Proposed Modifications to API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-for-Service

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Osage ◽  
Brian Macejko ◽  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
The Third ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
American Society ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Industry Needs

The first edition of API 579 Recommended Practice for Fitness-For-Service was published in 2000, and subsequently recognized as the de facto international fitness-for-Service standard in the refining and petrochemical industry. The second edition of this document, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service, was published in 2007 as a joint standard of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). The second edition included fitness-for-service assessment procedures applicable to other industries including fossil utility and pulp and paper. Work on the third edition of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 has begun with many planned technical improvements to further address industry needs. These improvements include the edition of a new part on fatigue evaluation, updates to the assessment procedures for crack-like flaws and remaining life assessments for components operating at elevated temperatures, and a rewrite of residual stress solutions for use in the evaluation of crack-like flaws based on the latest state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the third edition will be reorganized where by technical information currently placed in separate annexes that currently appear after all of the parts will be re-deployed as annexes to specific parts with a similar topic. This new organization will facilitate use and also simplify future updates to the document. An overview of proposed improvements to fitness-for-service technologies is provided along with a description of the new organization of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1.

SANICRO 31

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 31 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy having good resistance to corrosion and oxidation and good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. It is recommended for electrical sheathing, pyrometer tubes, equipment for heat treating and furnace tubes and other equipment in the petrochemical industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-172. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Consideration of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Calculation and Practical Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven H. Reese ◽  
Johannes Seichter ◽  
Dietmar Klucke
Keyword(s):  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Circuit Component ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Procedures

The influence of LWR coolant environment to the lifetime of materials has been discussed recent years. Nowadays the consideration of environmentally assisted fatigue is under consideration in Codes and Standards like ASME and the German KTA Rules (e.g. Standard No. 3201.2 and Standard No. 3201.4) by means of so called attention thresholds. Basic calculation procedures in terms of quantifying the influence of LWR coolant environment by the Fen correction factor were proposed by Higuchi and others and are given in NUREG/CR-6909. This paper deals with the application of the proposed assessment procedures of ANL and the application to plant conditions. Therefore conservative assessment procedures are introduced without assuming the knowledge of detailed stress and strain calculations or temperature transients. Additionally, detailed assessment procedures based on Finite-Element calculations, respecting in-service temperature measurements including thermal reference transients and complex operational loading conditions are carried out. Fatigue evaluation of a PWR primary circuit component is used in order to evaluate the influence of plant like conditions numerically. Conclusions regarding the practical application are drawn by means of comparing the ANL approach considering laboratory conditions, conservative assessment procedures for the determination of cumulative fatigue usage factors of plant components and detailed assessment procedures. Plant like loading conditions, complex component geometries, loading scenarios and reference temperature transients shall be taken into account. Practical issues like the determination of the mean temperature or the strain rate have to be considered adequately.

Fatigue Evaluation of API 12F Shop-Welded Tanks With a New Roof-to-Shell Junction Detail

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyi Feng ◽  
Sukru Guzey
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Liquid Height ◽  
Operation Pressure ◽  
Publishing Services ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

Abstract The American Petroleum Institute (API) provides a series of standards and specifications on storage tanks, in which the API 12F specification provides 12 tank designs that can be fabricated in the shop and transported to the field. The nominal capacity of the 12 API 12F tank designs ranges from 90 bbl (14.3 m3) to 1000 bbl (158.99 m3). The minimum required thickness and operational pressure levels that each tank case can sustain are given in Table 1 of the current 13th edition of API 12F (API, 2019, “API 12F Specification for Shop-Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids,” 13th ed., API Publishing Services, Washington, DC, Standard No. API 12F). The objective of this study is to estimate the fatigue life of API 12F tanks under normal operation pressure cycles following the procedure presented in ASME VIII-2. The stored liquid product specific gravity is assumed to be 1.2 when the liquid height is half of the tank height, while the specific gravity is assumed to be 0.7 when the stored liquid height is 18 in. (460 mm). Meanwhile, a new roof–shell attachment detail is proposed in this study, the new rectangular cleanout junction detail presented in the 13th edition of API 12F is modeled, and various component thickness combinations are considered to investigate the effect of component thickness on fatigue life. The roof–shell joint (top junction) and shell–bottom plate (bottom junction) are studied by axisymmetric models under axisymmetric idealization as they are away from the cleanout junction, while the cleanout junction is studied by applying a submodeling technique. Stress classification is performed at each location of interest to obtain the stress components to calculate the stress range within each loading cycle that is needed to perform fatigue evaluation. The results and discussion about fatigue evaluation of API 12F tanks are presented in this report.

scholarly journals Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Grażyna STRNAD
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Third ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Wave

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.

Leveraging HCA Results in an Advanced Pipeline Risk Assessment Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Huisman ◽  
Ricardo Almandoz ◽  
Thomas Schuster ◽  
Adriana Andrade Caballero ◽  
Leonardo Martinez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
South American ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

Pipeline risk analysis is a common step carried out by operators in their overall Pipeline Integrity Management Process. There is a growing realization among operators of the need to adopt more proactive risk management approaches. This has brought about increased demand for more quantitative models to support risk reduction decision-making. Consequences of failure are a key component of these models where enhanced quantitative approaches can be deployed. Impacts to the environment and upon populations are key issues which both operators and regulatory bodies seek to minimize. Pipeline risk models and High Consequence Area (HCA) analyses play an increasingly important role in this context by allowing operators to identify a range of potential scenarios and the relative impact to receptors based upon the best available data sources. This paper presents the process and results of an HCA analysis project carried out by ROSEN for a major South American state-owned pipeline operator (hereafter referred to as ‘the Client’). This analysis was implemented using automated GIS processing methods and includes HCA analyses for approximately 2354 km of pipeline. The analysis was based on industry standards for both liquid and gas pipelines (i.e. American Petroleum Institute (API) and American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME)), but customized for the specific needs of the Client and the South American geographical context. A key use for the results of this analysis is to serve as input for the pipeline risk assessment model jointly developed by ROSEN Integrity Solutions, MACAW Engineering and the Client. The methodology for development of this model is briefly discussed, and operational uses of HCA results are illustrated. The benefits of this project include, but are not limited to, identifying areas that could be severely impacted should a pipeline failure occur, being able to assess the risk profile of credible threats in HCAs, but also being able to prioritize preventative and mitigation measures at HCAs to either reduce the likelihood of failure or the impact of failure upon various receptors.

DOE-ASME Generation IV Materials Tasks

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. McGreevy ◽  
Robert I. Jetter
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Program Plan ◽  
American Society

The Department of Energy (DOE) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) wish to update and expand appropriate materials, construction and design codes for application in future Generation IV nuclear reactor systems that operate at elevated temperatures. The scope of interest addresses specific materials and design tasks, all of which are tied to the Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan. Many of the tasks are directly applicable to ASME Section III Subsection NH. The tasks are summarized and discussed with respect to Generation IV needs.

An Approach to Development of Manufacturing Data Report According to International Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Papatsorn Singhatham ◽  
Chokchai Singhatham ◽  
Niphaporn Panya ◽  
Salakchit Pukjaroon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
American Society

The research purposes to design, analyze and build a report (MDR) integrity. To use as the MDR prototype in accordance with international standards for industrial factories. The MDR is important to the operator of equipment, the factories, and petrochemical industry because of it is an index for the quality assurance, quality control of fabrication and planning of maintenance management (material upgrade/ equipment change) for safety during equipment operation. When the equipment has a problem we can check for cause from the fabrication history data on MDR. A survey was developed for people concerned with the MDR, totaling 141 people from 58 factories in Thailand industrial sector for find out the demands and problems on using the MDR. The result shows that preparation of the MDR can cost more than a week of time, with no clear pattern of standard format and require manpower more than 3 peoples. In summary, the development of the MDR prototype by comparative data between, the manufacturer, the Ministry of Industry of Thailand and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). The specialists who have the experience in the MDR to determine the completeness and validate all content in the MDR 15 chapters.

scholarly journals Value-Added Bio-Chemicals Commodities from Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Derived Furan-Compounds

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Aitziber Iriondo ◽  
Ion Agirre ◽  
Nerea Viar ◽  
Jesús Requies
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Near Future

The depletion of fossil resources in the near future and the need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions lead to the investigation of using alternative renewable resources as raw materials. One of the most promising options is the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (like forestry residues) into bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals. Among these products, the production of intermediate biochemicals has become an important goal since the petrochemical industry needs to find sustainable alternatives. In this way, the chemical industry competitiveness could be improved as bioproducts have a great potential market. Thus, the main objective of this review is to describe the production processes under study (reaction conditions, type of catalysts, solvents, etc.) of some promising intermediate biochemicals, such as; alcohols (1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,6-hexanetriol and pentanediols (1,2 and 1,5-pentanediol)), maleic anhydride and 5-alkoxymethylfuran. These compounds can be produced using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and/or furfural, which they both are considered one of the main biomass derived building blocks.

API 579: A Comprehensive Fitness-for-Service Standard

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Osage
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Damage Types ◽  
Service Inspection

An overview of API 579 Recommended Practice For Fitness-For-Service [1] is presented in this paper. This document was initially released in January of 2000 and since that time has become the de facto international fitness-for-service standard for the refining and petrochemical industry. Insights into the driving force to create API 579 and the activities of an MPC Joint Industry Project to initiate development of the new FFS technologies included in this publication are discussed. A detailed overview of API 579 is then given that covers applicability of the FFS assessment procedures, overall organization, the general assessment methodology used for all flaw and damage types, options for different assessment levels, remaining life and rerating issues, and the relationship with other existing FFS codes and standards. A discussion of the changes planned for the next release of API 579, efforts to validate the fitness-for-service technology incorporated in API 579, and a discussion of a new API document pertaining to damage mechanisms and the relationship to a fitness-for-service assessment are provided. Plans for a joint API and ASME standard and future directions of the API in-service inspection codes relative to API 579 and equipment integrity are also covered.

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