Turbomachinery for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fuller ◽  
Jason Preuss ◽  
Jeff Noall
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
Machinery Design

Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycles offer high plant efficiencies and beneficial economics for variety of heat sources. Nuclear, solar, waste heat, energy storage, and clean coal combustion are some of the applications under consideration for S-CO2 power production. Different types of cycles, topping and bottoming, have been conceptualized based on the heat source. These cycles have the possibility of being economically beneficial and competitive against incumbent steam cycles, primarily due to reduced material costs. Often the turbo-machinery capabilities are overlooked during the cycle design process, or are not well understood. A method and guideline for turbo machinery selection is offered. Several examples are offered to give the S-CO2 cycle designer to judge the compatibility of the turbo-machinery with the overall system including type, size, and efficiency. The guideline includes turbo machinery design limitations. Understanding the turbo machinery implications relative to cycle design will allow the system designer to optimize the plant for efficiency and positive economic outcome.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide mixtures for organic power cycles using waste heat sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 1409 ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
C J Noriega Sanchez ◽  
N Afanador García ◽  
G Guerrero Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Power Cycles

scholarly journals On the Conceptual Design of Novel Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Manente ◽  
Mário Costa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Partial Heating ◽  
Single Flow

The supercritical CO2 power cycle (s-CO2) is receiving much interest in the utilization of waste heat sources in the medium-to-high temperature range. The low compression work and highly regenerative layout result in high thermal efficiencies, even at moderate turbine inlet temperatures. The capability of heat extraction from the waste heat source is, however, limited because the heat input takes place over a limited temperature range close to the maximum cycle temperature. Accordingly, novel s-CO2 layouts have been recently proposed, aimed at increasing the heat extraction from the heat source while preserving as much as possible the inherently high thermal efficiency. Among these, the most promising ones feature dual expansion, dual recuperation, and partial heating. This work concentrates on the conceptual design of these novel s-CO2 layouts using a systematic approach based on the superimposition of elementary thermodynamic cycles. The overall structure of the single flow split with dual expansion (also called cascade), partial heating, and dual recuperated cycles is decomposed into elementary Brayton cycles to identify the building blocks for the achievement of a high performance in the utilization of waste heat sources. A thermodynamic optimization is set up to compare the performance of the three novel layouts for utilization of high temperature waste heat at 600 °C. The results show that the single flow split with a dual expansion cycle provides 3% and 15% more power compared to the partial heating and dual recuperated cycles, respectively, and 40% more power compared to the traditional single recuperated cycle used as the baseline. The separate evaluation of thermal efficiency and heat recovery effectiveness shows the main reasons behind the achievement of the highest performance, which are peculiar to each novel layout.

Impact of Plant Siting on Performance and Economics of Indirect Supercritical CO2 Coal Fired Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep R. Pidaparti ◽  
Charles W. White ◽  
Nathan T. Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Indirect-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being explored as an attractive alternative to steam Rankine cycles for a variety of heat sources including fossil, concentrated solar power (CSP), nuclear, waste heat, etc. Due to the near-ambient CO2 critical temperature of 31°C, the effects of ambient temperature on sCO2 power cycles performance are expected to be more significant than for steam Rankine cycles. This study presents the impact of plant siting on the performance and economics of coal-fired utility scale power plants based on indirect sCO2 power cycles with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Four different plant sites across the United States have been selected for investigation: Chicago, IL; Kemmerer, WY; Houston, TX; Knoxville, TN. For each plant site, local parameters such as design ambient conditions, coal type and prices, captured CO2 transportation and storage (T&S) costs are considered for the techno-economic analyses (TEA). To determine the optimum plant design for each location, two power cycle configurations (recompression cycle, partial cooling cycle with reheat) and two cooling technologies (dry and adiabatic cooling) are examined. The optimization was conducted using automated derivative-free optimization (DFO) algorithms available under NETL’s Framework for Optimization and Quantification of Uncertainty and Sensitivity (FOQUS) platform. The optimization design variables include parameters such as turbine inlet temperatures and pressure, sCO2 cooler outlet temperatures, recuperators approach temperature and pressure drop etc. The study demonstrates the variability in optimal plant design for different ambient and fuel input conditions. The results will be used in future sCO2 technology market analyses.

High-Power Multi-Stage Rankine Cycles

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Ibrahim ◽  
S. A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Limit Power

This paper presents an analysis of the multi-stage Rankine cycle aiming at optimizing the power output from low-temperature heat sources such as geothermal or waste heat. A design methodology based on finite-time thermodynamics and the maximum power concept is used in which the shape and the power output of the maximum power cycle are identified and utilized to compare and evaluate different Rankine cycle configurations. The maximum power cycle provides the upper-limit power obtained from any thermodynamic cycle for specified boundary conditions and heat exchanger characteristics. It also provides a useful tool for studying power cycles and forms the basis for making design improvements.

The STEP 10 MWe sCO2 Pilot Demonstration Status Update

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marion ◽  
Brian Lariviere ◽  
Aaron McClung ◽  
Jason Mortzheim ◽  
Robin Ames
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A team led by Gas Technology Institute (GTI®), Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) and General Electric Global Research (GE-GR), along with the University of Wisconsin and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), is actively executing a project called “STEP” [Supercritical Transformational Electric Power project], to design, construct, commission, and operate an integrated and reconfigurable 10 MWe sCO2 [supercritical CO2] Pilot Plant Test Facility. The $122* million project is funded $84 million by the US DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL Award Number DE-FE0028979) and $38* million by the team members, component suppliers and others interested in sCO2 technology. The facility is currently under construction and is located at SwRI’s San Antonio, Texas, USA campus. This project is a significant step toward sCO2 cycle based power generation commercialization and is informing the performance, operability, and scale-up to commercial plants. Significant progress has been made. The design phase is complete (Phase 1) and included procurements of long-lead time deliver components. Now well into Phase 2, most major equipment is in fabrication and several completed and delivered. These efforts have already provided valuable project learnings for technology commercialization. A ground-breaking was held in October of 2018 and now civil work and the construction of a dedicated 25,000 ft2 building has progressed and is largely completed at the San Antonio, TX, USA project site. Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are Brayton cycles that utilize supercritical CO2 working fluid to convert heat to power. They offer the potential for higher system efficiencies than other energy conversion technologies such as steam Rankine or Organic Rankine cycles this especially when operating at elevated temperatures. sCO2 power cycles are being considered for a wide range of applications including fossil-fired systems, waste heat recovery, concentrated solar power, and nuclear power generation. By the end of this 6-year STEP pilot demo project, the operability of the sCO2 power cycle will be demonstrated and documented starting with facility commissioning as a simple closed recuperated cycle configuration initially operating at a 500°C (932°F) turbine inlet temperature and progressing to a recompression closed Brayton cycle technology (RCBC) configuration operating at 715°C (1319 °F).

Turbomachinery Flowpath Design and Performance Analysis for Supercritical CO2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Moroz ◽  
Boris Frolov ◽  
Maksim Burlaka ◽  
Oleg Guriev
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

The development of Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycles is currently a major focus of the engineering and scientific community. The reason for such a growing interest in this type of power can be explained by the significant benefits in size and efficiency of power cycles, which use S-CO2 as a working fluid, as compared to conventional steam power generation. Many areas of application such as nuclear, solar, waste heat, energy storage, and clean coal combustion, are being studied for S-CO2 power production. Most of the publications discussing S-CO2 are concentrated on optimization of the cycle’s thermodynamic characteristics, topping and bottoming and have been conceptualized based on the heat source. At the same time, numerous aspects of turbomachinery design are often overlooked or are not well understood. This article discusses some specific engineering aspects of the design of turbine flow path which uses S-CO2 as a working fluid. The following design options have been studied to determine the best turbine configuration: number of stages, rotational speed, impulse versus reaction, types of stages, and radial clearance influence. The effect of larger bending loads, resulting from high power density on nozzles and blade chords size and, consequently, turbine length, has also been studied. The authors hope that the results presented in the article will help the engineering community design better S-CO2 turbomachinery.

The STEP 10 MWe sCO2 Pilot Plant Demonstration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marion ◽  
Mike Kutin ◽  
Aaron McClung ◽  
Jason Mortzheim ◽  
Robin Ames
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A team led by Gas Technology Institute (GTI), Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) and General Electric Global Research (GE-GR), along with the University of Wisconsin and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), is actively executing a project called “STEP” [Supercritical Transformational Electric Power project], to design, construct, commission, and operate an integrated and reconfigurable 10 MWe sCO2 [supercritical CO2] Pilot Plant Test Facility located at SwRI’s San Antonio, Texas campus. The $119 million project is funded $84 million by the US DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL Award Number DE-FE0028979) and $35 million cost share by the team, component suppliers and others interested in sCO2 technology. This project is a significant step toward sCO2 cycle based power generation commercialization and will inform the performance, operability, and scale-up to commercial facilities. Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are Brayton cycles that utilize supercritical CO2 working fluid to convert heat into power. They offer the potential for higher system efficiencies than other energy conversion technologies such as steam Rankine or organic Rankine cycles, especially when operating at elevated temperatures. sCO2 power cycles are being considered for a wide range of applications including fossil-fired systems, waste heat recovery, concentrated solar power, and nuclear. The pilot plant design, procurement, fabrication, and construction are ongoing at the time of this publication. By the end of this 6-year project, the operability of the sCO2 power cycle will be demonstrated and documented starting with facility commissioning as a simple closed recuperated cycle configuration initially operating at a 500°C (932°F) turbine inlet temperature and progressing to a recompression closed Brayton cycle technology (RCBC) configuration operating at 715°C (1319 °F).

scholarly journals Supercritical Carbon Dioxide(s-CO2) Power Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery: A Review from Thermodynamic Perspective

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Liuchen Liu ◽  
Qiguo Yang ◽  
Guomin Cui
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
Cogeneration System

Supercritical CO2 power cycles have been deeply investigated in recent years. However, their potential in waste heat recovery is still largely unexplored. This paper presents a critical review of engineering background, technical challenges, and current advances of the s-CO2 cycle for waste heat recovery. Firstly, common barriers for the further promotion of waste heat recovery technology are discussed. Afterwards, the technical advantages of the s-CO2 cycle in solving the abovementioned problems are outlined by comparing several state-of-the-art thermodynamic cycles. On this basis, current research results in this field are reviewed for three main applications, namely the fuel cell, internal combustion engine, and gas turbine. For low temperature applications, the transcritical CO2 cycles can compete with other existing technologies, while supercritical CO2 cycles are more attractive for medium- and high temperature sources to replace steam Rankine cycles. Moreover, simple and regenerative configurations are more suitable for transcritical cycles, whereas various complex configurations have advantages for medium- and high temperature heat sources to form cogeneration system. Finally, from the viewpoints of in-depth research and engineering applications, several future development directions are put forward. This review hopes to promote the development of s-CO2 cycles for waste heat recovery.

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