API 617’s Requirements on Centrifugal Compressors: A Purchaser’s Viewpoint

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Taherimoghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Operating Expenditures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Critical Sections ◽  
Specific Project

Centrifugal compressor’s long delivery times as well as high capital and operating expenditures have classified them as projects critical equipment. Purchasers normally employ American Petroleum Institute (API) standard API 617 as the convenient backbone for customizing their centrifugal compressor’s purchasing specification within oil, gas, and petrochemical industry. Centrifugal compressor’s mechanical and performance integrity guaranteed by the manufacturer at the contract stage is based on purchaser’s specific project requirements reflected in material requisition. Accordingly, purchasers share the responsibility of a suitable design. Among those API 617 clauses applicable to centrifugal compressors, some of them require purchaser’s decision on certain details and features, which should be finalized prior to order placement. It is tried to provide a perspective of the latest edition of API 617 (July 2002) as it is applied to centrifugal compressors from a purchaser’s viewpoint. Moreover, it attempts to address critical sections of the standard and share practical comments on specific clauses.

scholarly journals Team Collective Intelligence in Dynamically Complex Projects—A Shipbuilding Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-655
Author(s):  
Morten Juel Hansen ◽  
Hajnalka Vaagen ◽  
Kim van Oorschot
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Performance Pressure ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
Engineering Projects

In concurrent engineering projects driven by short delivery times, team performance rests on the team’s capability to quickly and effectively handle different, emergent issues. We conducted an exploratory study of a large, dynamically complex project in which team members had a record of “good problem-solving abilities.” The study revealed how the team members demonstrated a collective ability to swiftly handle emergent issues, which again decreased the intensity of time and performance pressure. Beyond formal processes combined with lean practices, supporting this ability were situation awareness, task-based subgroups, direct lines of communication, and trust.

Evolution of the American Petroleum Institute ANSI standard for fatigue risk management systems in the refining and petrochemical industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Angela Baker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Industry Associations

During the past five years, a broad international consensus has emerged in many 24/7 industries regarding the optimal way to manage and reduce employee fatigue risk: via a process called a fatigue risk management system (FRMS). Government regulatory agencies, industry associations and many businesses with 24/7 operations have recently incorporated an FRMS into their regulations, industry standards, and their corporate policies. The development of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) standard for FRMSs in the refining and petrochemical industries began after the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB) released its report on the 2005 Texas City Refinery explosion. The CSB report highlighted concerns about some of the operators on duty being on their 30th consecutive 12-hour shift. API decided to take a proactive approach and develop an industry standard by forming a committee of industry managers from many of the oil companies, union representatives, industry associations and scientific experts in circadian sleep physiology and fatigue in shiftwork operations. During the course of extensive consultations during a two year period, a clear consensus emerged that hours of service rules would be inadequate by themselves. A clear consensus emerged that a comprehensive scientifically-based, data driven FRMS was a superior and feasible tool for effectively managing fatigue risk. API developed a standards document published in April 2010 as API/ANSI RP-755 that makes FRMS the operating standard for managing employee fatigue risk in the refining and petrochemical industry. The extended abstract reviews the considerations that went into developing the ANSI standard, issues that were resolved and progress and hurdles faced by the many petrochemical companies as they are now progressively implementing ANSI RP-755 as a continuously-improving FRMS process.

Centrifugal Compressor Modifications and Their Effect on High-Frequency Pipe Wall Vibration

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Motriuk ◽  
D. P. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Vibration Attenuation ◽  
Internal Component ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Component Failures ◽  
Fatigue Failures

High-frequency pulsation generated by centrifugal compressors, with pressure wavelengths much smaller than the attached pipe diameter, can cause fatigue failures of the compressor internals, impair compressor performance, and damage the attached compressor piping. There are numerous sources producing pulsation in centrifugal compressors. Some of them are discussed in literature at large (Japikse, 1995; Niese, 1976). NGTL has experienced extreme high-frequency discharge pulsation and pipe wall vibration on many of its radial inlet high-flow centrifugal gas compressor facilities. These pulsations led to several piping attachment failures and compressor internal component failures while the compressor operated within the design envelope. This paper considers severe pulsation conditions at an NGTL compression facility which resulted in unacceptable piping vibration. Significant vibration attenuation was achieved by modifying the compressor (pulsation source) through removal of the diffuser vanes and partial removal of the inlet guide vanes (IGV). Direct comparison of the changes in vibration, pulsation, and performance are made for each of the modifications. The vibration problem, probable causes, options available to address the problem, and the results of implementation are reviewed. The effects of diffuser vane removal on discharge pipe wall vibration as well as changes in compressor performance are described.

Pre-Delivery Testing of Centrifugal Compressors Within the Petroleum Industry: A User’s View

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Taherimoghaddam ◽  
Halat Binaie
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Unit Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Capital Value

In oil and gas applications where centrifugal compressors play a central role, their availability is essential for continued production; typically the loss of a day’s revenue can far exceed the capital value of the machine. Performing more rigorous inspection and testing prior to accepting delivery of centrifugal compressors can reveal a fairly large percentage of mechanical and performance failures. This paper is devoted to illustrate the crucial importance of centrifugal compressors testing within the petroleum industry with a special attention to the performance test and complete-unit test.

scholarly journals Effect of Rotor–Stator Interaction on Impeller Performance in Centrifugal Compressors

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
L. He
Keyword(s):  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Steady Flows ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Rotor Stator Interaction ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unsteady Effects ◽  
Blade Row Interaction

A 3-D unsteady thin-layer Navier-Stokes code has been used to calculate the flow through a centrifugal compressor stage. The validation of the code for steady flows in centrifugal compressors was conducted for the Krain’s impeller with a vaneless diffuser as a test case and the numerical results were compared with the experimental results. The predicted flow field and performance agreed well with the experimental data. An unsteady stage solution was then conducted with this impeller followed by a generic low-solidity vaned-diffuser to examine the unsteady effects on the impeller performance. The computational results showed a stabilising effect of the blade row interaction.

Proposed Modifications to API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-for-Service

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Osage ◽  
Brian Macejko ◽  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
The Third ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
American Society ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Industry Needs

The first edition of API 579 Recommended Practice for Fitness-For-Service was published in 2000, and subsequently recognized as the de facto international fitness-for-Service standard in the refining and petrochemical industry. The second edition of this document, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service, was published in 2007 as a joint standard of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). The second edition included fitness-for-service assessment procedures applicable to other industries including fossil utility and pulp and paper. Work on the third edition of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 has begun with many planned technical improvements to further address industry needs. These improvements include the edition of a new part on fatigue evaluation, updates to the assessment procedures for crack-like flaws and remaining life assessments for components operating at elevated temperatures, and a rewrite of residual stress solutions for use in the evaluation of crack-like flaws based on the latest state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the third edition will be reorganized where by technical information currently placed in separate annexes that currently appear after all of the parts will be re-deployed as annexes to specific parts with a similar topic. This new organization will facilitate use and also simplify future updates to the document. An overview of proposed improvements to fitness-for-service technologies is provided along with a description of the new organization of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1.

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