sediment mixing processes with results from a high-resolution eddy-resolved numerical simulation. The high velocity near-surface flow of the main channel (Mitis) separates at the crest of the scour hole before downwelling upon collision with the slower tributary (Neigette). Fed by incursions of lateral momentum of the Mitis, shear generated Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities expand as they advect along the mixing-interface. As the instabilities shed, water from the deeper Neigette passes underneath the fast, over-topping Mitis, causing a large portion of the Neigette’s discharge to cross under the mixing-interface in a short distance. The remaining flow of the tributary crosses over inside large-scale lateral incursions farther downstream. The downwelling Mitis, upwelling Neigette and recirculatory cell interact to generate coherent streamwise vortical structures which assist in rapidly mixing the waters of the two rivers in the vicinity of the mixing-interface. Evidence of large-scale helical cells were not observed in the flow field. Results suggest that flow interaction with bathymetry, and both vertical and streamwise orientated coherent turbulent structures play important roles in mixing at confluences. Our findings strongly suggest that investigating mixing at confluences cannot be based solely on mean flow field variables as this approach can be misleading. Visualization of a confluence’s mixing processes as revealed by suspended sediment gradients captured in aerial drone imagery complemented with eddy-resolved numerical modelling of the underlying flow is a promising means to gain insights on the role of large-scale turbulent structures on mixing at confluences.</p>

scholarly journals Formation of RADARSAT backscatter feature and undulating firn stratigraphy at an ice-stream margin

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (64) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ng ◽  
Edward C. King
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Backscatter Intensity ◽  
Ice Stream

AbstractOn RADARSAT imagery, the southern margin of the onset zone of Bindschadler Ice Stream, West Antarctica, manifests a multi-banded feature, with brightness varying across the bands and oscillating along each band. Ground-based radar profiles across the margin reveal folds in the firn stratigraphy associated with this pattern and provide evidence for correlation between the depth of shallow isochrones and the RADARSAT backscatter intensity on each profile, allowing us to interpret the banded feature for firn-layer geometry in three dimensions. We use a kinematic model of isochrone depth evolution to show how layer folding and the band expression may result from deformation and advection in the near-surface flow field at ice-stream margins, even with steady flow. The model predicts the formation of longitudinally patterned bands when the ice-stream acceleration fluctuates along flow. Concerted study of the planform and stratigraphy of other RADARSAT-detected features on the ice sheets may help us understand their origin.

Effects of ground roughness on near-surface flow field of a tornado-like vortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Razavi ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Partha P. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Near Surface

A Laboratory Study of Sediment Transport in Free Surface Flow

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred D. Parr
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Local Scour ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Bed Load ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Bed Forms

This paper discusses an undergraduate fluid mechanics laboratory session. The lab allows the students to observe various sediment transport phenomena in a hands-on manner. The experiments are performed in a glass-walled, tilting sediment flume. The following sediment transport phenomena are created and observed by the students — bed load, suspended load, bed forms (ripples, dunes, antidunes...), surface waves over various bed forms and local scour at flow obstructions including bridge piers and abutments. Students are able to observe local scour using PVC pipes for bridge piers and dimension lumber for abutment scour. Since the flume is 12.2-m long, a large group of students can spread out along both sides of the flume to observe bed forms and to perform local scour tests.

Simulation of Impaction Between Liquid Droplet and Solid Particles Based on SPH Method

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Meng ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Seed Particle ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Spray Granulation

The phenomenon of impaction between liquid droplets and solid particles is involved in many scientific problems and engineering applications, such as impaction between sprayed droplet and solid particles in limestone injection desulfurization system and the collision between a droplet of the liquid to be granulated and a seed particle in fluidized bed spray granulation process. There are a lot of factors affected this phenomenon: droplet and particle size, momentum of both liquid droplet and solid particles, materials, surface conditions of the solid particles and so on. However the experimental or numerical researches have been done mostly pay attention to Specific application or process, so the impaction phenomenon has not been through studied, for example how different factors affected the impaction process with its effect on different applications. This paper focuses on the basic issue of interaction between droplet and solid particles. Three main factors were considered: ratio of diameter between the droplet and solid particle, relative velocity and the surface tension (including the contact angle between droplet and solid particle). All the study is based on simulation using SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) method, and the surface tension is simulated by particle-particle interaction.

A Model for the Effect of Velocity on Erosion of N80 Steel Tubing due to the Normal Impingement of Solid Particles

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Chase ◽  
E. F. Rybicki ◽  
J. R. Shadley
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Unknown Coefficient ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Erosion Behavior

As part of a combined experimental and computational study of erosion for gas and oil production conditions, a semi-empirical model has been developed to predict erosion ratio behaviors of metals due to solid particle impingement. One use of the model will be to reduce the total number of experiments needed to characterize erosion behavior. The model represents material property information associated with both the target material and the impinging particles, as well as impingement speed. Five different models are examined in terms of ability to predict erosion ratio behavior as a function of impingement speed. The model selected is based on a conservation of energy formulation and fracture mechanics considerations to predict the amount of material removed due to solid particle impingement. The resulting equation to predict the erosion ratio for a given particle size contains one unknown coefficient which is determined through comparison with experimental data. Illustrative examples are presented for data for two different sizes of glass bead solid particles in an oil carrier fluid impinging on an API (American Petroleum Institute) N80 grade steel target at an impingement angle 90 deg to the target surface. Using erosion data at one impingement speed to determine the unknown coefficient, the model was used to predict erosion behavior at a range of other speeds. Good agreement between the erosion ratio data and the values predicted by the model were found for two solid particle sizes. Recommendations for expanding the capabilities of the model are pointed out.

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