Study the Effects of Different Surfactants on Hydrophilicity of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

The outstanding characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) caused its extensive use as base material to manufacture microfluidic devices. PDMS has numerous advantages coming from instinct properties such as its low cost, simple fabrication procedure, and robust nature that make it a compatible material in many applications such as biological and biomedical engineering. In spite of favorable physical and chemical properties, hydrophobic surface of PDMS is sometimes debatable. Because of PDMS is highly hydrophobic, pumping aqueous solution through microchannels using only capillary forces might be difficult. Although many surface treatments methods have been proposed to modify and increase the hydrophilicity of PDMS [Oxygen plasma [1], UV-radiation [2], Silanization and Chemical vapour deposition [3],…], the use of surfactants is the most effective and easiest method to overcome the hydrophobicity compared to more complex protocols which require expensive facilities [4,5]. The hydrophilic behavior of surfactant-added PDMS and especially its biocompatibility has allowed many microfluidic bio-applications such as separation of biomolecules [6,7], blood cell separation [8] and cell-based assay [9,10]. This paper discusses about the efficiency of adding different surfactants on the wettability of PDMS.

Some physical and chemical properties of substrates designed for container production of spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst)

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0490079v ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Vesna Vratusa

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Foreign Markets ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Nursery Production ◽

Countries In Transition ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Efficient nursery production of woody plants, as well as the level of their successful application in urban green spaces, greatly depends upon properties of substrates in which these individuals grow, develop and endure. Furthermore, quality of substrate does not only affect the quality of future product (plant individual or green space), but distinctly determines its price. This element, extremely significant for all countries in transition, thus Serbia as well, commands finding ways of making qualitative, but least expensive substrate. The most logical solution is to use mixtures/substrates of precisely defined properties, composed of domestic components. Results presented in this paper imply that it is possible to create precisely such standard mixtures from domestic resources at relatively low cost, adjusted to needs of particular species, which would ultimately lead to successful, non-expensive nursery production and application of produced stock, both on domestic and foreign markets.

M-Polynomials and Associated Topological Indices of Sodalite Materials

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/5924409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ghazanfar Abbas ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim ◽

Ali Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Azeem ◽

Kashif Elahi

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Topological Index ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Topological Indices ◽

Mathematical Tool ◽

Natural Zeolites ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Natural zeolites are commonly described as macromolecular sieves. Zeolite networks are very trendy chemical networks due to their low-cost implementation. Sodalite network is one of the most studied types of zeolite networks. It helps in the removal of greenhouse gases. To study this rich network, we use an authentic mathematical tool known as M-polynomials of the topological index and show some physical and chemical properties in numerical form, and to understand the structure deeply, we compare different legitimate M-polynomials of topological indices, concluding in the form of graphical comparisons.

Degradation of Colored Polystyrene Films

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 930 ◽

pp. 254-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽

Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽

Mônica Regina Silva de Araujo ◽

Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho ◽

João Sammy Nery de Souza

Keyword(s):

Crystal Violet ◽

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Visible Radiation ◽

No Formation ◽

Crystal Violet Dye ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Polystyrene is commercial polymer of extensive use in industrial scale due to great physical and chemical properties and low cost. Lifespan of polymer materials can be changed by incorporation of additions to polymeric matrix.The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of crystal violet dye in polystyrene matrices when irradiated by visible radiation. The samples were studied in the form of films, in which solution of crystal violet (5.0x10-4mol.L-1) was added to the PS solution (8% w / w). The films were irradiated with commercial lamp for 150 hours and analyzed with UV-Vis and FTIR. The results showed that the dye degraded at a rate of 16%, however the FTIR analysis revealed that polystyrene did not degrade under the conditions studied, since no formation of carbonyl compounds was observed.

Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Davide Piccinino ◽

Eliana Capecchi ◽

Elisabetta Tomaino ◽

Sofia Gabellone ◽

Valeria Gigli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Uv Shielding ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Nanoscale Level

Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.

Research on the Evaluation of the Soil Quality in the Evolution of Ecological Slope-Protected Base Material

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.274 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 193-194 ◽

pp. 274-278

Author(s):

Yue Shu Yang ◽

Wen Nian Xu ◽

Zhen Yao Xia ◽

Qi Yang

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Index System ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Base Material ◽

Evaluation Index System ◽

Soil Quality Index ◽

Concrete Base ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Two vegetation-growing concrete slopes completed are chosen as research objects and the Analytical Hierarchy Process method is adopted to establish the evaluation index system, aiming at quantifying the physical and chemical properties of the base material and analyzing the results contrastively. The study shows that the physical and chemical properties of vegetation-growing concrete base material keep improving with the growth of time to better adapt to the growth of vegetation. This evaluation results tally with the actual situation of the sample sites, which suggests that this base material soil quality index system has great practical value. The differences occurring in the evaluation value of two pieces of sample sites suggest that regional environment is the main factor to affect the quality of vegetation-growing concrete base material.

Effect of Straw Checkerboards on Wind Proofing, Sand Fixation, and Ecological Restoration in Shifting Sandy Land

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15102184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2184 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shuai Zhang ◽

Guo-dong Ding ◽

Ming-han Yu ◽

Guang-lei Gao ◽

Yuan-yuan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Ecological Restoration ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sandy Land ◽

Windblown Sand ◽

Shifting Sand ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Due to their simple layout and adaptability to various environments, straw checkerboards are widely used to control windblown sand in China. To fully understand the wind proofing and sand-fixing benefits of different board specifications, and to determine the restorative effects of straw checkerboard, we tested different sizes of checkerboard, determined their performance as a windbreak and in trapping shifting sand, and constructed models based on wind tunnel tests, enabling the wind speed flow field to be analysed. We also sampled the soil in areas where straw checkerboards had been established for several years and analysed the trends in soil physical and chemical properties over time. We found that all sizes of straw checkerboard effectively reduced the wind speed near the surface and formed a protected area, with the best protective effect achieved for a one-meter board. All sizes of straw checkerboard effectively intercepted windblown sand to form surface accumulation, with the one-meter board again showing the best performance. The use of a straw checkerboard also effectively improved the physical and chemical properties of soil and promoted ecological restoration. These results indicate that straw checkerboards are a low-cost engineering measure that could play an important role in desertification control and the ecological restoration of sandy land ecosystems.

Variability of Physical and Chemical Properties of TLUD Stove Derived Biochars

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10020507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Federico Masís-Meléndez ◽

Diana Segura-Chavarría ◽

Carlos A García-González ◽

Jaime Quesada-Kimsey ◽

Karolina Villagra-Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Sem Images ◽

Skeletal Density ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Operating Temperatures ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material, obtained by the thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment, used as a soil amendment to stimulate soil fertility and improve soil quality. There is a clear need in developing countries for access to low cost, low technology options for biochar production, for example, top-lit updraft (TLUD) stoves, which are popular and spread worldwide. However, TLUD biochars are inevitably very variable in their properties for a variety of reasons. We present laboratory triplicate tests carried out on TLUD biochars obtained from waste pinewood and a Guadua bamboo. Analyzed properties include specific surface area (A-BET), porosity, skeletal density, hydrophobicity, proximal and elemental composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), relative liming capacity and pH. SEM images of the bamboo and wood biochars are compared. The biochars were mixed with composted human excreta at 5% and 10% biochar content, and available water content (AWC) was analyzed. Operating temperatures in the TLUD were recorded, showing different behaviors among the feedstocks during the process. Differences in operating temperatures during charring of the bamboo samples seem to have led to differences in A-BET, hydrophobicity and CEC, following unprecedented trends. For the mixtures of the biochars with compost, at 5% biochar no significant differences were observed for AWC. However, in the 10% biochar mixtures, bamboo biochar showed an unexpectedly high AWC. Overall, variations of chemical and physical properties between bamboo biochars were greater, while pinewood biochars showed similar properties, consistent with more homogeneous charring temperatures.

Research Progress of Tungsten Nanorods and Nanoplatelets

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.552 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 552-555

Author(s):

Ai Min Jiang ◽

Xian Quan Jiang ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Rong Jie Yang ◽

Rong Yu

Keyword(s):

Tungsten Carbide ◽

Vapour Deposition ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Research Progress ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Production Methods ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Nanostructured Tungsten Carbide ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Because of the characteristics of both one dimensional nanostructure and excellent physical and chemical properties, the kinds of novel nanomaterials-tungsten carbide nanowires, have important academic significance and practical meaning. The research development of one-dimensional nanostructured tungsten carbide is reviewed. The production methods of one-dimensional nanostructured tungsten carbide, such as nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires and nanoneedles by thermal decomposition technique, vapour deposition technique, magnetron sputtering technique, Eruptive heating technique and template technique respectively are systematically introduced. This paper summarizes the growth mechanisms and the problems involved in the existing synthesis methods. The research tendency is also forecasted.

Fabrication of Tubular Mullite-Alumina Porous Ceramics by Polymer-Aided Extrusion

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.333 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 486-487 ◽

pp. 333-337

Author(s):

Yao Ai Hua ◽

Ke Yang ◽

Ruo Ding Wang

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Strength ◽

Porous Ceramics ◽

High Porosity ◽

Narrow Pore Size Distribution ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Thermal Shock Behavior ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Mullite-alumina porous ceramics were fabricated by polymer-aided extrusion through using natural kaolin and alumina as starting materials. The physical and chemical properties of porous ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the approach of using kaolin as starting material offers many benefits such as low cost, big processing capacities, low mullitization temperature and unique microstructure. The porous ceramics with high strength, high porosity, narrow pore size distribution, high permeability and good thermal-shock behavior was obtained by modifying preparation conditions.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053304 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

W. Iwanowska

Keyword(s):

Stellar Population ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Population Type ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Statistical Criteria ◽

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.