Accelerated Deterioration by Saltwater Ingestion in Gas Turbine Intake Air Filters

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Brekke ◽  
Lars E. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Different Levels

There is currently no international standard for evaluating and documenting the performance of the complete gas turbine intake air system in offshore applications. Several suppliers document the performance of their filters in accordance with applicable Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) air-filtration standards for general ventilation. These standards fail to address the offshore-specific challenges related to salt removal and moist and wet operation and cannot be used to accurately predict operational performance or life. It is therefore desirable to develop suitable test methods and standards that can be used to better predict operational performance and life before filters and complete inlet air systems are put into operation offshore. An experimental test rig has been built in the laboratory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in order to increase understanding of the fundamentals related to gas turbine inlet air filtration. This paper presents the results from an experimental test program where the test rig was used to evaluate the effect of accelerated deterioration of high-efficiency filter elements for gas turbine inlet air filtration. High-efficiency filter elements from different suppliers were deteriorated by ingesting a saltwater solution. The performance of the filters exposed to accelerated deterioration was evaluated for different levels of contamination and compared to the performance of filter elements that have accumulated comparable amounts of contaminants in offshore operation.

Field Experience With Gas Turbine Inlet Air Filtration

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Pulimood
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Turbine Inlet

This paper outlines the field experience gained from the modular retrofitting of four gas turbine inlet systems with a second stage high efficiency media filter to reduce gas turbine fouling conditions. The original gas turbine inlet systems were furnished with inertial filters. Within a few thousand hours of operation considerable gas turbine performance loss had occurred. Field inspection revealed excessive fouling of the gas generator axial compressor sections, and crusty dust particle build up within the gas turbine internals and thermocouples. A second-stage high efficiency media filter was retrofitted, to capture the fine dust particles that passed through the inertial filters. Follow-up inspection of the two-stage filter systems, after about 8000 hr of operation, disclosed little indication of the engine fouling conditions that were present prior to the retrofitting.

scholarly journals Testing of Ceramic Rotors: Hot Spin Test Rig and Rotor Preparation

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. DeBell ◽  
L. R. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ford Motor Company ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Turbine Rotors

A series of duo-density silicon nitride gas turbine rotors have been prepared for testing and tested at Ford Motor Company. The paper reviews the duo-density fabrication process, and covers in detail the rotor preparation process, which includes machining, inspection, and cold proof spinning. The paper describes the hot spin test rig used for the hot testing of the rotors, and summarizes the results of the hot spin test program.

Valveless-Gas-Turbine Combustors With Pressure Gain

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll D. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

A valveless combustor has been developed which has been tested at one to three atmospheres of pressure. It discharged combustion products at practical turbine-inlet temperatures and at a total pressure above that of the inlet. Developmental problems encountered and results are discussed. The smooth combustor cycle, a phased system of combustor tubes and pulsation traps, achieves steady flow at the inlet and outlet of the combustor system to preserve the high efficiency of today’s turbines and compressors. The combustor will soon be tested on a gas-turbine compressor to verify efficiency gain estimates.

Performance Deterioration of Intake Air Filters for Gas Turbines in Offshore Installations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Brekke ◽  
Lars E. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Performance Deterioration

Efficient inlet air filtration is a key element for limiting fouling, erosion, and corrosion in the compressor section of offshore gas turbine installations. Current filtration systems are normally successful in preventing serious erosion and corrosion problems in the compressor section, but significant performance deterioration caused by compressor fouling still remains a challenge. This performance deterioration increases fuel consumption and emissions and has a particularly severe economic impact when it reduces oil and gas production. Operating experience from different offshore installations has shown that the deterioration rate in gas turbine performance increases when the turbines are operating in wet or humid weather and that the differential pressure loss over the intake system is affected by ambient humidity. An experimental test rig has been built in the laboratory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in order to increase understanding of the fundamentals related to gas turbine inlet air filtration. This paper presents the results from an experimental investigation of the performance of gas turbine inlet air filter elements that have been in operation offshore. Performance under both dry and wet conditions is assessed. Different types of filter elements show significantly different changes in differential pressure signature when exposed to moisture, and all of the tested filter elements demonstrate a loss of accumulated contamination after operating in wet conditions. Hence, contaminants originally accumulated by the filter elements are re-entrained into the airstream on the downstream side of the filters when they are exposed to moisture. The change in differential pressure signature as a result of operating in wet conditions demonstrates another weakness of solely applying differential pressure for condition monitoring of the filter system.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Inlet Air Filtration in Marine Environments: Part I — Marine Aerosols and Equipment for Their Control

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Tatge ◽  
C. R. Gordon ◽  
R. S. Conkey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Marine Air

The chief mechanisms by which salt is introduced into marine air are examined, and the quantity and character of the salt are related to environmental conditions, height above the sea, and distance inland from the shore. Characteristics of commercially available moisture separators are described, and statistical descriptions of salt levels are calculated for representative applications.

Results and Experience From GE Energy’s MS5002E Gas Turbine Testing and Evaluation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele D’Ercole ◽  
Giovanni Biffaroni ◽  
Francesco Grifoni ◽  
Francesco Zanobini ◽  
Paolo Pecchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Two Stages

GE Energy’s new gas turbine, the MS5002E, is a 30 MW-class industrial gas turbine for mechanical drive and power generation applications. The MS5002E (fig.1) is the latest in the Frame5 two-shaft family and, while it retains some features from previous versions, the machine has been specifically designed for low environmental impact and high reliability, in direct response to customer demand for high efficiency and availability [1] & [2]. Main features for the MS5002E are: • 32 MW base load power at ISO inlet conditions (no losses); • 36% thermal efficiency; • 11-stage axial compressor and 17:1 pressure ratio; • reverse flow, six cans, Dry Low NOx (DLN2 technology) combustion system; • two-stages reaction type HP turbine; • two-stages PT leveraged from the LM2500+ HSPT (High Speed Power Turbine); • HP speed operating range 90% (6709rpm) / 101% (7529rpm); • PT speed operating range 50% (2857rpm) / 105% (6000rpm); • exhaust gas temperature (EGT): ∼510°C; • two-baseplates configuration (gas turbine flange-to-flange unit and auxiliary system); • integrated enclosure and baseplate, providing maximum accessibility for maintenance. The design of the MS5002E has been validated through an extensive test program which has included some key-test rigs such as the Rotordynamic Test, the CTV Test (full-scale axial compressor test) and numerous component and full-scale combustion tests in laboratory, conducted in advance of the First Engine to Test (FETT). The MS5002E First Engine to Test was initially started in January 2003 and the validation program has been completed with a full gas turbine teardown, dirty layout (visual and dimensional inspections for each major gas turbine component in as-is conditions) and NDT inspection in June 2004. During engine teardown, disassembly/assembly procedures and tools have been tested and validated. Additional endurance and operability testing is ongoing and will be completed by the end of 2005. The First Engine to Test is a complete equivalent-to-production package including gas turbine, auxiliaries and control system. For the test, a dedicated plateau has been built in Massa, Italy [3]. The gas turbine has been equipped with over 1400 direct measurement points (for a total of more than 2400 direct and indirect measurements) covering the flange-to flange, the package and auxiliaries. All critical-to-quality parameters, such as turbine gas path components temperatures and stresses, combustor temperatures and dynamics, performances and emissions, have been carefully verified by means of redundant instrumentation. This paper presents how the test program has been built on the GE Energy NPI (New Product Introduction) Development Process and how results from tests are fed back to the gas turbine design process. The paper discusses test rig and facilities layout, gas turbine operation experience and lessons learned. Results from the tests and measurements are also discussed.

scholarly journals Advantages of Air Conditioning and Supercharging an LM6000 Gas Turbine Inlet

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Kolp ◽  
Harold A. Guidotti ◽  
William M. Flye
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
New Generation

Of all the external factors affecting a gas turbine, inlet pressure and temperature have the greatest impact on performance. The effect of inlet temperature variations is especially pronounced in the new generation of high-efficiency gas turbines typified by the 40 MW GE LM6000. A reduction of 50 F (28 C) in inlet temperature can result in a 30% increase in power and a 4.5% improvement in heat rate. An elevation increase to 5000 feet (1524 meters) above sea level decreases turbine output 17%; conversely supercharging can increase output more than 20%. This paper addresses various means of heating, cooling and supercharging LM6000 inlet air. An economic model is developed and sample cases are cited to illustrate the optimization of gas turbine inlet systems, taking into account site conditions, incremental equipment cost and subsequent performance enhancement.

Advancements in Electrospun Nanofiber Technology Reduce Gas Turbine Compressor Fouling

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gahr ◽  
James D. Benson ◽  
Kristine Graham ◽  
Mark Gogins ◽  
Michael Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

It is well established that sub-micron ambient aerosol contamination of the intake air can produce fouling of the gas turbine compressor and result in a reduction of power output. Application of electrospun nanofibers of 0.25 micron diameter to a conventional filter media substrate has been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of gas turbine intake filters to remove sub-micron contaminate. The benefits of nanofiber filtration have been proven through use in gas turbine intake air filtration and other industrial and defense filtration applications for over twenty years. Recent advancements in electrospun nanofiber media technology have increased the filtering efficiency of gas turbine intake filters, with minimal differences in filter element pressure loss. These advances have also improved the durability of nanofibers in high temperature and high humidity applications. This paper discusses the laboratory testing that demonstrates these performance and durability improvements. A comparative field test program demonstrates the capability of nanofiber filtration to significantly reduce the fouling of gas turbine compressors.

2-Stage Air Filtration for Gas Turbine Naval Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca de Arcangelis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract Traditional air filtration systems for Gas Turbine Naval applications consist of 3 stages: 1st vane separator + pocket filter + 2nd vane separator. The 2nd vane separator is required to drain out droplets formed by the traditional pocket filter during its coalescing function. Further to technological advancements in the water repellency of filter media, as well as leak-free techniques, it is now possible to implement a pocket filter that avoids leaching water droplets downstream. This enables the elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator in the air filtration system. The result is a suitable 2-stage air filtration system. The elimination of the 3rd stage vane separator provides the obvious following advantages: • Reduced pressure drop • Reduced weight • Reduced foot-print • Reduced cost Latest technological advancements in water repellency and high efficiency melt-blown media also allow the attainment of higher performance such as: • Increased efficiency against water droplet and salt in wet state • Increased efficiency against dry salt and dust This results in higher cleanliness of the Gas Turbines with benefits in terms of compressor fouling, compressor blades corrosion and turbine blades hot erosion. Higher performance also results in simplified maintenance as technicians need only focus on the replacement of the elements as opposed to the cleaning and overhauling of the intake duct. The paper goes through the engineering challenges of evolving from a 3-stage to 2-stage filtration system. The paper provides data from testing at independent laboratories with results that back the claims. Furthermore, reference is made to Offshore Oil & Gas installations and testing that have proven successful with independently measured data.

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