Alternative Microturbine Fuels Feasibility Study Through Thermal Stability, Material Compatibility and Engine Testing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arias Quintero ◽  
J. Schmitt ◽  
R. Blair ◽  
J. Kapat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Historically, gas turbine fuels have been procured based on availability and low cost criteria. But in the last few decades, with the growing concern over the negative environmental impacts produced by emissions, alternative fuels have been developed and tested with the objective to reduce such negative effects. Physical properties and the broad chemical composition, including trace elements, may result in engine performance issues found only after extensive operation. This, in turn, results in higher maintenance and operation costs. This paper studies the feasibility for microturbine application of several renewable fuels, identifying key relationships between physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, materials compatibility, and turbine performance.

Alternative Microturbine Fuels Feasibility Study Through Thermal Stability, Material Compatibility, and Engine Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Arias Quintero ◽  
Joshua Schmitt ◽  
Richard Blair ◽  
Jayanta Kapat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Historically, gas turbine fuels have been procured based on availability and low cost criteria. However,in the past few decades, with the growing concern over the negative environmental impacts produced by emissions, alternative fuels have been developed and tested under the objective of reducing such negative effects. The physical properties and broad chemical composition of fuels, including trace elements, may result in engine performance issues found only after extensive operation. This, in turn, results in higher maintenance and operation costs. This paper studies the feasibility of several renewable fuels for microturbine application, identifying key relationships between the physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, materials compatibility, and turbine performance.

scholarly journals Posidonia-based Compost as a Peat Substitute for Lettuce Transplant Production

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1438-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Mininni ◽  
Pietro Santamaria ◽  
Hamada M. Abdelrahman ◽  
Claudio Cocozza ◽  
Teodoro Miano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Posidonia [Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile] is a marine phanerogam endemic of the Mediterranean Sea that grows all along the coast forming extensive underwater meadows. Senescent posidonia leaves, together with fibers (residues of rhizomes and decomposed leaves), periodically accumulate along Mediterranean beaches, covering vast areas of coast. Removal and disposal of these large volumes of plant biomasses represent a high cost for local administrations. Therefore, in this experiment, beached residues of posidonia were composted with olive pruning and green wastes with the objective to assess the efficacy of posidonia-based compost (63% on a volume basis) as a peat replacement. The compost was then mixed with a peat-based commercial substrate at rates of 0% (C0, pure peat-based commercial substrate tested as control), 25% (C25), 50% (C50), 75% (C75), and 100% (C100, pure posidonia-based compost) v/v. Mixtures were used as growing media to produce lettuce seedlings for transplant. Two lettuce cultivars (8511RZ and Satine) were tested. Main physical and chemical properties of the five growing media, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf area, root morphology, and elemental leaf tissue composition were studied. Growing media containing posidonia-based compost, C25 and C50 in particular, showed good physical properties. Increasing compost proportions in the mixtures resulted in enhanced: 1) availability of macro- and micronutrients in the growing media; and 2) overall growth parameters of lettuce seedlings, in particular for the cultivar Satine. In conclusion, posidonia-based compost shows a considerable potential as a peat substitute in horticultural substrates; posidonia residues are a low-cost renewable material. In growing media for lettuce seedlings production, posidonia-based compost could be used as a complement to peat at a rate of 25% or 50% to obtain optimal physical properties and to limit the negative effects of high B content, which are typical of posidonia residues.

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽  
Catalin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Wind Characteristic ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

scholarly journals Some physical and chemical properties of substrates designed for container production of spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst)

2004 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Vesna Vratusa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Efficient nursery production of woody plants, as well as the level of their successful application in urban green spaces, greatly depends upon properties of substrates in which these individuals grow, develop and endure. Furthermore, quality of substrate does not only affect the quality of future product (plant individual or green space), but distinctly determines its price. This element, extremely significant for all countries in transition, thus Serbia as well, commands finding ways of making qualitative, but least expensive substrate. The most logical solution is to use mixtures/substrates of precisely defined properties, composed of domestic components. Results presented in this paper imply that it is possible to create precisely such standard mixtures from domestic resources at relatively low cost, adjusted to needs of particular species, which would ultimately lead to successful, non-expensive nursery production and application of produced stock, both on domestic and foreign markets.

scholarly journals M-Polynomials and Associated Topological Indices of Sodalite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Kashif Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Topological Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural zeolites are commonly described as macromolecular sieves. Zeolite networks are very trendy chemical networks due to their low-cost implementation. Sodalite network is one of the most studied types of zeolite networks. It helps in the removal of greenhouse gases. To study this rich network, we use an authentic mathematical tool known as M-polynomials of the topological index and show some physical and chemical properties in numerical form, and to understand the structure deeply, we compare different legitimate M-polynomials of topological indices, concluding in the form of graphical comparisons.

Training Future Gas Turbine Performance Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pachidis ◽  
P. Pilidis ◽  
I. Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
The Uk

The performance analysis of modern gas turbine engine systems has led industry to the development of sophisticated gas turbine performance simulation tools and the utilization of skilled operators who must possess the ability to balance environmental, performance and economic requirements. Academic institutions, in their training of potential gas turbine performance engineers have to be able to meet these new challenges, at least at a postgraduate level. This paper describes in detail the “Gas Turbine Performance Simulation” module of the “Thermal Power” MSc course at Cranfield University in the UK, and particularly its practical content. This covers a laboratory test of a small Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) gas turbine engine, the simulation of the ‘clean’ engine performance using a sophisticated gas turbine performance simulation tool, as well as the simulation of the degraded performance of the engine. Through this exercise students are expected to gain a basic understanding of compressor and turbine operation, gain experience in gas turbine engine testing and test data collection and assessment, develop a clear, analytical approach to gas turbine performance simulation issues, improve their technical communication skills and finally gain experience in writing a proper technical report.

scholarly journals Basic Materials Studies of Lanthanide Halide Scintillators

2007 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Doty ◽  
Douglas McGregor ◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Kip Findley ◽  
Raulf Polichar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anisotropic Plasticity ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Perfect Cleavage ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractCerium and lanthanum tribromides and trichlorides form isomorphous alloys with the hexagonal UCl3 type structure, and have been shown to exhibit high luminosity and proportional response, making them attractive alternatives for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy. However the fundamental physical and chemical properties of this system introduce challenges for material processing, scale-up, and detector fabrication. In particular, low fracture stress and perfect cleavage along prismatic planes cause profuse cracking during and after crystal growth, impeding efforts to scale this system for production of low cost, large diameter spectrometers. We have reported progress on basic materials science of the lanthanide halides. Studies to date have included thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses, hygroscopicity, yield strength, and fracture toughness. The observed mechanical properties pose challenging problems for material production and post processing; therefore, understanding mechanical behavior is key to fabricating large single crystals, and engineering of robust detectors and systems. Analysis of the symmetry and crystal structure of this system, including identification of densely-packed and electrically neutral planes with slip and cleavage, and comparison of relative formation and propagation energies for proposed slip systems, suggest possible mechanisms for deformation and crack initiation under stress. The low c/a ratio and low symmetry relative to traditional scintillators indicate limited and highly anisotropic plasticity cause redistribution of residual process stress to cleavage planes, initiating fracture. Ongoing work to develop fracture resistant lanthanide halides is presented.

Degradation of Colored Polystyrene Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Mônica Regina Silva de Araujo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Crystal Violet Dye ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Polystyrene is commercial polymer of extensive use in industrial scale due to great physical and chemical properties and low cost. Lifespan of polymer materials can be changed by incorporation of additions to polymeric matrix.The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of crystal violet dye in polystyrene matrices when irradiated by visible radiation. The samples were studied in the form of films, in which solution of crystal violet (5.0x10-4mol.L-1) was added to the PS solution (8% w / w). The films were irradiated with commercial lamp for 150 hours and analyzed with UV-Vis and FTIR. The results showed that the dye degraded at a rate of 16%, however the FTIR analysis revealed that polystyrene did not degrade under the conditions studied, since no formation of carbonyl compounds was observed.

scholarly journals Chitosan–Starch Films Modified with Natural Extracts to Remove Heavy Oil from Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Lozano-Navarro ◽  
Nancy P. Díaz-Zavala ◽  
José A. Melo-Banda ◽  
Carlos Velasco-Santos ◽  
Francisco Paraguay-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Chitosan films were used to remove heavy oil from connate water, deionized water, and seawater. In this research, chitosan–starch films were modified with natural extracts from cranberry, blueberry, beetroot, pomegranate, oregano, pitaya, and grape. These biodegradable, low-cost, eco-friendly materials show an important oil sorption capacity from different water conditions. It was observed that the sorption capacity has a clear correlation with the extract type, quantity, and water pH. In order to understand the physical and chemical properties of the films, they were analyzed according to their apparent density, water content, solubility, and swelling degree by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), and the determination of surface area using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. The results indicate that chitosan–starch films modified with natural extracts can be successfully applied for environmental issues such as oil spill remedy.

Study the Effects of Different Surfactants on Hydrophilicity of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojjat Madadi ◽  
Jasmina Casals-Terré
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Highly Hydrophobic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The outstanding characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) caused its extensive use as base material to manufacture microfluidic devices. PDMS has numerous advantages coming from instinct properties such as its low cost, simple fabrication procedure, and robust nature that make it a compatible material in many applications such as biological and biomedical engineering. In spite of favorable physical and chemical properties, hydrophobic surface of PDMS is sometimes debatable. Because of PDMS is highly hydrophobic, pumping aqueous solution through microchannels using only capillary forces might be difficult. Although many surface treatments methods have been proposed to modify and increase the hydrophilicity of PDMS [Oxygen plasma [1], UV-radiation [2], Silanization and Chemical vapour deposition [3],…], the use of surfactants is the most effective and easiest method to overcome the hydrophobicity compared to more complex protocols which require expensive facilities [4,5]. The hydrophilic behavior of surfactant-added PDMS and especially its biocompatibility has allowed many microfluidic bio-applications such as separation of biomolecules [6,7], blood cell separation [8] and cell-based assay [9,10]. This paper discusses about the efficiency of adding different surfactants on the wettability of PDMS.

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