Impact of Plant Siting on Performance and Economics of Indirect Supercritical CO2 Coal Fired Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep R. Pidaparti ◽  
Charles W. White ◽  
Nathan T. Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Indirect-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are being explored as an attractive alternative to steam Rankine cycles for a variety of heat sources including fossil, concentrated solar power (CSP), nuclear, waste heat, etc. Due to the near-ambient CO2 critical temperature of 31°C, the effects of ambient temperature on sCO2 power cycles performance are expected to be more significant than for steam Rankine cycles. This study presents the impact of plant siting on the performance and economics of coal-fired utility scale power plants based on indirect sCO2 power cycles with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Four different plant sites across the United States have been selected for investigation: Chicago, IL; Kemmerer, WY; Houston, TX; Knoxville, TN. For each plant site, local parameters such as design ambient conditions, coal type and prices, captured CO2 transportation and storage (T&S) costs are considered for the techno-economic analyses (TEA). To determine the optimum plant design for each location, two power cycle configurations (recompression cycle, partial cooling cycle with reheat) and two cooling technologies (dry and adiabatic cooling) are examined. The optimization was conducted using automated derivative-free optimization (DFO) algorithms available under NETL’s Framework for Optimization and Quantification of Uncertainty and Sensitivity (FOQUS) platform. The optimization design variables include parameters such as turbine inlet temperatures and pressure, sCO2 cooler outlet temperatures, recuperators approach temperature and pressure drop etc. The study demonstrates the variability in optimal plant design for different ambient and fuel input conditions. The results will be used in future sCO2 technology market analyses.

Design and Selection of Turbo-Machinery for Solar and Geothermal Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Applications

Several important sources of renewable energy, such as biomass, concentrated solar panels, waste heat, geothermal, or tidal, use different types of turbo-machinery for conversion to electrical power. The diverse nature of the heat sources and their cyclic behavior make the design of the turbo-machinery power generation equipment quite different than that of the steam turbines used in conventional power plants. The high capital cost of these renewable facilities and the limited hours of operation are powerful drivers to increase the turbo-machinery efficiency. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art hardware designs for each application from an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) Contractor’s perspective. Specifically for geothermal power, the discussion covers the application of working fluids other than steam, organic fluid, various mixtures of fluids etc. The benefits and limitations of each method are addressed, along with the impact of geothermal source flow and temperature on the cycle efficiency. The paper also covers the special requirements for single- and multiple-stage arrangements for geothermal applications. For concentrated thermal solar either in high-temperature applications, such as the power tower, or in medium-temperature applications, such as the solar troughs collector field, the paper addresses the unique requirements for performance, integration, and fast startup of the turbines, including the impact of various thermal storage options. Since most of the concentrated thermal solar applications are in arid regions, the paper discusses the heat sink selection (air-cooled condenser [ACC], hybrid, Heller tower, etc.) and how it impacts the plant design and performance. In conclusion, the paper deals with practical issues of achieving a balance between the economics of generation and cost of equipment and reliability for renewable power plants.

Aircraft Impact Considerations for NuScale SMR Plant Design

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. James ◽  
Josh Parker ◽  
Rick Hill ◽  
Jeremy Wiesner ◽  
John Groome
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Small Modular Reactors ◽  
Spent Fuel Pool ◽  
The Impact

All new nuclear power plants to be constructed and operated in the United States must meet regulatory requirements for aircraft impact from a large commercial aircraft under 10CFR50.150. Under the regulation, the applicant, using realistic analyses, must identify and incorporate into the design those design features and functional capabilities to show that, with reduced use of operator actions, 1) either the primary containment system remains intact or the reactor core remains cooled, and 2) either spent fuel cooling or spent fuel pool integrity is maintained. Small modular reactors have both advantages and disadvantages over conventional large plant designs in this regard. Small modular reactors generally have smaller footprints and can be configured where the reactor vessels and containment systems are entirely below grade. This minimizes the exposed structure that houses the reactors and spent fuel pool, which generally means that the structural configuration can be more efficiently hardened to resist the impact forces without excessive costs. However, the smaller footprint also means that transmission of shock through the structure can affect more safety equipment than in the larger conventional plant where the safety related equipment for the divisions are physically farther apart. Modular designs by nature tend to have all associated safety equipment together for each reactor module. Larger plants may be more tolerant for allowing internal damage and controlling ensuing fire due to perforation of aircraft wreckage at some strike locations, whereas the smaller footprints for small modular reactors could mean more systems are at risk if the reactor building is not hardened to prevent perforation. This paper presents design considerations employed for the NuScale 12 Module Power Plant in regards to aircraft impact requirements.

The STEP 10 MWe sCO2 Pilot Plant Demonstration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marion ◽  
Mike Kutin ◽  
Aaron McClung ◽  
Jason Mortzheim ◽  
Robin Ames
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A team led by Gas Technology Institute (GTI), Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) and General Electric Global Research (GE-GR), along with the University of Wisconsin and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), is actively executing a project called “STEP” [Supercritical Transformational Electric Power project], to design, construct, commission, and operate an integrated and reconfigurable 10 MWe sCO2 [supercritical CO2] Pilot Plant Test Facility located at SwRI’s San Antonio, Texas campus. The $119 million project is funded $84 million by the US DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL Award Number DE-FE0028979) and $35 million cost share by the team, component suppliers and others interested in sCO2 technology. This project is a significant step toward sCO2 cycle based power generation commercialization and will inform the performance, operability, and scale-up to commercial facilities. Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are Brayton cycles that utilize supercritical CO2 working fluid to convert heat into power. They offer the potential for higher system efficiencies than other energy conversion technologies such as steam Rankine or organic Rankine cycles, especially when operating at elevated temperatures. sCO2 power cycles are being considered for a wide range of applications including fossil-fired systems, waste heat recovery, concentrated solar power, and nuclear. The pilot plant design, procurement, fabrication, and construction are ongoing at the time of this publication. By the end of this 6-year project, the operability of the sCO2 power cycle will be demonstrated and documented starting with facility commissioning as a simple closed recuperated cycle configuration initially operating at a 500°C (932°F) turbine inlet temperature and progressing to a recompression closed Brayton cycle technology (RCBC) configuration operating at 715°C (1319 °F).

scholarly journals Comparison and Evaluation of Domestic and Foreign Radiation Environmental Standards for Nuclear Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022020
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Yu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Radioactive Effluent ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With the development of the nuclear energy industry and the increasing demand for environmental protection, the impact of nuclear power plant radiation on the environment has gradually entered the public view. This article combs the nuclear power plant radiation environmental management systems of several countries, takes the domestic and foreign management of radioactive effluent discharge from nuclear power plants as a starting point, analyses and compares the laws and standards related to radioactive effluents from nuclear power plants in France, the United States, China, and South Korea. In this paper, the management improvement of radioactive effluent discharge system of Chinese nuclear power plants has been discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution on the Health of the Population in Parts of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6454
Author(s):  
Radim J. Sram
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Thirty years ago, Northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic was one of the most air polluted areas in Europe. After political changes, the Czech government put forward a research program to determine if air pollution is really affecting human health. This program, later called the “Teplice Program”, was initiated in collaboration with scientists from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This cooperation made possible the use of methods on the contemporary level. The very high concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the air showed, for the first time, the impact of air pollutants on the health of the population in mining districts: adverse pregnancy outcomes, the impact of air pollution on sperm morphology, learning disabilities in children, and respiratory morbidity in preschool children. A surprising result came from the distribution of the sources of pollution: 70% of PM10 pollution came from local heating and not from power plants as expected. Thanks to this result, the Czech government supported changes in local heating from brown coal to natural gas. This change substantially decreased SO2 and PM10 pollution and affected mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality.

CO2 Capture and Storage from Flue Gas Using Novel Gas Hydrate-Based Technologies and Their Associated Impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband ◽  
Katriona Edlmann ◽  
Jinhai Yang ◽  
Bahman Tohidi ◽  
Evgeny Chuvilin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrate Reservoirs

<p>Power plants emit large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels, leading to accumulation of increased greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. Global climate changing has led to increasing global mean temperatures, particularly over the poles, which threatens to melt gas hydrate reservoirs, releasing previously trapped methane and exacerbating the situation.  Here we used gas hydrate-based technologies to develop techniques for capturing and storing CO<sub>2</sub> present in power plant flue gas as stable hydrates, where CO<sub>2</sub> replaces methane within the hydrate structure. First, we experimentally measured the thermodynamic properties of various flue gases, followed by modelling and tuning the equations of state. Second, we undertook proof of concept investigations of the injection of CO2 flue gas into methane gas hydrate reservoirs as an option for economically sustainable production of natural gas as well as carbon capture and storage. The optimum injection conditions were found and reaction kinetics was investigated experimentally under realistic conditions. Third, the kinetics of flue gas hydrate formation for both the geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> and the secondary sealing of CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> release in one simple process was investigated, followed by a comprehensive investigation of hydrate formation kinetics using a highly accurate in house developed experimental apparatus, which included an assessment of the gas leakage risks associated with above processes.  Finally, the impact of the proposed methods on permeability and mechanical strength of the geological formations was investigated.</p>

scholarly journals Trends in OMI NO<sub>2</sub> observations over the United States: effects of emission control technology and the economic recession

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 12197-12209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Russell ◽  
L. C. Valin ◽  
R. C. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Observations of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities over the United States (US) for 2005–2011 are evaluated using the OMI Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) retrieval algorithm. We assess changes in NO2 on day-of-week and interannual timescales to assess the impact of changes in emissions from mobile and non-mobile sources on the observed trends. We observe consistent decreases in cities across the US, with an average total reduction of 32 ± 7% across the 7 yr. Changes for large power plants have been more variable (−26 ± 12%) due to regionally-specific regulation policies. An increasing trend of 10–20% in background NO2 columns in the northwestern US is observed. We examine the impact of the economic recession on emissions and find that decreases in NO2 column densities over cities were moderate prior to the recession (−6 ± 5% yr−1), larger during the recession (−8 ± 5% yr−1), and then smaller after the recession (−3 ± 4% yr−1). Differences in the trends observed on weekdays and weekends indicate that prior to the economic recession, NO2 reductions were dominated by technological improvements to the light-duty vehicle fleet but that a decrease in diesel truck activity has contributed to emission reductions since the recession. We use the satellite observations to estimate a 34% decrease in NO2 from mobile sources in cities for 2005–2011 and use that value to infer changes in non-mobile sources. We find that reductions in NO2 from non-mobile sources in cities have been both more modest and more variable than NO2 reductions from mobile sources (−10 ± 13%).

Turbomachinery for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fuller ◽  
Jason Preuss ◽  
Jeff Noall
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
Machinery Design

Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycles offer high plant efficiencies and beneficial economics for variety of heat sources. Nuclear, solar, waste heat, energy storage, and clean coal combustion are some of the applications under consideration for S-CO2 power production. Different types of cycles, topping and bottoming, have been conceptualized based on the heat source. These cycles have the possibility of being economically beneficial and competitive against incumbent steam cycles, primarily due to reduced material costs. Often the turbo-machinery capabilities are overlooked during the cycle design process, or are not well understood. A method and guideline for turbo machinery selection is offered. Several examples are offered to give the S-CO2 cycle designer to judge the compatibility of the turbo-machinery with the overall system including type, size, and efficiency. The guideline includes turbo machinery design limitations. Understanding the turbo machinery implications relative to cycle design will allow the system designer to optimize the plant for efficiency and positive economic outcome.

Comparison of Analytical Methods to Study the Impact of a Postulated Closure Head Drop Accident on the Structural Integrity of the Bottom-Mounted Instrumentation System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Castillo ◽  
Geoffrey M. Loy ◽  
Joseph M. Remic ◽  
David P. Molitoris ◽  
George J. Demetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
The Impact

During typical nuclear power plant refueling activities for a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the reactor vessel closure head assembly must be removed from the reactor vessel (RV), transported for storage, and returned to the RV after refueling. This is categorized as a critical heavy load lift in NUREG-0612 [1] because a drop accident could result in damage to the components required to cool the fuel in the RV core. In order to mitigate the potentially severe consequences of a closure head drop, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has mandated that nuclear power plants upgrade to a single failure-proof crane, show single failure-proof crane equivalence, or perform a head drop analysis to demonstrate that the core remains covered with coolant and sufficient cooling is available after the head drop accident. The primary coolant-retaining components associated with the RV are the inlet and outlet nozzles and the hot and cold leg main loop piping. Typical head drop analyses have considered these components to ensure that their structural integrity is maintained. One coolant-retaining component that has not been included in head drop evaluations on a consistent basis is the bottom-mounted instrumentation (BMI) system. In a typical Westinghouse PWR, 50 to 60 BMI nozzles are connected through the bottom hemisphere of the RV to one-inch diameter guide tubes which run under the vessel to a seal table above. Failure of the BMI system has the potential to adversely affect core coolability, especially if multiple failures are postulated within the system. A study was performed to compare static and dynamic methods of analyzing the effects of a head drop accident on the structural integrity of the BMI system. This paper presents the results of that study and assesses the adequacy of each method. Acceptability of the BMI system pressure boundary is based on the Nuclear Energy Institute Initiative (NEI 08–05 [2]) criteria for coolant-retaining components, which are based on Section III, Appendix F of the ASME Code [3].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document